Chemquest 2018

ACID AND BASES

STRUCTURE (PAPER 2)

[SPM 16-05]
(a) +
Chemical substances which ionises in water to produce H ions.
(b) Acid X = ethanoic acid Acid Y = sulphuric acid
(c) - acid Y is a strong acid which ionises completely in water to produce high concentration of
+
H ions.
- acid X is a weak acid which ionises partially in water to produce low concentration of
+
H ions.
+
- the higher the concentration of H ions, the lower the pH value.
(d) (i) H2SO4 + ZnCO3  ZnSO4 + CO2 + H20
1. Correct reactants and products
2. Correct balanced chemical equation
(ii) 1. 1 mol CO2 = 1 mol ZnCO3
0.5 mol CO2 = 0.5 mol ZnCO3

2. volume CO2 = 0.5 x 24

3
= 12 dm
(iii) 1. Deliver the gas into a test tube containing lime water.
2. Colourless lime water turns chalky.

[SPM 11-04]
(a) +
Chemical substances which ionises in water to produce H ions.
(b) +
Hydrochloric acid ionises completely in water to produce high concentration of H ions.
(c) (i) P
(ii) + +
concentration of H ions in P is higher than Q/ the number of H ions in P is higher than Q.
(d) (i) Neutralisation
(ii) Pink to colourless
(iii) NaOH + HCl  NaCl + H O
2
1. Correct reactants and products
2. Correct balanced chemical equation

(iv) 1. Number of mol of NaOH = (25)(0.1)/ 1000

= 0.0025 mol

2. 1 mol HCl = 1 mol NaOH

0.0025 mol HCl = 0.0025 mol NaOH

3. n = MV/1000
0.0025 = 0.1(V)/ 1000
V = (0.0025 x 1000)/ 0.1
3
V = 25 cm
Chemquest 2018
[SPM 10-06]
(a) (i) Neutralisation
(ii) NaOH + HCl  NaCl + H2O
1. Correct reactants and products
2. Correct balanced chemical equation
(iii) Pink to colourless
(iv) 1. Number of mol of NaOH = (25)(0.1)/ 1000
= 0.0025 mol

2. 1 mol HCl = 1 mol NaOH

0.0025 mol HCl = 0.0025 mol NaOH

3. n = MV/1000
0.0025 = M (20)/ 1000
M = (0.0025 x 1000)/ 20
-3
M = 0.125 mol dm
(b) X = sulphuric acid
Y = nitric acid// hydrochloric acid
[SPM 06-04]
(a) (i) 3
The mass of sodium hydroxide dissolved in 1 dm of distilled water. *(refer NILAM; pg137)
(ii) 3
The number of mol of sodium hydroxide dissolved in 1 dm of distilled water.
*(refer NILAM; pg137)
(iii) n = MV/1000

(iv) Mol NaOH, n = 0.2(1000)/1000

= 0.2 mol

(b) (i) Parameter 1 : mass of solid sodium hydroxide

Parameter 2 : volume of distilled water added into volumetric flask.
(ii) To make sure all NaOH is transferred into the volumetric flask.
(iii) Use dropper to add distilled water.
(iv) Volumetric flask is more accurate than beaker.
(v) - To prevent contamination
// to prevent evaporation.
[SPM 17-07] – Section B and C
(a)
Beaker P Beaker Q
1. HA does not react with calcium 2. HA react with calcium carbonate.
carbonate. // bubble gas released
//no bubble gas released
3. HA does not ionises in propanone +
4. HA ionises in water to produce H ions
* HA remains in molecule, cannot show +
5. presence of H ions show acidic
acidic properties of HA. properties of HA.
Chemquest 2018
(b) 1. HA = hydrochloric acid// nitric acid
2. HB = ethanoic acid * [any monoprotic weak acid]
3. X = 2.0 *[range : 1.0 – 2.0]
+
4. HA ionises completely in water to produce high concentration of H ions.
+
5. HB ionises partially in water to produce low concentration of H ions.
+
6. The higher the concentration of H ion, the lower the pH value.
(c) (i) 1. dilution process
2. pH value = 3.0 *[higher than X in (b)]
+
3. The number of H ions per unit volume decrease.
4. pH value increase.

(ii)
M1V1 = M2V2
1. (50)(0.1) = M2 (200)
M2 = (50)(0.1)/200
-3
2. = 0.025 mol dm

3. Mol HA = (0.025) (25)/ 1000

-4
= 6.25 x 10 mol

4. NaOH + HA  NaA + H2O

5. 1 mol NaOH = 1 mol HA

-4 -4
6.25 x 10 mol NaOH = 6.25 x 10 mol HA

6. n = MV/1000
-4
6.25 x 10 = 0.05 (V)/ 1000
-4
V = (6.25 x 10 x 1000)/ 0.05
-3
V = 12.5 mol dm

[SPM 15-07] – Section B and C

(a) 1. Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid, while ethanoic acid is weak acid.
+
2. Hydrochloric acid ionises completely in water to produce high concentration of H ions.
+
3. Ethanoic acid ionises partially in water to produce low concentration of H ions.
+
4. The higher the concentration of H ion, the lower the pH value.
(b) (i) 2KOH + H2SO4  K2SO4 + 2H2O
1. Correct reactants and products
2. Correct balanced chemical equation
(ii) 1. Average volume of H2SO4 used = (9.90 – 0.00) + (19.90 – 9.90) + (30.00 – 19.90)/ 3
= 30/3
3
= 10 cm

2. Mol H2SO4 = (1)(10)/ 1000

= 0.01 mol
Chemquest 2018
3. 2 mol KOH = 1 mol H2SO4
0.02 mol KOH = 0.01 mol H2SO4

4. n = MV/1000
0.02 = M (25)/ 1000
V = (0.02 x 1000)/ 25
-3
V = 0.8 mol dm

(c) (i) 1. X = water

2. Y = propanone// methylbenzene// trichloromethane
(ii)
+ -
1. In set I, HCl/ hydrogen chloride ionises in solvent X to produce H ions and Cl ions.
2. There are free moving ions in HCl in solvent X.
3. HCl/ hydrogen chloride cannot ionises in solvent Y.
4. HCl/ hydrogen chloride in solvent Y remains in molecule.
// there are no free moving ions in HCl in solvent Y.

+ -
* In set II, HCl/ hydrogen chloride ionises in solvent X to produce H ions and Cl ions.
+
5. Presence of H will show acidic properties of HCl in solvent X.
6. HCl in solvent X can react with calcium carbonate to produce calcium chloride and carbon
dioxide gas.
* HCl/ hydrogen chloride cannot ionises in solvent Y.
7. HCl/ hydrogen chloride in solvent Y remains in molecule.
// there are no free moving ions in HCl in solvent Y
8. HCl in solvent Y cannot react with calcium carbonate.

[SPM 14-07] – Section B and C

(a) (i) 1. Solution P = hydrochloric acid
2. Solution Q = ethanoic acid
3. Solution Q has lower pH value than solution P.
+
4. Solution P ionises completely in water to produce high concentration of H ions.
+
5. Solution Q ionises partiallly in water to produce low concentration of H ions.
+
6. The higher the concentration of H ions , the lower the pH value.

(ii) CuO + 2HCl  CuCl2 + H2O

1. Correct reactants and products
2. Correct balanced chemical equation

3. mol of HCl = 50(1)/1000

= 0.05 mol

4. 1 mol CuCl2 = 2 mol HCl

0.025 mol CuCl2 = 0.05 mol HCl

5. mass of CuCl2 = 0.025 x 135

= 3.375 g
Chemquest 2018
[SPM 09-10] – Section B and C
(a) 1. CH3COOH + NaOH  CH3COONa + H2O

2. Mol CH3COOH = (50)(0.1)/1000

= 0.005 mol

3 1 mol NaOH = 1 mol CH3COOH

0.005 mol NaOH = 0.005 mol CH3COOH

4. Mass NaOH = 0.005 x 40

= 0.2 g
(b) 1. Solvent L = water
2. Solvent M = propanone// methylbenzene// trichloromethane
+
3. Hydrogen chloride ionises in water to produce H ions
+
4. Present of H ions shows acidic properties of hydrogen chloride in solvent L. Hydrogen
chloride in solvent L react with zinc to produce hydrogen gas.
5. Hydrogen chloride does not ionise in solvent M. Hydrogen chloride remains in molecule.

Zn + 2 HCl  ZnCl2 + H2
5. Correct reactants and products
6. Correct balanced chemical equation