Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN PHILIPPIES

University Town, Northern Samar

Graduate Studies

EDUC 910:

RENE JOHN B. ESCAL, MAST

PhD-1 Student
 Collaboration in
Academic Research in
Science and Technology:
Challenges for
Development

ESTER B. OGENA
 The Need for Research in S&T

Human Rights Democracy Sustainable Development Peace

EDUCATION
EDUCATION

EDUCATION

EDUCATION
▪ Education is a fundamental pillar of human rights, democracy,
sustainable development and peace (UNESCO Conference on
Higher Education, 1998).
 The Need for Research in S&T

Research

Teaching
▪ Teaching and research are complementary
and overlapping, each feeding the other.
 The Need for Research in S&T

▪ It is important to recognize that decline in science and mathematics

education in the country, on the basis of the universities’ capacity
for teaching and research, causes the young not to be interested in
these fields, hence the lack of public esteem.
 Who Should Do Research
▪ UNESCO recognizes the role of faculty members of universities in
the overall effort of capacity building for research.
▪ Except for the USA, UK, Japan and other developed countries in the
world, most of the developing countries, including the Philippines,
have their academic communities performing R&D efforts heavily
compared to industry initiated R&D.
 Classification of Work on R&D
Classification of Work on R&D % of Time

Working in full-time 90% or more

Working mainly 50-90%

Working part-time Less than 50%

The challenge therefore, for the country, is how to dramatically increase the
number of scientists and engineers doing research in the national priority areas
considering the limited number of scientists and engineers that the country has
compared to other countries.
 Number of R&D Personnel in the Philippines

Total Number of S&T personnel based on UNESCO 30,400

Framework (2002)
Current number of scientist and engineers engaged in 12,560
R&D (2002)
Target number of scientists and engineers under the 10,940
National S&T Plan (NSTP) (2003-2010)

Academic institutions will play a significant role in providing the needed

numbers and quality of S&T personnel for our national development.
 Critical Stages of Becoming Scientist according to Dr.
Masao Ito of Japan’s Brain Research Institute

1
• Basic
Post Doctoral
3
• Creative
Established
Scientist
knowledge • Specialized exploration • Collecting and
and training for discovery disseminating
techniques towards knowledge
Graduate independence Principal

2 4
Student Investigator
 Research for What?

Teaching Research Extension

University’s Three Major Thrusts

 Research for What?

Teaching Extension

Research

University’s Three Major Thrusts

 Research in Academic Programs

AMERICAN MODEL BRITISH MODEL

• This is labeled as Academic • Known as research degree or

Degree program
• Do research through the
master’s thesis or the
doctoral dissertation after
finishing their academic
subjects
honor program
• requires the student to
identify a problem that he
would work on.
Research as Extension or External Services

Magna Carta for Scientists

and Engineers of 1997
 Modalities in Doing Research
Collaboration Contract
and Networking Research
▪ Joint researches ▪ Given by companies to research
institutes or scientists with
▪ Funding agencies
reputations for delivering
▪ Consortium outputs.
 Finding a Niche in R&D
▪ It is important for universities to determine their competitive
advantages.
▪ Faculty members of the university must work together in their
identified niche.
 Science and Technology Park
▪ A popular approach among countries in fast-tracking
innovations and technology transfer from academe to
industry is the establishment of S&T parks.
▪ They are mostly developed by governments with
private sector participation.
▪ The objectives in setting-up technology parks are to
nurture technology-based companies, strengthen the
country’s business base, create new employment Qatar Science & Technology Park,
opportunities , and facilitate technology transforming research for emerging
companies’ programs
commercialization.
Science Park Spain, UK, Singapore, Taiwan, Estonio, S. Korea,
Philippines
Research Park Various states in USA
Discovery Park Canada
Industrial Park Italy, Philippines
High Tech Park Canada
Innovation Center UK
S&T Park Germany, UK, Hong Kong
Technology Park India, Belgium, Australia, Chile
Technopark Philippines
Software Technology Park India
Benefits of academe in actively participating in S&T parks are:
1. Involvement of scientists and research personnel in new and
emerging technologies;
2. Use of scientists and researchers of R&D laboratories with
advanced facilities; and
3. Alternative environment for graduate students to do research
in collaboration with industry.

LIMITATION: universities may face high probability of losing some

of their scientists to the companies that they work with in the S&T
parks.
Global Development in S&T
A.Corporatization of R&D
▪ Making R&D institutions as corporations or income generating
institutions
▪ The concept of corporatization of R&D efforts provides for
added income for both the scientists and the government where
the private sectors will also benefit in terms of reasonable fees
and incentives for utilizing the R&D institutions.
 Global Development in S&T
B. National Science Academies, Councils and
Associations
▪ They play a crucial role in advancing S&T efforts in various
countries
▪ Science academies and councils are policy-making bodies,
members of International Association of Academies and
Councils and do collaborative works with local scientists, both at
institutional and individual levels, in areas where they agree to
work on. Their recommendations on research priorities greatly
influence the thinking of international funding agencies.
 Global Development in S&T
B. National Science Academies, Councils and
Associations
▪ Our local scientists must be able to interact with other scientists,
locally and globally, to allow them to develop new ideas and
collaborate in researches that will enhance our national
capability.
Global Development in S&T
C. Research Priorities
▪ Largely on economic and global intentions
▪ Research priorities=research resources
▪ National research priorities are part of strategic plans of
countries to advance their economies, especially for developing
countries.
▪ Developed country’s research priorities aimed at breakthroughs
in S&T, maintaining leading works in R&D in addition to getting
the benefits of the R&D efforts for their countries and the global
community.
 National Science and Technology Plan
(NSTP)
▪ Provides for the policy framework and directions for S&T in the Philippines.
▪ Guide of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) on their
programs and projects
▪ It aims to:
1. Have immediate access to quality S&T services, higher productivity
and competitiveness for Philippine products and industries;
2. Create technology-based enterprises in the regions; and
3. Have S&T-based solutions to pressing national problems and
greater S&T awareness and support among leaders and policy
makers
 Strategies for S&T
1. Niching and clustering
2. Addressing pressing national problems
3. Developing human resources
4. Providing support to SMEs
5. Accelerating technology transfer and utilization
6. Building/upgrading of S&T infrastructures
7. Strengthening government-industry-academe-civil
society and institutional linkages
8. Improving S&T governance
9. Promoting/popularizing S&T
 Long-Term Area Thrusts
The twelve priority areas are:
1. Agriculture, forestry, and
natural resources
2. Health/medical sciences
3. Biotechnology
4. Information and
communication technology
5. Microelectronics
6. Earth and life sciences
7. Fisheries and aquaculture
8. Environment
9. Natural disaster mitigation
10. Energy
11. Materials science and
engineering
12. Manufacturing and process
engineering
 S&T Indicators
Indicators 2000-01 2004 2010 2020
1. Philippine Ranking in S&T 41st 40th 35th 25th
Competitiveness in the World
Competitiveness Report
2. Philippine Ranking in Technology 44th 43rd 40th 35th
Achievement Index
3. Number of Patents Granted to Residents 20 30 50 200
4. % of Private Sector R&D Expenditures to 22% 25% 30% 40%
Total National R&D Expenditures
Indicators (continuation) 2000-01 2004 2010 2020

5. % of Total R&D Expenditures to GDP 0.15% .30 1.00 2.00

6. No. of R&D Personnel per Million Population 153 200 250 350

7. No. of World Class S&T Universities - 3 9 15

8. Value-added in Leading High-Technology 30% 40% 50% 70%
Exports
9. Philippine Ranking in Global Technology 30th 27th 20th 15th
Index
10. Philippine Ranking in Knowledge Jobs 3rd 3rd 2nd 1st
11. Philippine Ranking in the Transformation to 39th 34th 30th 20th
a Digital Economy
▪ Other S&T indicators to be monitored are:
1. Number of publications of Filipino scientist and engineers in
the international citation index
2. Number of registered scientists and engineers
3. Number of Filipino Ph.D.s in science and engineering
4. Number of internationally accredited laboratories
5. Technology balance of payments
6. Investments in high technology areas
▪ In basic education sector, the basis is the performance of Filipino
students in international assessments done by the international
association of Educational Achievement (IEA) like:
1. The Third International Mathematics and Science Study
(TIMSS)-Trends
2. The Second Information Technology in Education Study
(SITES)
 Challenges
▪ Expect the universities to find their place in pursuing the national
S&T agenda.
▪ Universities have to continuously develop their human resources
and R&D infrastructure to be able to contribute to national
development efforts and at the same time develop their own
delivery programs in S&T.
▪ The quality of S&T in the country depends to a large extent on the
quality of R&D and educational institutions that it has.
▪ The universities must be able to communicate and link up with
appropriate S&T bodies, most especially at the local level, to make
difference in the lives of our people.
 A Final Statement
▪ We hope that, individually and collectively as institutions, we can
manage to have significant accomplishments as a country through
our collaborative intentions and efforts.
Higher Education Research in
the Era of Globalization:
Dilemma and Challenges of
Alternative Research
Roland G. Simbulan
 Globalization
▪ Rapid economic integration among countries called globalization.
▪ It has been driven by the increasing liberalization of international
trade of goods and services, and foreign direct investments, and by
freer capital flows.
▪ The process manifests itself mainly through the intensification of
activities in the following areas: international trade in goods and
services; capital flows; the role of international trade in goods and
services; capital flows; the role of multinational enterprises; the
reorganization of production networks on an international scale;
and the adoption of new technology, including information
technology.
 Problems and Dilemmas for Academic
Researchers Today

▪ The Seduction of the Academia. Many academics and scientists are

being seduced by big contracts, or wooed for example, by drug
companies and biotech firms.
▪ Intellectual Prostitution. Rather than serving these constituents,
professors have become servants to their corporate patrons.
▪ Commodification of the Research Functions. Here, scientific and
engineering knowledge is transformed into commercially-viable
proprietary products that could be owned, bought and sold in the
market.
Alternative Networks and Agenda
▪ National Institutes for Health (NIH). Networked with Department
of Health and the Philippine Council for Health Research
Development-Department of Science and Technology (PCHRD-
DOST).
▪ Agenda: National Health Research System which includes
biomedical, health services and policy researches
▪ Focus on the improvement of the blueprints and strategies for
health interventions, policies and service delivery.
▪ Asian Regional Exchange for New Alternatives (ARENA) and the
Asia Pacific Research Network (APRN). The regional networks of
concerned Asian-academics who ae embarking on alternative
research agenda that cover critical areas like food security, people’s
rights, militarization, globalization, multilateral investments, official
development assistance and aid conditionality.
▪ They exchange information on international issues as well as
experiences, technologies, and methods in research.
▪ Their approaches are interdisciplinary as well as issue-focused.
 Challenges
▪ Those of us whose education was paid for by our people, share a
common duty to make this country worth living in.
▪ We must strive to create a better government, choose better leaders,
help rebuild our communities, unite and free our people from
poverty and hopelessness.
▪ It is as much the aim of our educational system to produce first rate
professionals as it is to produce patriotic citizens.
 Advancement of Science
and Mathematics Through
English
Nilo E. Colinares
▪ 2nd to the last in terms of performance of pupils and students, the
37th and 38th places among 31 countries in the Third International
Mathematics--- probable cause is poor comprehension of English,
the international language availed of by the scientific world.
 Birth of Project PROBE
▪ Philippine-Australian Project in Basic Education
▪ The Australian and Philippine governments have embarked on a project
aimed at enhancing the teaching of English, Mathematics and Science, in
public elementary and secondary schools.
▪ Components:
1. Pre-service Teacher Education for the improvement of English, Science and
Mathematics, and to align teacher education more closely to the needs of
schools
2. Inservice Teacher Education
3. Teacher resource material
4. Project Information System (PROMIS)
Thank you!