PUMPS

PRESENTATION OUTLINE
◆ Pump Terminology
◆ Pump Classification:
- Centrifugal Pumps
- Reciprocating Pumps
- Rotary Pumps

◆ Pumping Problems
◆ Pump Selection
 PUMP TERMINOLOGY

◆ Pumping, the addition of energy to a fluid

◆ Pumping action creates a partial vacuum while

atmospheric pressure forces liquid up.

◆ Pump performance, specified in terms of Q and

H:

Pd , g − Ps , g 2
Vd Vs
2
H =( )+( − ) + ( Z d − Z s ) + Hloss
 2g 2g
◆ Displacement, the discharge of a fluid from a
vessel

◆ Centrifugal Force, used to produce kinetic

energy
 CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

◆ WHAT IS CENTRIFUGAL PUMP?

◆ WORKING MECHANISM OF A CENTRIFUGAL
PUMP
◆ ADVANTEGAES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
WHAT IS CENTRIFUGAL PUMP?
◆ Convert the mechanical energy into
hydraulic energy by centrifugal force
on the liquid
◆ Constitute the most common type of
pumping machinery
◆ Used to move liquids through a piping
system
◆ Has two main components:
1. Stationary componets, casing,
casing cover and bearings
2. Rotating components, impeller and
shaft
◆ Classified into three categories ;
Radial Flow, Mixed Flow, Axial Flow
 WORKING MECHANISM OF A
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
◆ Simplest piece of equipment
in any process plant
◆ Energy changes occur by
virtue of impeller and volute
◆ Liquid is fed into the pump at
the center of a rotating
impeller and thrown outward
by centrifugal force
◆ The conversion of kinetic
energy into pressure energy
supplies the pressure
Liquid flow path inside a
difference between the centrifugal pump
suction side and delivery side
of the pump
 ADVANTAGES OF CENTRIGUGAL
PUMPS
Advantages

◆ Simple in construction and cheap

◆ Handle liquid with large amounts of solids
◆ No metal to metal fits
◆ No valves involved in pump operation
◆ Maintenance costs are lower
 DISADVANTAGES OF
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

Disadvantages

◆ Cannot handle highly viscous fluids efficiently

◆ Cannot be operated at high heads
◆ Maximum efficiency holds over a narrow range of
conditions
 20 m

Globe
5m

Check
 PUMPING PROBLEMS
Cavitation

Reduces the pump capacity

Causes metal removal
reduced flow
loss in efficiency
and noise
To avoid cavitation NPSH
 PUMPING PROBLEMS

Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)

NPSH can be defined as two parts:

NPSH Available (NPSHA): The absolute pressure at the suction port of
the pump.

AND

NPSH Required (NPSHR): The minimum pressure required at the

suction port of the pump to keep the pump from cavitating.

Pa Pv
NPSHa = − − hs − hls
 
PUMPING PROBLEMS
PUMPING PROBLEMS
PUMPING PROBLEMS
Sebuah pompa sentrifugal digunakan untuk memompa air pada 20 oC,
dari tanki terbuka pada tekanan 1 atm. Diketahui tinggi isap pompa
2,21 m dengan total head losses 2,1336 m. Jika pompa dari
pembuatnya memiliki NPSH= 4 m, bisakah pompa tersebut digunakan?
Pompa sentrifugal pada gbr. soal sebelumnya, digunakan untuk
memompa air pada kapasitas 28 L/s. Pada kapasitas ini
memerlukan nett positive suction head, NPSHR=4,57 m,
sebagaimana dinyatakan oleh pabrik pembuatnya. Jika
temperatur air 27 oC, dan tangki berada pada ketinggian 152,4 m
di atas permukaan air laut. Tentukan tinggi maksimum, hs,
sehingga pompa dapat ditempatkan di atas tangki tanpa
menimbulkan kavitasi. Assumsikan bahwa major head losses di
antara tangki dan inlet pompa akibat filter memiliki koefisien
losses KL =1,6. Losses yang lain dapat diabaikan. Diameter pipa
suction pompa 100 mm.
Hitunglah NPSH> berikut: air pada 32 oC, tanki terbuka pada tekanan 1 atm, z1 = 2,21
m , dengan total head losses 2,1336 m.Jika pompa dari pembuatnya memiliki NPSH=
5,2 m, bisakah pompa tersebut digunakan?
Impeller design
Impeller design
Impeller design
 Impeller design

Outlet velocity triangles for different blade settings in a centrifugal pump

 Impeller design

Theoretical head-discharge characteristic curves of a centrifugal pump

for different blade settings
 Impeller design

Actual head-discharge and power-discharge

characteristic curves of a centrifugal pump
H-Q Characteristics of pump
and system
Similarity
 Similarity
Dengan menggunakan hukum similarity, hitung perubahan dalam sistem, dengan
rincian sebagai berikut:
Jika head total dari sistem sama dengan 85 meter, laju aliran (kapasitas) 60 L/s, daya
62 kW dan ukuran diameter impeller 240 mm bila beroperasi pada 2900 rpm, hitung
perubahannya bila putaran dikurangi menjadi 2500 rpm.

Dengan menggunakan hukum similarity, hitung perubahan dalam sistem

berikut:
jika diketahui laju aliran (kapasitas) pompa 12 L/s, head 56 meter,
dan tenaga 15 kW pada 1440 rpm, perubahan apakah yang terjadi
jika impeller dikurangi dari 390 mm ke 350 mm?
Pump in seri and parallel
 RECIPROCATING PUMPS
◆ Based on two stroke principles:
√ High pressure, high efficiency
√ Self-priming
X Small quantity, vibration, physical dimension,
uneven flow

◆ Used mainly for handling slurries in plant processes

and pipeline applications
RECIPROCATING PUMPS

PISTON PUMPS
◆ Two valves and one stuffing box
◆ A rotating mechanism for the
PLUNGER PUMPS
reciprocating piston
DIAPHRAGM PUMPS ◆ Uses suction to raise liquid into
the chamber.
RECIPROCATING PUMPS

PISTON PUMPS ◆ Two ball check valves on each side

PLUNGER PUMPS ◆ Low pressure on the upward part,
high pressure on the downward part
DIAPHRAGM PUMPS
RECIPROCATING PUMPS

PISTON PUMPS
◆ Rod is moved to push and pull
PLUNGER PUMPS
the diaphragm.
◆ Can be used to make artificial
DIAPHRAGM PUMPS

hearts.
 ROTARY PUMPS
◆ Positive displacement type

CHigh pressure, high efficiency

DLiquids must be free of solids
CHandle viscous fluids
◆ Used mainly in, oil burners, soaps and
cosmetics, sugars, syrup, and molasses,
dyes, ink, bleaches, vegetable and
mineral oils
ROTARY PUMPS

GEAR PUMPS

LOBE PUMPS
◆ Gears create voids as they come out
of mesh and liquid flows into the
SCREW PUMPS
cavities
CAM PUMPS

VANE PUMPS
◆ As the gears come back into mesh,
the volume is reduced and the liquid
is forced out of the discharge port
ROTARY PUMPS

GEAR PUMPS
◆ As the teeth come out of
LOBE PUMPS
mesh, liquid flows into the
SCREW PUMPS
pump and is carried between
CAM PUMPS
the teeth and the casing to the
VANE PUMPS
discharge side of the pump
◆ The teeth come back into
mesh and the liquid is forced
out the discharge port
ROTARY PUMPS

GEAR PUMPS

LOBE PUMPS

SCREW PUMPS

CAM PUMPS

VANE PUMPS
ROTARY PUMPS

GEAR PUMPS

LOBE PUMPS
◆ Fluid is carried between the
SCREW PUMPS
rotor teeth and the pumping
CAM PUMPS
chamber
◆ The rotor surfaces create
VANE PUMPS

continuous sealing
◆ Rotors include bi-wing, tri-
lobe, and multi-lobe
configurations
ROTARY PUMPS

GEAR PUMPS

LOBE PUMPS

SCREW PUMPS

CAM PUMPS

VANE PUMPS
ROTARY PUMPS

GEAR PUMPS

LOBE PUMPS ◆ Screw pumps carry fluid in the

spaces between the screw threads.
SCREW PUMPS
◆ The fluid is displaced axially as the
CAM PUMPS
screws mesh.
VANE PUMPS
ROTARY PUMPS

GEAR PUMPS ◆ Piston slide arm moves

LOBE PUMPS around inside a slot in the
SCREW PUMPS
casing.
◆ An eccentric cam rotates the
CAM PUMPS

VANE PUMPS
circular plunger (shown in
gray) around the edge of the
casing, fluid is swirled around
the edge to the outlet port.
ROTARY PUMPS

GEAR PUMPS

LOBE PUMPS ◆ The vanes are in slots in the rotor.

SCREW PUMPS
◆ Rotor spins, centrifugal force pushes
CAM PUMPS
the vanes out to touch the casing,
VANE PUMPS
where they trap and propel fluid.
ROTARY PUMPS

GEAR PUMPS

LOBE PUMPS

SCREW PUMPS

CAM PUMPS

VANE PUMPS
 PUMP SELECTION
✓The amount of fluid

✓The properties of the fluid

✓Type of power supply

✓Cost and mechanical efficiency of the pump

 PUMP SELECTION
NO DATA
1 Kapasitas
2 Kondisi isap
3 Kondisi keluar
4 Head total pompa
5 Jenis fluida (zat cair)
6 Kondisi kerja
7 Penggerak
8 Poros tegak lurus/mendatar
9 Tempat instalasi
Sumber: Sularso, Pompa & Kompresor, 1991 : 13
KETERANGAN
Diperlukan juga kapasitas maksimum dan minimum
Tinggi isap dari permukaan air isap ke level pompa
Tinggi fluktuasi permukaan air isap
Tekanan yang bekerja pada permukaan air isap.
Kondisi pipa isap
Tinggi air permukaan keluar ke level pompa
Tinggi fluktuasi permukaan air keluar.
Kondisi pipa keluar.
Harus ditentukan berdasarkan kondisi isap dan keluar
Air tawar, air laut, minyak, zat cair khusus (zat kimia), temperatur,
berat jenis, viskositas, kandungan zat padat dll.
Kerja terus menerus, terputus-putus, jumlah jam kerja seluruhnya
dalam setahun.
Motor listrik, motor bakar torak, turbin uap, dll
Hal ini biasanya ditentukan oleh pabrik pompa yang bersangkutan
berdasarkan instalasi.
Pembatasan dalam ruang instalasi ketinggian di atas permukaan laut,
di luar atau di dalam gedung, fluktuasi temperatur, dll
 CAPACITY PRESSURE

LOW HIGH HIGHER SMALL OR MODERATE

MODERATE OR HIGH

GEAR LOBE CENTRIFUGAL

RECIPROCATING
or
RIGID SCREW
ROTARY
PLUNGER
or
ROTARY
PISTON
Lembar Kerja 1: DATA SPESIFIKASI POMPA
 Prosedur Pemeriksaan Pompa

➢Pembersihan tadah isap dan pipa isap

➢Pemeriksaan Sistem Kelistrikan
➢Pemeriksaan Kelurusan

REVISI : 02-09-2014
 Pengukuran Performance
1. Kapasitas aliran (Q) serta tinggi
angkat (head) yang diperlukan untuk
mengalirkan cairan yang akan
dipompa.
2. Agar pompa dapat bekerja tampa
mengalami kavitasi, perlu
diperkirakan berapa tekanan
minimum yang tersedia pada sisi
masuk pompa (isap) yang terpasang
pada instalasinya.
 Prosedur Pembongkaran
1. Persiapan pembongkaran
2. Tutup semua katup sorong (outlet
valve)
3. Keluarkan air / fluida dari pompa
4. Lepaskan motor penggerak,
 Pembongkaran Pompa
1. Melepas penyangga dan tutup rumah dari
rumah pompa
2. Melepas Impeler: :
3. Melepas selubung poros
4. Melepas kopling
5. Melepas bantalan bola (ball bearing)
Melepas Impeler
Melepas Kopling
Prosedur Pengukuran Komponen
Pengukuran pada komponen-komponen
tertentu seperti Impeler, pasak, alur pasak,
poros, selubung poros, dudukan bantalan,
rongga rumah pompa, dll guna keperluan
indentifikasi layak tidaknya komponen
tersebut atau perlu tidaknya proses perbaikan
sebelum proses pemasangan kembali.
Impeler yang perlu diperhatikan adalah
ukuran lebar dan diameter harus sesuai
dengan ketentuan pasangannya yaitu rumah
pompa. Lubang yang berpasangan dengan
poros harus masih dalam kondisi pas atau
sesak, alur pasak juga harus masih dalam
kondisi pas pada ukuran pasak standar.
 Lanjutan
1. Ukuran poros yang perlu diperhatikan
ukurannya adalah yang berpasangan dengan
impeler, bantalan, dan selubung poros.
2. Dudukan bantalan diameter lubangnya harus
mempunyai suaian pas dengan diameter luar
bantalan. Komponen lainnya yang
kemungkinan mengalami keausan atau
kerusakan di chek ukurannya, masih dalam
batas toleransi atau tidak, dengan
memperhatikan spesifikasi, sekiranya ada
pada buku manual.

AM/Teknik Mesin/Polban
Prosedur Pemasangan Komponen

Memasang selubung poros

Memasang bantalan bola
 Memasang Paking Penekan dan Impeler
pada poros

AM/Teknik Mesin/Polban
 REFERENCES

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pump
2. www.cheresources.com
3. www.pumpworld.com/contents.htm
4. www.rpi.edu./dept/chem-eng/
Biotech-Environ/PUMPS/intro.html
 Thanks
for listening