Basic Calculus

Activity Sheet
Quarter 3 – MELC 10
Solving problem involving continuity of a function

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

Mathematics – SHS Grade 11 Basic Calculus
Activity Sheet No. 10
First Edition, 2020

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

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This Basic Calculus Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 –

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or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical without written
permission from the DepEd Regional Office 6 – Western Visayas.

Development Team of Basic Calculus Learning Activity Sheet

Writer: Anna Liza A. Gargaran

Illustrator: Patrick T. Lomigo

Layout Artist: Krishea Mae P. Jaruda

Division Quality Assurance Team:

Dr. Julio J. Villalon
Dr. Kim Jay C. Encio
Rosanna A. Daitao

Division of Iloilo Management Team: Dr. Roel F. Bermejo, Dr. Nordy D. Siason, Jr.
Dr. Lilibeth T. Estoque, Dr. Azucena T. Falales
Ruben S. Libutaque, Lilibeth E. Larupay
Dr. Kim S. Arceña
Regional Management Team:
Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma,
Dr. Josilyn S. Solana,
Dr. Elena P. Gonzaga,
Mr. Ronald T. Genine

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Introductory Message

Welcome to Senior High School Grade 11 Mathematics (Basic Calculus).

The Basic Calculus Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative

efforts of the Schools Division of Iloilo and DepEd Regional Office VI – Western Visayas
through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division(CLMD). This is developed
to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents, and responsible adults) in helping
our learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials aimed to

guide our learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and time using the
contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist learners in acquiring the
lifelong learning skills, knowledge and attitudes for productivity and employment.

For the learning facilitator:

The Learning Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the teaching-learning
activities specified in each Most Essential Competency (MELC) with minimal or no face-
to-face encounter between you and learner. This will be made available to the learners
with the references/links to ease the independent learning.

For the learner:

The Learning Activity Sheet is developed to help you continue learning even if
you are not in school. This learning material provides you with meaningful and engaging
activities for independent learning. Being an active learner, carefully read and
understand the instructions then perform the activities and answer the assessments.
This will be returned to your facilitator on the agreed schedule.

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 Quarter 3, Week 3

Learning Activity Sheet (LAS) No. 10

Name of Learner:______________________________Grade and Section:________
Date:____________________

BASIC CALCULUS LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Solving problem involving continuity of a function

I. Learning Competency with Code

Solves problem involving continuity of a function (STEM _BC11LC-IIId-3)

II. Background Information for Learners

The first theorem that will be illustrated in this learning kit says that a function f(x) which is
known to be continuous over a closed interval [a, b] will take any value between f(a) and f(b).

INTERMEDIATE VALUE THEOREM (IVT)

If function “f” is continuous on the closed interval [a, b], f(a) ≠ f(b), and “m” is any number
in between f(a) and f(b), then there is at least one number “c” in [a, b] such that f(c) = m.

The Intermediate Value Theorem states that a continuous function will take on all values
between f(a) and f(b). Below is the graph of a continuous function that illustrates the
Intermediate Value Theorem.

y-axis

f(b)
m
f(a)

x-axis

a c b

The above graph illustrates that if any value, m, is considered between f(a) and f(b) and draw a
line straight from this point, the line will intersect the graph in at least one point. In other words,
somewhere between the values a and b, there exist a value c in which the function will the take
the value of m, where f(c) = m. It’s also important to note that the IVT only tells us that the
function will take the value m somewhere between the values a and b, but it doesn’t tell us what
the value is. It only tells us that the value exists. IVT is best used to prove the existence of roots
of equations.

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III. Accompanying DepEd Textbook and Educational Sites
Egarguin, Neil Jerome A., et al. (2017). Basic Calculus for Senior High School.
Quezon City: C & E Publishing.

Larson, Ron & Edwards, Bruce H. (2012). Calculus. Pasig City: Cengage Learning Asia
Pte, Ltd.

Basic Calculus Learner’s Material.1st Edition.(2016). Pasig City: Department of

Education-Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR).

https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/Problems/CalcI/Continuity.aspx

https://tinyurl.com/y7p3pkgg

IV. Activity Proper

EXAMPLE 1
Use Intermediate Value Theorem to show that the polynomial function F(x) = x3 + 2x – 1 has a
zero in the interval [0, 1].

SOLUTION
Note: F(x) = x3 + 2x – 1 has a zero on the interval [0, 1] means F(x) has a solution or root on
the interval [0,1], where F(c) = 0.
Step 1: Solve for F(0) and F(1)
F(0) = 03 + 2(0) – 1 = - 1 , F(0) < 0
F(1) = 13 + 2(1) – 1 = 2 , F(1) > 0

Note that F(0) < 0 < F(1), that is, F(c) = 0 is between F(0) and F(1). The function does have a
root between 0 and 1. Therefore, F is continuous since it is a polynomial and IVT says that there
must be a number c, in [0, 1] that F(c) = 0.

EXAMPLE 2
Use Intermediate Value Theorem to show that the polynomial function G(x) = x2 + x – 1 has
G(c) = 11 in the interval [0, 5]. Find the value of c.

SOLUTION
Step 1: Solve for G(0) and G(5).
G(0) = 02 + (0) – 1 = - 1 , G(0) < 11
G(5) = 52 + (5) – 1 = 29 , G(5) > 11

Note that G(0) < 11 < G(5), that is, G(c) = 11 is between G(0) and G(5). Therefore, G is
continuous since it is a polynomial and IVT says that there must be a number c, in [0, 5] that
G(c) = 11.

Step 2: Solve for the value of c.

G(c) = 11

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 c2 + c – 1 = 11 Substitute x in G(x) with c
c2 + c – 1 - 11 = 11 - 11 Addition Property of Equality
c2 + c – 1 - 11 = 11 - 11 (Add –11 to both sides of the equation.)
(c + 4) (c – 3) = 0 Factor the left side of the equation.
c = - 4 and c = 3 Solve for c.

Since – 4 is not on the interval [0,5], therefore, c = 3, is on [0, 5] that G(3) = 11.

EXAMPLE 3

Use Intermediate Value Theorem to show that the rational function ( ) has a 6 in the
interval * +. Find the value of c.

SOLUTION
Step 1: Solve for ( ) and h(4).
𝟓
( ) 𝒉( ) 𝟔
( ) 𝟐

( ) 𝒉(𝟒) > 𝟔
( )

Note that ( ) ( ) , that is, h(c) = 6 is between ( ) and h(4). Therefore, h is

continuous at any point except at x = 1 since it is a rational function and IVT says that there
must be a number c, in * + that h(c) = 6.

Step 2: Solve for the value of c.

( )

Substitute x in h(x) with c

Multiplication Property of Equality

( ) (Multiply both sides of equation with
c-1)
Distributive Property
Addition Property of Equality (Add both
sides of equation with – 6c and 6)
Simplify
( )( ) Factor the left side of the equation.
Solve for c.

Since 2 is not on the interval * +, therefore, c = 3, is in * + that h(3) = 6.

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EXAMPLE 4
Prove that the polynomial function P(x) = 2x3 +3x - 1 has a solution between -1 and 2.

SOLUTION

Note: P(x) = 2x3 + 3x – 1 has a solution on the interval [-1, 2] means P(x) has a zero or root on
the interval [-1,2], where P(c) = 0.
Step 1: Solve for P(-1) and P(2)
P(-1) = 2(-1)3 + 3(-1) – 1 = - 6 , P(-1) < 0
P(2) = 2(2)3 + 3(2) – 1 = 21 , P(2) > 0

Note that P(-1) < 0 < P(2), that is, P(c) = 0 is between P(0) and P(1). The function does have a
solution between -1 and 2. Therefore, P is continuous since it is a polynomial and IVT says that
there must be a number c, in [-1, 2] that P(c) = 0.

EXAMPLE 5
Use the Intermediate Value Theorem to demonstrate that a solution exists to
( ) on the interval [1, 3].

SOLUTION
Note: K(x) = x4 - 2x3 - x – 1 has a solution on the interval [1, 3] means K(x) has a zero or root
on the interval [1,3], where K(c) = 0.
Step 1: Solve for K(1) and K(3)
K(1) = (1)4 - 2(1)3 - (1) – 1 = - 3 , K(1) < 0
K(3) = (3)4 - 2(3)3 - (3) – 1 = 23 , K(3) > 0

Note that K(1) < 0 < K(3), that is, K(c) = 0 is between K(1) and K(3). The function does have a
solution between 1 and 3. Therefore, K is continuous since it is a polynomial and IVT says that
there must be a number c, in [1, 3] that K(c) = 0.

Exercises

1) Use Intermediate Value Theorem to show that the given function has a zero in each
given interval.
a) ( ) ; [ ]
b) ( ) ; [ ]
c) ( ) ; [ ]

2) Use Intermediate Value Theorem to show that the polynomial function g(x) = x3- x2 + x -2
has g(c) = 4 in the interval [0, 3]. Find the value of c.

3) Use Intermediate Value Theorem to show that the radical function ( ) √ has
k(c) = 3 in the interval [- 4.5, 3]. Find the value of c.

Enrichment Exercises

Use the Intermediate Value Theorem to demonstrate that a solution exists to the given function
on the interval given.
M(x) = 4x3 + 2x2 - 15x - 46; [1, 3]

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 You may click the link below for more practice.
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/ap-calculus-ab/ab-limits-new/ab-1-12/v/continuity-over-an-
interval

V. Reflection:

Complete the following sentences:

1. The most challenging part of this learning activity sheet was…
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

2. In this learning activity sheet I learned that….

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

VI. Answer Key

∞). ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ( )( intervals ( ∞

. Thus h(x) is continuous on the and 𝑥 h(x) is continuous everywhere except on 𝑥
𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ - or 2) h(x) is a rational function, and it is continuous on its domain which is 𝐷: ,𝑥 𝑥 ≠
1 and 3.
1) Since M(1) < 0 < k(3), therefore the solution of the function M(x) exists between the values of
Enrichment Exercise

value of c is 4.
3) Since k(-4.5) < 3 < k(3), therefore k(c) = 3 exists between the values of – 4.5 and 3, and the
c is 2.
2) Since g(0) < 4 < g(3), therefore g(c) = 4 exists between the values of 0 and 3, and the value of

c) Since C(2) < 0 < C(1), therefore C(x) has a zero between the values of 1 and 2.
b) Since H(-2) < 0 < H(5), therefore H(x) has a zero between the values of – 2 and 5.
a) Since G(-2) < 0 < G(-1), therefore G(x) has a zero between the values of – 2 and -1.
1)
Exercises