Suez Canal University

Faculty of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department

Course Content :-
1. Overview and introduction Civil
2. General Layout (Steel Trusses System).
Arch
3. General Layout (Steel Frame System).
4. Load Calculation and Load Cases.
5. Internal Force Calculation Using (Sap2000) [ 2D & 3D].
6. Design of Tension Members.
7. Design of Compression Members.
8. Structural Analysis Applications to calculate the internal forces (using manual methods).
9. Special Layouts.
10. Design bolted connection for truss members.
11. Design welded connection for truss members.
12. Design Eccentric Connection due to Torsion [Type 1] (bolted & welded).
13. Design Eccentric Connection due to Bending Moment [Type 2] (bolted & welded).
14. Introduction to Foundation [Hinged base – Fixed base]
Suez Canal University
Faculty of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department

Download Course material from the link at

the description of the Videos ….
Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
1- Overview and Introduction to Steel Structures
• Structural steel is a category of steel construction material that is produced with a particular cross section or
shape, and some specified values of strength and chemical composition. Which used instead of or besides
concrete material in construction.

Advantages of steel Structures

1. Fast construction
2. High Strength
3. Easy to make Extensions
4. Light Weight
5. No formwork
6. The Whole structure can be transferred to another place.

Disadvantages of steel Structures

1. Corrosion
2. Less fire resistance
3. High maintenance cost

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
Applications
• High rise buildings
• Factories
• Transmission towers
• Bridges
• Hangers
• Sign Supports

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
Applications
• High rise buildings
• Factories
• Transmission towers
• Bridges
• Hangers
• Sign Supports

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
Main Topic
Hall Covering

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
Common Types of Steel Cross sections
• Hot rolled sections
I-Sections

Standard- I beams I beams with parallel flange Broad flange I beams

S.I.P I.P.E H.E.B or H.E.M or H.E.A
Channels Angles Plates

U.P.N Equal angel Unequal angel Steel plate

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
Common Types of Steel Cross sections
• Hot rolled sections
Other sections

Circular hollow section Square hollow Section

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
Common Types of Steel Cross sections
• Hot rolled sections
Tables of steel sections

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
Common Types of Steel Cross sections
• Cold formed sections

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
Common Types of Steel Cross sections
• Built up Sections

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
Main Topic
Steel Covering Consist of: Hall Covering
1- Corrugated sheet

2- Purlins (Secondary beams)

3-Main System

Steel Frame Steel Truss

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
2- General Layout (Steel Trusses as a Main System)

a) Main System (Steel Trusses)

b) Secondary beams (Purlins)

c) Bracing System [Horizontal – Vertical – Longitudinal]

d) End-Gable

e) Examples

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
a) Main system (Trusses system)

• It’s required to cover the shown Area (B*L)

• Main System should be placed at the short Short Dir
Direction to get Economic sections.

• Main System is repeated by Spacing (S)

• Spacing (S)= (5
(S)= (5 ∼ 𝟖) 𝒎

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
Various types of Steel Trusses
• The selection of the Truss shape mainly based on Short span (B)

2- W-Truss
1- N-Truss
B≤ 𝟐𝟖𝒎
B≤ 𝟐𝟖𝒎

B B

3- N-Truss sub-divided 4- W-Truss sub-divided

B> 𝟐𝟖𝒎
B> 𝟐𝟖𝒎

B B
Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
• The selection of the Truss shape mainly based on Short span (B)

5- K-Truss 6- Parallel Chord Truss

B≤ 𝟐𝟖𝒎 B≤ 𝟐𝟖𝒎

B B

7- Fink Truss
B≤ 𝟐𝟒𝒎

B
Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
a) Main system (Trusses system)

As the inertia about (X-axis) is bigger than inertia about (y-axis)

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
 Main system Properties
• Spacing
Spacing between main systems (S)= (5 ∼ 𝟖) 𝒎
• Slope of Upper chord [1 :Z]
1:Z = (1:5) to (1:20)

• Panel Length (a)

a : spacing between trusses panels= (1.5∼ 𝟐)𝒎
up to 2.1m

• Angle between members ∝

o o
∝ = (30 ∼ 60 )

• Depth of the Apex point of the truss (H)

𝑩
H=
𝟏𝟐∼𝟏𝟔

• Depth of the truss at column (h)

𝑩 𝟏
h=H-( ∗ ) with hmin=1.25m
𝟐 𝒁

for a Quick assumption h=a=1.5 to 2 m Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020

 Main system Properties;
• The Main Differences between N-truss and W-truss in internal forces
N-truss W-truss
− − − − −
− − − −
−
+ + + − +
+ + + + −

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

comp comp

tension tension

Members which have the same direction of the Tangential of the bending moment , act as a tension member
• Upper chord : Compression members • Upper chord : Compression members

• Lower chord : Tension members • Lower chord : Tension members

• Diagonals : Tension members • Diagonals : Tension members + Compression members

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
b) Secondary beams (Purlins)
• Purlins spacing are a=(1.5~2)m
As it must be placed over truss joints

Plan Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
c) Bracing System
𝜶
• Main trusses can resist vertical and horizontal
forces (in the plan of the truss) .
𝜶

• But It can’t resist Horizontal and vertical forces

which act out of the plan, for example; Wind
load, so Bracing systems are used to resist these
type of loads. 𝜶
𝜶
C-1) Horizontal Bracing :
• Used every (25~30)m in the long direction.

• Almost we use it at 1st panel and the Last panel.

If the number of panels (n) is odd number

𝜶
o o
∝ = (30 ∼ 60 ) Plan
𝜶

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
c) Bracing System
C-2) Vertical Bracing :
• Used to transfer the wind load from Horizontal bracing to

columns and foundations.

• Used at the same panels which have Horizontal Bracing.

𝜶

o o
∝ = (30 ∼ 60 ) Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
c) Bracing System
C-3) Longitudinal Bracing :
• Important to resist the wind load out of plan which face the End-gable [Elevation].
• So the joint of the Truss must be restrained out of plan;
For Upper chord (comp) ; all joints restrained outside plan with Purlins at distance (a).
For Lower chord (tension) ; must be restrained each (6 ~8)m so longitudinal bracing is used
from (2*a) to (3*a).

Bracing Systems in Elev Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020

d) End-Gable
• The first Main System which have the main gate of the factory and supported by additional
columns called “End-Gable columns”.

Brick wall

Spacing between End-Gable columns are between (6~8)m

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
F-1) Example General Layout (Steel Trusses System).

• It’s required to Draw a general Layout for construction a factory over a

rectangular Area (28*50)m using [N-truss] as a main system.

• Knowing that clear height of the truss = 8m with upper chord slope Z=15

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
Primary assumptions B=28m , L=50m B≤ 𝟐𝟖𝒎 N-Truss

• Spacing
Spacing between main systems (S)= (5 ∼ 𝟖) 𝒎
Take S=5m
• Slope of Upper chord [1 :Z]
1:Z = (1:15)

• Panel Length (a)

a=2m (14 panel *2m =28m)

• Depth of the Apex point of the truss (H)

𝑩 𝟐𝟖
H= = = 2.33 ~1.75 m take H=2.3m
𝟏𝟐∼𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟐∼𝟏𝟔

• Depth of the truss at column (h)

𝑩 𝟏
h=H-( 𝟐 ∗ 𝒁) with hmin=1.25m
𝟐𝟖 𝟏
h=2.3-( ∗ )=1.37m
𝟐 𝟏𝟓

• Check
− Angle
− between members ∝
𝟏𝒉 𝟏 𝟏.𝟑𝟕
tan = tan =34.41o
𝒂 𝟐
Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
Steps of Drawing
1- Plan
• Assume the Column Section IPE#500 and
get It’s Dimensions from steel table.

• Distributing the columns with spacing

S=5m.

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
Steps of Drawing
1- Plan
• Assume the Column Section IPE#500 and
get It’s Dimensions from steel table.

• Distributing the columns with spacing

S=5m.

• Drawing the Main system between the

steel columns.

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
 Steps of Drawing
1- Plan
• Assume the Column Section IPE#500 and get
It’s Dimensions from steel table.

• Distributing the columns with spacing S=5m

(to scale 1:100 S= 5cm).

• Drawing the Main system between the steel

columns.

• Assuming Purlins Section UPN #160 and

Drawing it with spacing a=2m (to scale 1:100
a= 2cm).

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
 Steps of Drawing
1- Plan
• Assume the Column Section IPE#500 and get
It’s Dimensions from steel table.

• Distributing the columns with spacing S=5m

(to scale 1:100 S= 5cm).

• Drawing the Main system between the steel

columns.

• Assuming Purlins Section UPN #160 and

Drawing it with spacing a=2m (to scale 1:100
a= 2cm).

• Putting the Bracing Systems [ Horizontal

Bracing – Vertical Bracing – Longitudinal
Bracing] , Check the limitation and the angle.

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
 Steps of Drawing
1- Plan
• Assume the Column Section IPE#500 and get
It’s Dimensions from steel table.

• Distributing the columns with spacing S=5m

(to scale 1:100 S= 5cm).

• Drawing the Main system between the steel

columns.

• Assuming Purlins Section UPN #160 and

Drawing it with spacing a=2m (to scale 1:100
a= 2cm).

• Putting the Bracing Systems [ Horizontal

Bracing – Vertical Bracing – Longitudinal
Bracing] , Check the limitation and the angle.

• End gable columns with spacing 6~8m below

Longitudinal bracing.
Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
 Steps of Drawing
2- Elevation
• Draw Main columns to the clear height level
(8.00)m , up again 1.37m representing (h) of
the truss.

• Draw the main Truss system with upper chord

slope 1:15 , ∆= * = * =0.93m up to level
(10.30)m.

• Draw UPN#160 over each joint of the truss,

carrying 5mm Corrugated sheet as a covering.

• Draw the Bracing System in a type of dash

lines representing vertical, horizontal and
longitudinal bracing.

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
 Steps of Drawing
2- Elevation
• Complete the Elevation view by adding the remained features (Brick wall hatch, glass window and side girts
carrying corrugated sheet.

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
Steps of Drawing
3- End-Gable
• Draw The Elevation view
• Draw the End-gable column below the longitudinal bracing, Check the spacing between them (6 ~8)m.

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
Steps of Drawing
4- Side View (SV)

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
General Layout [N Truss] 28*50

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
F-2) Example General Layout (Steel Trusses System).

• It’s required to Draw a general Layout for construction a factory over a

rectangular Area (40*60)m using [N-truss] as a main system.

• Knowing that clear height of the truss = 8m with upper chord slope Z=10

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
Primary assumptions B=40m , L=60m B> 𝟐𝟖𝒎 N-Truss sub-divided

• Spacing
Spacing between main systems (S)= (5 ∼ 𝟖) 𝒎
Take S=6m

• Slope of Upper chord [1 :Z]

1:Z = (1:10)

• Panel Length (a)

a=3.33m (12 panel *3.33m =40m)

• Take h=a=3.33m
𝑩 𝟏 𝟏
• H=h+( 𝟐 ∗ 𝒁) = 3.33+(20*𝟏𝟎) = 𝟓. 𝟑𝟑𝒎

• Check Angle between members ∝

− −
𝟏𝒉 𝟏 𝟑.𝟑𝟑
tan = tan =45o
𝒂 𝟑.𝟑𝟑

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
Steps of Drawing
1- Plan

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
Steps of Drawing
2- Elevation

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
Steps of Drawing
3- End-Gable
• Draw The Elevation view
• Draw the End-gable column below the longitudinal bracing, Check the spacing between them (6 ~8)m.

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
Steps of Drawing
4- Side View (SV)

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
General Layout [N Truss-Sub divided ] 40*60

Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020
Assignment
• For the given area it’s required to construct an industrial building
composed of main trusses and secondary (Trusses or Frames).
The Upper chord slope (S) , with span (B) With Clear height (H).

Each Student has his own ID. Number

• Please submit your Layout Drawing by e-mail to mostafasaleh@eng.suez.due.eg

• Deadline 27-10-2020

Documents not submitted by this time cannot be evaluated and will accordingly have negative effects on the grade.

ID numbers are uploaded at the link below the description

of the Video ….
Eng/Mostafa_Saleh_Notes_2020