Neo-

Behaviorism
Theory
1
 EDWARD C. TOLMAN
Born: 14 April 1886
Died: 19 November 1959
Known for: Behaviorism, Cognitive
map, Latent Learning, Purposive
Behaviorism
ALBERT BANDURA
Born: 4 December 1925
2
Died: 26 July 2021
Known for: Social Cognitive Theory,
Self-efficacy, Social Learning Theory,
Bobo doll Experiment
PURPOSIVE
BEHAVIORISM

3
- Edward Chace Tolman was an
American psychologist and a
professor of psychology at the
University of California, Berkeley.
Through Tolman's theories and
works, he founded what is now a
branch of psychology known as
purposive behaviorism. Tolman
also promoted the concept known
as latent learning first coined by
Blodgett (1929). A Review of
General Psychology survey,

4
published in 2002, ranked Tolman
as the 45th most cited psychologist
of the 20th century.
TOLMAN'S PURPOSIVE
BEHAVIORISM
- AKA "Sign Learning
Theory"
- Learning is a cognitive
process
- Learning is acquired

5
through meaningful
behavior
"The stimuli which are
allowed in are not connected
by just simple one-to-one
switches to the outgoing
responses. Rather the
incoming impulses are usually
worked over and elaborated
in the central control room
into a tentative cognitive like
map of the environment."
6
-A new stimulus (the sign)
becomes associated with
already meaningful stimuli (the
significant) through a series of
pairings; there was no need for
reinforcement in order to
establish learning.
7
Tolman's Key
Concepts
Learning is always
purposive and goal
directed.
-Individuals do more than
merely respond to stimuli;
they act on beliefs, attitudes,

8
changing conditions, and they
strive towards goal.
Tolman's Key
Concepts
Cognitive maps
-Famous experiment on rats
concluded that Organism or
Individual to be exact
learned the location and will
select the shortest or
easiest path to achieve goal.
Ex. A girl going to school everyday. 9
Tolman's Key
Concepts
Latent Learning
-Learning that remains or
stays with the individual until
needed.
-Learning that is outwardly

10
manifested at once.
Ex. A 2yr. old boy handling a remote for the
first time.
Tolman's Key
Concepts
The Concept of
Intervening Variable
-Variables that are not readily
seen but serves us determinants
of behavior.
-Learning is mediated or
influenced by expectations,
perceptions, representations,

11
needs and other internal or
environmental variables.
Ex. Experiment on Rats -Hunger
Tolman's Key
Concepts
Reinforcement Not
Essential
for Learning
-Reinforcement is not
essential for learning,
although it provides an

12
incentive for performance.
Ex. Rats required knowledge of the way through
maze in the absence of reinforcement.
 SOCIAL
LEARNING
THEORY
13
-Albert Bandura was responsible for
contributions to the field of education
and to several fields of psychology,
including social cognitive theory,
therapy, and personality psychology, and
was also of influence in the transition
between behaviorism and cognitive
psychology. He is known as the originator
of social learning theory (renamed the
social cognitive theory) and the
theoretical construct of self-efficacy, and
is also responsible for the influential 1961
Bobo doll experiment. This Bobo doll

14
experiment demonstrated the concept of
observational learning.
Social
Learning
Theory
-als o c a l led observational learning.

-the o r y t hat emphasizes learning

thro u g h o bservation of others

We l e a r n not only how to perform a

15
b eha v i o r but also what will happen t o
use i n a specific situation if we do
p erf o r m i t.
TYPES OF
OBSERVATIONAL
LEARNING EFFECTS

16
Types of Observational
Learning Effects
INHIBITION- to learn not to do something that
we already know how to do because a model
being observed refrains from behaving in that
way or does something different from what is
intended to be done.

17
Types of Observational
Learning Effects
DISINHIBITION- to learn to exhibit a behavior
that is usually disapproved of by most people
because a model does the same without being
punished.

18
Types of Observational
Learning Effects
FACILITATION- to be prompted to do
something that is not ordinarily done
because of insufficient motivation.

19
Types pf Observational
Learning Effects
OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING- to learn a new
behavior pattern by watching and imitating
the performance of someone else.

20
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF
SOCIAL LEARNING
THEORY
1.People can learn by observing the behavior of
the others and the outcomes of those behaviors.
2.Learning can occur without a change in
behavior.
3.Cognition plays a role in learning.
4.Social learning theory can be considered a
bridge or a transition between behaviorist

21
learning theories and cognitive learning
theories.
HOW ENVIRONMENT AND
PUNISHES MODELING
P e op l e ar e ofte n to r e i n for ce d for
m od e l i n g th e b e h avi or of oth e r s .
Ban d u r a s u gge s te d th at th e
e n vi r on m e n t al s o r e i n for ce s
m od e l i n g.

22
 HOW THE ENVIRONMENT REINFORCES
AND PUNISHES MODELING
2. The observer
1. The observer is reinforce by a third
reinforced by the person.
model.

23
 HOW THE ENVIRONMENT REINFORCES
AND PUNISHES MODELING

3. The imitated
behavior itself leads to
reinforcing
consequences.

4. Consequences of the
model's behavior affect
the observer's behavior
vicariously.

24
CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL
LEARNING PERSPECTIVE
OF REINFORCEMENT
AND PUNISHMENT
1. Contemporary theory proposes that both
reinforcement and punishment have indirect
effects on learning.
2. Reinforcement and punishment influence the
extent to which an individual exhibit a behavior
that has been learned.
3. The expectation of reinforcement influences
cognitive progress that promote learning.
25
COGNITIVE FACTORS
IN SOCIAL LEARNING
1. Learning without performance (through
observation and actual imitation)
2. Cognitive processing during learning
(attention)
3. Expectations (consequences)
4. Reciprocal causation (person, behavior and
environment)
5. Modeling (live models and symbolic models)

26
BEHAVIOR THAT CAN
BE LEARNED
THROUGH MODELING
-Many behaviors can be learned at least
party, through modeling.
-Aggression can be learned through models.
-Moral thinking and moral behavior are
influence by observation and modeling.
-Moral judgement regarding right and wrong
which can, in part, develop through modeling.

27
FOUR ELEMENTS OF
OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
Attention
•Mental focuses or
concentration.
•Willingness of the
child to observe and
mimic the behavior
of a model.

28
FOUR ELEMENTS OF
OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
Retention
•To encode the behavior
in the memory.
•Ability to store
information.

29
FOUR ELEMENTS OF
OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
Production
•To actually perform the
behavior observed.

30
FOUR ELEMENTS OF
OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
Motivation/Reinforcement
•Force that drives one to act.

31
THREE FORMS OF

32
REINFORCEMENT
Direct Reinforcement
•Occurs when an individual watches a
model perform, imitates that behavior
and is reinforced or punished by some
individual. Very
good!

33
Vicarious Reinforcement
•The observer anticipates receiving a
reward for behaving in a given way
because someone else has been so
rewarded.
I'll study in
advance
just like
him.

34
Self-Reinforcement
•The individuals strive to meet
personal standards and does not
depend on or care about the reaction
of others.
How do
butterfly look
in actual?

35
 EFFECTS OF MODELING
BEHAVIOR
1. Model teaches new behaviors.
2. Models influences the frequency of
previously learned behaviors.
3. Modeling may encourage previously
forbidden behaviors.
4. Modeling increases the frequency of
similar behaviors.

36
Bobo Doll
Experiment
The Bobo doll experiment (or
experiments) is the collective name for a
series of experiments performed by
psychologist Albert Bandura to test his
social learning theory. Between 1961 and
1963, he studied the behavior of children
after they watched an adult model act
aggressively towards a Bobo doll. The
most notable variation of the experiment
measured the children's behavior after

37
seeing the adult model rewarded,
punished, or experience no consequence
for physically abusing the Bobo doll.
38
 Reference:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_
C._Tolman
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_B
andura
https://www.slideshare.net/MACRISTINA
RODRIGUEZ1/neo-behaviorism-by-
tolman-and-bandura
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobo_do
ll_experiment
 GROUP3
Leader:

Hertez,Colean Abbygail

Members:

Gallardo, Rosalie Joyce

Garcia, Jerellyn Joy

Gonzales, Angelica Lyca

Lacanilao, Ruby Jeane

Lacuata, Trisha Nicole

Macasinag, Evangeline

Mallari, Marie Kyzer

Manalad, Iris Claudette

Mangalindan, Lanz

Marino, Almerah