POLICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION WITH POLICE PLANNING

ORIGIN OF THE WORD “POLICE”

POLITEIA – Greek word which means government of the city
POLITIA – Roman word which means condition of the state or government
POLICE – French word which was later adopted by the English language.

ORGANIZATION
 A group of persons working together for a common goal or objectives.
 A form of human association for the attainment of a goal or objective.

POLICE ORGANIZATION
 A group of trained personnel in the field of public safety administration engaged in the achievement of goals and objectives that promotes the
maintenance of peace and order, protection of life and property, enforcement of the laws and the prevention of crimes.

ADMINISTRATION

 Is an organizational process concerned with the implementation of objectives and plans and internal operating efficiency. It connotes bureaucratic
structure and behavior, relatively routine decision making and maintenance of the internal status quo.

LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY

 Pertains to an organization responsible for enforcing the laws.
 The collective term for professionals who are dedicated to upholding and enforcing the laws and statutes that are currently in force in a given
jurisdiction.

1. Anglo-Saxon Period of Policing System (Ancient England)

A. Tun Policing System

A system of policing emerged during the Anglo-Saxon period whereby all male residents were required to guard the town (tun ) to
preserve peace and protect the lives and properties of the people.
About 700 AD, the people living in England in small rural towns used the Anglo-Saxon System.  Ten families in a town (tun) equaled a tithing. 
Each tithing elected a leader who was known as the Tithingman.  Since 10 tithings amounted to 100, the leader of the 100 families was named the
reeve.  Both the tithingman and reeve were elected officials. They possessed judicial power as well as police authority.

B. Hue and Cry

 POLICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION WITH POLICE PLANNING

A village law started in Britain which provided methods of apprehending a criminal by an act of the complainant to shout to call all male
residents to assemble and arrest the suspect.

C. Trial by Ordeal
 A judicial practice where in the guilt or innocence of the accused is determined by subjecting him to an unpleasant, usually dangerous, experience.
(In present terminologies, it would mean an employment of a “3rd degree.”) The word “ordeal” was derived from the Medieval Latin word “Dei
Indicum” which means “a miraculous decision.”

2. Norman Period of Policing System

 
 This system of policing existed during the time of Norman William The Conqueror (King of France). When he invaded and conquered England,
a military regime of conquers and dictators began and changed the concept of crime being committed against the state.

A. Shire-Rieve
 Shire-Rieve was a policing system during the Norman Period when England was divided into fifty-five (55) military areas, each headed by a ruler called
the Rieve (head-man or lieutenant of the army). The fifty-five (55) military divisions in England are called shires. The shire-rieve had absolute
powers that no one could question his or her actions.
 Two “Constabuli” or “The Keeper of the Horse” was appointed to each village to aid the Rieve in his duties. It became the source of the word
Constable.

 The term “Shire-Rieve” is said to be the origin of the word “Sheriff.”

B. Travelling Judge or Circuit Judge

 A judge selected to hear cases which were formerly being judged by the Shire-Rieve and tasked to travel through and hear criminal case s. This
was the first instance of the division of the police and judicial power s.

C. Legis Henrici
An act that was enacted during this period with the following features:
 Offenses were classified as against the king and individual.
 Policeman becomes public servant.
 The police and the citizens have the broad power to arrest. It introduced the system called “citizen’s arrest.”
 Grand Jury was created to inquire on the facts of the law. A system which made inquisition onto the facts of a crime and eliminate the
“Anglo-Saxon Trial or “Trial by Ordeal System.”

D. Frankpledge System
 POLICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION WITH POLICE PLANNING

 A system of policing whereby a group of ten neighboring male residents over twelve years of age were required to guard the town to preserve
peace and protect the lives and properties of the people

3. Westminster Period of Policing System

 It is called by this name because the laws governing policing came out of the capital of England, which at the time was Westminster . This
period has the following features:
 Guards were appointed and the duties of the constables at night (watch) and in daytime (ward) were define
A. Statute of Westminster of 1285,
 a collection of regulations aimed at keeping the peace.

B. Statute of 1295
 The law that marks the beginning of the curfew hours, which demanded the closing of the gates of London during sundown.

C. Justice of the Peace (About 1361)

 Three or four men who were learned in the law of the land were given authority to pursue, arrest, chastise and imprisonment
violators of law. They handled felonies, misdemeanors and infractions of city or village ordinances. This was later abolished about 75 years
after.
D. Star Chamber Court (1487)

 A special court designed to try offenders against the state. The room set-up is formed in a shape of a star and judges were given great
powers such as the power to force testimony from a defendant leading to a great abuse of power or brutality on the part of the
judges.

4. Keepers of the Peace

 
 A proclamation issued by King Richard of England sometime in 1195 that required the appointment of knights to keep the King’s peace by standing as
guards on bridges and gates while checking the people entering and leaving the cities and towns.

5. King Charles II of England (1663)

 King Charles II passed an act which established or promoted the employment of watchmen or bellmen to be on duty from sunset to sunrise.

6. Magna Carta or "The Great Charter"

 POLICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION WITH POLICE PLANNING

 A law promulgated by King John of England upon the demand of the Knights of the Round Table forcing the King to sign the same with the
following features:
 No freeman shall be taken, imprisoned, banished or exiled except by legal judgment of his peers.
 No person shall be tried for murder unless there is proof of the body of the victim.

LONDON POLICING PRIOR TO 1829

Henry Fielding 
 Appointed as Magistrate in 1748, introduced the first detective force, known as the Bow Street Runners
Bow Runners
 a group of men organized by Henry Fielding and named by his brother John Fielding task to catch thieves and robbers
Identified by carrying a Tipstaff with the Royal Crown
 made up of eight constables who also investigated crimes handed over to them by the volunteer constables and watchmen

1798 Marine Police Force 

 Was established, salaried constables were being paid by local magistrates.
 Initially made up of 220 Constables assisted by 1,000 registered dock workers, and was responsible for preventing the theft of cargo. = widely
regarded as being the first modern police force in the world, in the sense that they were not government controlled and were responsible for the
prevention of crime.

LONDON 1829
Sir Robert Peel appointed as Home Secretary in 1822

METROPOLITAN POLICE
 Organized in 1829 by Sir Robert Peel (Metropolitan Police Act of 1829)
 The largest of the police services that operate in greater London (the others include the City of London Police and the British Transport Police)
 Finest police force around the world.

TOTAL POLICING - motto of London Metropolitan Police

IMPORTANT DATES
 POLICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION WITH POLICE PLANNING

 1833 Coldbath Fields Riot (Grays Inn Road). A major crowd disturbance dealt with by the Metropolitan Police with controversial use
of force.
 1836 The Metropolitan Police absorb the Bow Street Horse Patrol into its control.
 1838 Incorporates Marine Police and Bow Street Runners into the Metropolitan Police and the disbandment of the Bow Street Office and
other Offices. These were all agreed and put into effect.

Administration Policing Principles of London Metropolitan Police

1. Stable and effective civil police under government control Commissioner = highest rank in the Metropolitan Police
2. Absence of crime is the best proof of efficiency Police Constable – lowest rank
3. Fast distribution of crime news to the police is essential.

Evolution of the Philippine Police System

During the Spanish Regime
o Maintenance of law and order is a part of the military system for the defense of the colony;
o Locally organized police forces although performing civil duties is a direct adjunct of the colonial military establishments; (policemen in
appearance yet colonial soldiers in the ultimate sense.
o Police functions consisted mainly of (1) suppression of brigandage by patrolling unsettled areas; (2) detection of local or petty uprising by
spying upon the work and movements of the people and; (3) the enforcement of tax collection including church revenues.

Guardilleros
A body of rural police organized in each town established by Royal decree of Jan. 8, 1836. It mandates that 5% of the able bodied male
inhabitants of each province where to be enlisted in this police organization for 3 years. There services are originally not paid or gratuitous
subject to some privileges although in some province they received a proportionate pay ranging from 4.00 to 8.00 depending on the revenue
collection.
Carabineros De Seguridad Publica
Organized in 1712 for the purpose of carrying the regulations of the Department of State. This was armed and considered as the mounted police
who later discharged the duties of a port, harbor and river police. It was later given special commission by Royal Decree of December 20, 1842 and
it was called – Cuerco De Seguridad Publica ( Corps of Crabbiness for Public Security).
Gurdia Civil
Created by Royal decree on February 12, 1852, to partially relieve the Spanish peninsula troops of their works in policing towns. It is consisted of a
body of Filipino policemen organized originally in each of the provincial capital of the province of Luzon under the Alcalde Mayor.)

Philippine Commission Act No. of 175

 POLICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION WITH POLICE PLANNING

(July 18, 1901) an act providing for the organization and government of an Insular Constabulary.
Sec. 1, Act 255 of October 3, 1901
Renamed the Insular Constabulary to Philippine Constabulary (a national police institution for preserving peace, keeping order and enforcing the
law.
Henry Allen
The first Chief of the Philippine Constabulary.
Rafael Crame
The first Filipino Chief of the Philippine Constabulary.
Act No 70
(On January 9, 1901) The Metropolitan Police Force of Manila was organized
E.O. 389
Ordered that the PC be one of the four services of the AFP, dated December 23, 1940.
P.D. 765
Integration Act of 1975, dated August 8, 1975, established the Integrated National Police (INP) composed of the PC as the nucleus and the
Integrated local police forces as components, under the Ministry of National Defense.
E.O. 1012
Transferred to the city and municipal government the operational supervision and direction over the INP units assigned within their locality.
R.A. 4864
It created the POLCOM (Police Commission) as a supervisory agency to oversee the training and professionalization of the local police under the
Officer of the President. Otherwise known as the Police Professionalization act of 1966, dated September 8, 1966. It was later renamed as the
National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM).
E.O. 1040
Transferred the Admin. Control and Supervision of the INP from the ministry of National Defense to the National Police Commission
R.A. 6975
It is otherwise known as the Department of Interior and Local Government Act of 1990, enacted on December 13, 1990. Established the PNP,
BFP, BJMP and the PPSC.
R.A. 8551
Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998, enacted 1998, amending the provision of R.A. 6975
Act No. 181
Created the Division of Investigation (DI) of the Department of Justice dated November 1938.
R.A. 157
Created the National Bureau of Investigation, enacted June 19, 1947 and later reorganized by R,A. 2678
 POLICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION WITH POLICE PLANNING

PHILIPPINE POLICING SYSTEM

On January 9, 1901, the Metropolitan Police Force of Manila was organized pursuant to Act No. 70 of the Taft Commission. This
has become the basis for the celebration of the anniversary of the Manila’s Finest every January 9 th.

1. ACT 175 – entitled “An Act Providing for the Organization and Government of an Insular Constabulary”, established on August 8, 1901.
CAPT. HENRY ALLEN – the first chief of the Philippine Constabulary in 1901

2. ACT 183 – enacted on July 13, 1901, created the Manila Police Department.
CAPT GEORGE CURRY
 the first chief of police of the Manila Police Department in 1901.

3. R.A. 4864 – otherwise known as the Police Act of 1966, enacted on August 8, 1966; created the Police Commission (POLCOM) as a supervisory agency to
oversee the training and professionalization of the local police forces under the Office of the President; later POLCOM was renamed into National Police
Commission (NAPOLCOM)

Martial Law Period

4. P.D. 765 – otherwise known as the Integration Act of 1975, enacted on August 8, 1975; established the Integrated National Police (INP)
composed of the Philippine Constabulary (PC) as the nucleus and the integrated local police forces as components, under the Ministry of
National Defense.
 Transferred the NAPOLCOM from the Office of the President to the Ministry of National Defense.

5. R.A. 6975 – otherwise known as the Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of 1990, enacted on December 13, 1990; reorganized
the DILG and established the Philippine National Police, Bureau of Fire Protection, Bureau of Jail Management and Penology and the Philippine Public
Safety College.

6. R.A. 8551 – otherwise known as the Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998, enacted on February 25, 1998; this law
amended certain provisions of RA 6975.

7. RA 9708 - law amending the provisions of RA 6975 and RA 8551 on the minimum educational qualification for appointment to the PNP and adjusting
the promotion system; approved on 12 August 2009.