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Torrey Botanical Society
Torrey Botanical Society
Torrey Botanical Society
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STUDIES ON AMERICAN HEPATICAE-I. REVISION OF THE
GENUS THYSANANTHUS
MARGARET FULFORD
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1941] FULFORD: THYSANANTHUS 33
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34 BULLETIN OF THE TORREY CLUB [VOL. 68
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1941] FULFORD: THYSANANTHUS 35
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36 BULLETIN OF THE TORREY CLUB [VOL. 68
fI
26
27
13
14 21
18 ~ ~ 6
22 --~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2
FIGS. 13-27. T. pterobryoides (Spruce) Steph. FIG. 13. Diagram of branching pat-
tern of a sterile stem. FIG. 14. Diagram of the branching pattern of a female stem. FIG.
15. Portion of a plant, ventral view, x 15. FIG. 16. A leaf, x 30. FIG. 17. Outline of the
apical margin of a leaf, x 300. FIG. 18. A cell from the apical portion of a leaf, x 400.
FIG. 19. Cells from the basal portion of a leaf, x 300. FIG. 20. A lobule, x 90. FIG. 21. An
apical toothof a lobule, x 400. FIG. 22. Underleaves, x 30. FIG. 23. Outline of the apical
margin of a tooth of an underleaf, x 300. FIG. 24. Female bract, x 30. FIG. 25. Female
bracteole, x 30. FIG. 26. Upper portion of a perianth, dorsal view, x 30. FIG. 27. Upper
portion of a perianth, ventral view, x 30. Drawn from material collected by Dr. Killip in
Colombia.
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1941] FULFORD: THYSANANTHUS 37
lobule of the leaf, the bifid underleaves, alnd the coarsely dentate marglins of
the leaves and underleaves. See figures 13-27.
T. pterobryoides all d T. Eva nsiihave many characters ill co0n1oi0,lnamely
the color alid size of the plalits, the size of the leaves and ulnderleaves, the
size anid shape of the leaf cells, the lobules of the leaves, and the production
of pairs of subfloral inniovationissubtending the female infloreseeinees.They
differin that in T. pterobryoidesthe secondary stems are often very lonc,
the branehinigis simply and regularly pinnate, and the female infloreseences
are produced on primary branehes of a pinnate branch system, while in T.
Evansii the branches are less regularly pinnate and not so lonc, and the
female plants always show an apparently regular dichotomy. (Compare figs.
13, 14 with fig. 1.)
The margins of the leaves and underleaves, aiid the female bracts and
bracteoles of the two are striking,lydifferent.(Compare figs. 15, 16, 17, 22-25
with figs. 2, 4, 6, 9, 10-12.) The shape of the female bracts is quite similar in
the two species, but the bracteoles of T. Evansii are broadly ovate aind the
angle of the keel is broad, while in T. pterobryoides the bracteoles are oblong
and the angle of the keel is acute. Unfortunately no perianths have been
founldin T. Evansii, so that a comparison of this structure in the twvospecies
cannot be made at this time.
Not oinlydo T. pterobryoidesand T. Evansii have many charaeteristies
in common but they also make up a unit within the genus which is,different
not only from the other South American forms but also from any of the
Asiatic species with which I am familiar. All the other species have a deep
brown pigmentation and have large leaf cells which are more or less elonigate
and hexagoonal or anigular-elliptical in outline, with conspicuous trigolnes,
and often additional intermediate thickeninogs.
THYSANANTHUSAMAZONICUS(Spruce) Stephanii, Spec. Hep. 4: 784. 1912.
Lejeitnea (Thysano-Lejeutnea) amazonica Spruce, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb.
15: 106. 1884. Thysaunolejeunea amazonica Stephaiii (svn.) I.c.
Plants dark greeiuishbrown, becoming very dark browiinin the older por-
tions; seconidary stemrscoarse, 6 em. or more in length, with leaves to 3 mm.
broad, irregularly pinnlate, the branehes oblique, ofteii braliched, female
branehes with only one subfloral ininovation: leaf iiisertion curved in the
upper parts; the leaves imbricated, spreading, tightly appressed to the stem
when dry, averaging 1.4-1.6 mm. longy,0.8 mm. broad at the base, unsym-
metrically ovate, entire except for an occasional serration, the dorsal base
cordate, covering the stem and extendinlgbeyond, the veiitral margin entire,
recurved; the lobule small, inflated,oblong in outline, 0.3-0.42 mm. lonig,0.15
mm. high, the free margin entire, appressed, the apical tooth sometimes evi-
dent, of one or two cells, the slime papilla not seen, the silius shallow, llitulate;
cells of the marginal alid apical region and of the lobuile 16-20 p x 8 , those
of the base loliger, a vitta Hot differentiated,the cell walls thin, the trigones
colispicuous, with convex sides, soon becomrig confluienit through the deposi-
tion of secondary material, intermediate thickenilig frequent, the cell ltmilna
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38 BULLETIN OF THE TORREY CLUB [VOL. 68
39/
34 34
28
40
29 ~<
y
32
,135
37
~~~33
FIGS. 28-40. T. amazonicus (Spruce) Steph. FIG. 28. Diagram of branching pattern
of a stem. FIG. 29. Portion of a plant, ventral view, x 15. FIG. 30. Portion of the apical
margin of a leaf, x 30. FIG. 31. A cell from the apical portion of a leaf, x 400. FIG. 32.
Cells fromthe basal portion of a leaf, x 300. FIG. 33. Lobule, x 90. FIG. 34. Lobules, x 30.
FIG. 35. Underleaves, x 15. FIG. 36. Female bract, x 15. FIG. 37. Female bracteole, x 15.
FIG. 38. Outline of a cross section of the perianth. FIG. 39. Upper portion of a perianth,
dorsal view, x 30. FIG. 40. Upper portion of a perianth, ventral view, x 30. Drawn from
type material.
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1941] FULFORD: THYSANANTHUS 39
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40 BULLETIN OF THE TORREY CLUB [VUL. 08
sinoly, with one subfloral innovation, thus appearing lateral, the bracts simi-
lar in outline to the leaves, averaging 1.3 mm. long, the ventral maroin deln-
tate, the lobule large, 0.85 mm. long, plane, more or less obovate, obscutrely
bifid, the margins denitate; the bracteole eunleate, similar to the underleaf,
0.9-1.2 mm. long, the margins serrate and coarsely dentate: the perialnth
mostly 1.5 mm. long, the beak short, the keels delnsely set with large irregu-
larly tooth laciniae, the dorsal face smooth, the venitral faces each w-ithonle
or more groups (in one or two rows) of laciniae similar to those of the keels:
male branches and sporophytes not seen.
Habitat: On bark of trees in forests.
Distribution: GUIANA: Hb. Hooker, (Y, NY). BRAZIL: Tatnat. Spruice
(NY). Also in the Ilndo-Malayani Region.
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1941] FULFORD: THYSANANTHUS 41
41
I p~~~~~51)
F^IGS. 41-51. Tr.cosmnos Lindenb. FIG. 41. Diagram of branching patternlof a sterile
stem. FIG. 42. Diagram of branching pattern of a female plant. FIG. 43. Portion of a
plant, ventral view, x 15. FIG. 44. A leaf, x 30. FIG. 45. A cell from the apical portion
of a leaf, x 400. FIGL. 46. Cells from the basal portion of a leaf, x 300. FIG. 47. Lobule,
X 30. FIG. 48. Underleaf, x 30. FIG. 49. Female bract, x 15. FIG. 50. Female bracteole, x 30.
FIG. 51. Ventral faces of a perianth,x 30. Drawn fromthe orsiginalcollection fromGuiana.
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42 BULLETIN OF THE TORREY CLUB [ VOL. 68
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