Solution

The period of the oscillation is

T=f1=1.50 Hz1=(3/2 s−1)1=32

(a) At t=0,x=0 and v is positive (to the right). Therefore, this situation

corresponds to x=Asinωt and v=vicosωt. Since f=1.50 Hz,ω=2πf=3.00π,
and A=2.00 cm:

x=2.00cos(3.00πt−90∘)=2.00sin3.00πt
where x is in centimeters and t is in seconds.

(b) vmax=vi=Aω=2.00(3.00π)=6.00π cm/s=18.8 cm/s

(c) The particle has this speed at t=0 and next after half a period:

                    t=2T=31 s

(d) amax=Aω2=2.00(3.00π)2=18.0π2 cm/s2=178 cm/s2

(e) This positive value of maximum acceleration first occurs when the
particle is reversing its direction on the negative x axis, three-quarters
of a period after t=0: at t=43T=0.500 s

In an engine, a piston oscillates with simple harmonic motion so that its position
varies according to the expression

                               x=5.00 cos(2t+6π)

where x is in centimeters and t is in seconds. At t=0,  find (a) the position of the

particle, (b) its velocity, and (c) its acceleration. Find (d) the period and (e) the
amplitude of the motion.
Medium
Solution
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(a) The equation for the piston's position is given as

                         x=(5.00 cm)cos(2t+6π)

At t=0,

                         x=(5.00 cm)cos(6π)=4.33 cm

(b) Differentiating the equation for position with respect to time gives us the piston's
velocity:

                         v=dtdx=−(10.0 cm/s)sin(2t+6π)

At t=0,v=−5.00 cm/s

(c) Differentiating again gives its acceleration:

                       a=dtdv=−(20.0 cm/s2)cos(2t+6π)

At t=0,a=−17.3 cm/s2

(d) The period of motion is

                         T=ω2π−22π=3.14 s

(e) We read the amplitude directly from the equation for x:

                        A=5.00 cm