International Journal of All Research Education and Scientific Methods (IJARESM), ISSN: 2455-6211

Volume 8, Issue 9, September-2020, Impact Factor: 4.597, Available online at: www.ijaresm.com

Analysis and design of a shopping mall by using

STAAD-Pro software
Farid basha1, Sharon1, Vishnu T1, Eswar1, Dr. A. Sreenivasulu2
1
Dept of Civil Engineering, Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Seshadri Rao KnowledgeVillage, Gudlavalleru-521356,
Andhra Pradesh, India
2
Professor, Dept of Civil Engineering, Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Seshadri Rao Knowledge Village,
Gudlavalleru-521356, Andhra Pradesh, India

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ABSTRACT

Generally, in the seismic design of ordinary middle/high-rise buildings, the structural characteristics are kept
uniform in a building in order to avoid damage concentration to certain stories. However, it is extremely
difficult to incorporate the structural design suited for the characteristics of each function adequately in general
for the multifunctional building. For a base- isolated structure capable of reducing seismic force to a building,
the degree of freedom in the structural design of an upper building gets somewhat high. We are living in the 21st
century, number of complex and irregular structures are designed to resists the earthquake, wind and need to
analyse, design the structure by the various soft wares like ETABS, STAAD-Pro, ANSYS, SAP etc. The analysis
and design of various components of a commercial building (Basement+G+3) is done by using STAAD-Pro.
STAAD-Pro is an analysis, design and detailing software for superstructure (Beams, Columns) of any building.
For the design of a commercial building, the dead load, live load, wind load and earthquake loads are considered
along with their combination on each structural element of the building. Although, the software is capable of
doing linear-static, linear-dynamic, nonlinear static and nonlinear-dynamic analysis, the scope of study is limited
to only linear static analysis. The software is even capable of detailing each structural element in substructure
and superstructure, but it is attempted to do the detailing by using AUTOCAD.

Key Words: Analysis, Design, STAAD Pro, Residential building, gravity load, shear force, bending moment and
axial force.

1. INTRODUCTION

Building constitutes a part of the definition of civilizations, a way of life advanced by the people. The construction of
buildings should be looked upon as a process responded to human requirements rather than as a product to be designed
and built a great expense. Building construction is an ancient human activity. It began with the purely functional need
for a controlled environment to moderate the effects of climate. Constructed shelters where

one means by which human beings were able to adapt themselves to a wide variety of climates and become a global
species. Human shelters were at first very simple and perhaps lasted only a few days or months. Over time, however,
even temporary structures evolved into such highly refined forms as the igloo. Gradually more durable structures began
to appear, particularly after the advent of agriculture, when people began to stay in one place for long periods.

The first shelters were dwellings, but later other functions, such as food storage and ceremony, housed in separate
buildings. Some structures began to have symbolic as well as functional value, marking the beginning of the distinction
between architecture and building. The Building construction today is a significant part of industrial culture, a
manifestation of its diversity and complexity and a measure of its mastery of natural forces, which can produce a
widely varied built environment to serve the diverse needs of society.

Amaravati is the capital of Andhra Pradesh (India). There are many shopping malls in and surrounding of Amaravati.
So, we have adopted the design of Shopping mall which is having rectangular shape in plan. This project concerns with
the planning, structural analysis and designing of rectangular building. The building is planned by considering the
functional requirements of it. The structure is basically five storied structure.

The cellar is given for parking. Ground, first and second stories are allotted for shopping. Third floor allotted for
gaming zone and food court; fourth floor allotted for shopping. In that opening two stair cases are provided. All the
shops are connected with corridor and all of them are connected with each other. Sufficient numbers of bathrooms are
also provided. Planning of the structure is done according to National Building Code of India

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 International Journal of All Research Education and Scientific Methods (IJARESM), ISSN: 2455-6211
Volume 8, Issue 9, September-2020, Impact Factor: 4.597, Available online at: www.ijaresm.com

Stages in structural design:

The process of structural design involves the following stages: Structural planning, Computation of loads, Method of
analysis, Member design and Detailing, drawing and preparation of schedules.

LITERATURE REVIEW

1. Dheekshith and Preejesh, 2018, “All kinds of errors in the structural elements can be identified and are given
the best section with software. The calculation results which are obtained from both manual and software give almost
the same results.

2. Mounika pallapolu and Aquila Angel, 2017, "They concluded that the loads acting on the actual building can
resist or not is clearly shown. The results of these combinations consist of maximum and minimum support reactions.
The various elements like beams, columns, slabs etc., were designed manually as per IS 456:2000 guidelines.

3. Anoop. A et al, 2016, "The aim of the project is to design a multi storied building of G+5 floors at Kalakoda
about 4 km from Paravoor. The design is done by taking into account the requirements and standards recommended by
IS code, Kerala building rules and national building rules. Planning is done using the 3D modeling software Revit 2011
with the help of Auto CAD 2014. The structure analysis and design are done using STAAD.PRO.V8i and a cross check
is done for selected members using limit state method of design as per IS 456-2000.

4. Syed Faheem Uddin et al, 2016, A building situated in Hyderabad which is G+2 in height, has been taken for
the study, manually the tributary loads distribution of floors to corresponding beams have been done, middle frame of
the building has been selected because max amount of floor loads will be transfer on this, all the necessary loads have
been worked out and distributed with respect to story levels. Manually linear static analysis has been done using Kani’s
method of rotational contribution.

METHODOLOGY

 MODELLING: (C+G+3) Residential and Commercial building.

 LOADS: 1.5 (Live Load + Dead Load).
 ANALYSIS: Analysis of RCC framed structure. Shear Force and Bending Moment calculations.
 DESIGN: Design of Slab, Beam, Column, Footing andStaircase.

GEOMETRICPARAMETRS:
• Beam = 400 *500 mm
• Column = 500 *900 mm
• Slab =150 mm thick.

OBJECTIVES

To perform the analysis and design of a structure without any type of failures, the following objectives are to be
fulfilled.

 To understand the basic principles of structures by using Indian standard codes

 To understand the parameters of the design for beams, columns, slabs and other structural components
 To prepare a 3D model of the structure by using the STAAD Pro software for detailed analysis and design.

INTRODUCTION TO STAAD Pro:

It is one of the effective software which is used for the purpose of analysis and design of structure by the structural
engineers. Our project is aimed to complete with the help of Staad.pro STAAD Pro gives more precise and accurate
results than manual techniques.

STAAD-Pro offers general purpose structural analysis and design along integrated in one common Graphical User
Interface (GUI). The objective of this project is to familiarize with the basic principles involved in the implementation
of the various analysis/design facilities offered by the STAAD engine. As a general rule, the sequence in which the
facilities are discussed follows the recommended sequence is their usage in the input file.

Features:

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 International Journal of All Research Education and Scientific Methods (IJARESM), ISSN: 2455-6211
Volume 8, Issue 9, September-2020, Impact Factor: 4.597, Available online at: www.ijaresm.com

 Analysis and design tool

 GUI based modeling
 Input file/Output file
 Results as per Indian & other standards
 Report generation

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS:

The modeling analysis is done in the STAAD Pro

Fig. 1 Structural Geometry of the Building frame

Fig. 2 Columns and Beams

Fig. 3 3D Rendering view of the frame

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 International Journal of All Research Education and Scientific Methods (IJARESM), ISSN: 2455-6211
Volume 8, Issue 9, September-2020, Impact Factor: 4.597, Available online at: www.ijaresm.com

Fig. 4 Bending moment diagram

Fig. 5 Axial force diagram

Fig. 6 Shear force diagram

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 International Journal of All Research Education and Scientific Methods (IJARESM), ISSN: 2455-6211
Volume 8, Issue 9, September-2020, Impact Factor: 4.597, Available online at: www.ijaresm.com

Design of RCC elements:

The RCC are slab, beam, column, footing and stair case etc.…

Design of slab:
Slabs are plate elements forming floors and roofs of buildings and carrying distributed loads primarily by flexure. A
slab can be subjected to various kinds of external forces in plane, across the plane or about the plane. Each type of force
can generate a system of internal forces in plane, shear, flexure and torsion. On the basis of spanning direction: It is two
type one-way slabs and two- way slab.

One-way slab: When the slab is supported on two opposite side parallel edges, it spans only in the directions
perpendicular to the supporting edges. It bends in one directions and main steel is provided in the directions of the span.
Such a slab is known as one-way slab.

Two-way slab: When the slab is supported

Single reinforced beams: In singly reinforced simply supported beams steel bars are placed near the bottom of the beam
where they are effective in resisting in the tensile bending stress.

Double reinforced beams: It is reinforced under compression tension regions. The necessities of steel of compression
region arise due to two reasons. When depth of beam is restricted. The strength availability singly reinforced beam is in
adequate.

Design of beam:

There are three types of reinforced concrete beams.

1. Single reinforced beam
2. Double reinforced beams

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 International Journal of All Research Education and Scientific Methods (IJARESM), ISSN: 2455-6211
Volume 8, Issue 9, September-2020, Impact Factor: 4.597, Available online at: www.ijaresm.com

COLUMN:
A column is designed as a structural member subjected to compression force in a direction parallel to its longitudinal
axis. Vertical members from multistoried buildings are on four edges and the load distribution is also on four edges of
the panel. The reinforcement is provided on both the sides. Such slab is known as two-way slab.

Column member subjected to compressive loads from floors and beams. As per IS: 456-2000, the columns or struts are
defined as compression members, the effective length of which exceeds three times the least lateral dimension.
When the effective length of compression members does not exceed three times the least lateral dimensions,
then such compression member is called a pedestal.

FOOTING

Foundations are structural elements that transfer loads from the building or individual column to the earth. If these
loads are to be properly transmitted, foundations must be designed to prevent excessive settlement or rotation, to
minimize differential settlement and to provide adequate safety against sliding and overturning.

Design of stair case:

The purpose of a stair case to provide access to pedestrian in a building. The geometrical forms of staircase may be
quite different depending on the individual circumstances involved. The shape and structural arrangement of a staircase
would generally depend on two main factors.
.
1. Type of construction of structure around the stair case that is load bearing brick structure or reinforced
concrete framed structure.
2. Availability of space.
Type of staircase provided for the proposed building is Bifurcated staircase, which consists of two flights. The first
flight starts from plinth level to lintel level and second flight starts from lintel level to roof level.

Fig. 10 Reinforcement in Staircase

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 International Journal of All Research Education and Scientific Methods (IJARESM), ISSN: 2455-6211
Volume 8, Issue 9, September-2020, Impact Factor: 4.597, Available online at: www.ijaresm.com

CONCLUSIONS

The following Conclusions are drawn

1. Planning has been done in accordance with the specifications made by National Building Code.
2. AUTOCAD software is used for effective representation of drawings.
3. The exact method of analysis was also done for accuracy i.e. a critical frame was analyzed by using Kani’s
method of analysis.
4. The manual analysis results of a frame are compared with that of STAAD-Pro and the variation of the results
are found less than 5%.
5. The designs of all structural members have been done by using both IS-456:2000 and STAAD-Pro i.e., Limit
State method of design is adopted.
6. The structure is safe against all combination of the loads.

REFERENCES

[1]. Dheekshith and Preejesh, “Analysis and Evaluation of a Commercial & Residential Building (G+5) By Using
STAAD-Pro”, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) ISSN: 2395- 0056 Volume
05, Issue 06, June 2018.
[2]. Mounika pallapolu and Aquila Angel, “Analysis and Design of Commercial Building”, International Journal of
Civil Environmental and Technology (IJCET), Vol.8, Issue 4, April 2017.
[3]. Anoop. A, Fousiya Hussian, Neeraja.R, Rahul Chandran, Shabina.s, Varsha.s “Planning, Analysis and Design of
Multi storied building by STAAD Pro.v8i”, "International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research",
Volume 7, Issue 4, April- 2016.
[4]. 4. Syed Faheem Uddin, Mohammed Imran, Noman Fahad, Mohammed Hakeem Pasha “Analysis and Design of
Multi-Storeyed building”, "International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology",
Volume 3, Issue 06, November 2016.
[5]. R.C.C. Designs by Dr. B.C. Punmia
[6]. Advanced reinforced concrete design by Dr. K. Krishna Raju
[7]. Theory of structures by Dr. A. Ramamrutham
[8]. IS 456-2000 (Design of RCC structural elements)

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