NCM 100: THEORETICAL FOUNDATION OF NURSING

Activity 3: Supply the meaning of the following Classification of Nursing Theories. Then, provide an example
and brief background of the nursing theory you have chosen.

Classification of Definition Example of this Brief Background about this example

Nursing Theories
➢ Grand theories are abstract, broad in
Grand Nursing scope, and complex, therefore
Theories requiring further research for
clarification.
➢ Grand nursing theories do not guide
specific nursing interventions but
rather provide a general framework
and nursing ideas.
➢ Grand nursing theorists develop
their works based on their own
experiences and their time,
explaining why there is so much
variation among theories.
➢ Address the nursing metaparadigm
components of person, nursing,
health, and environment.
Middle-Range ➢ More limited in scope (compared to Dorothea Orem:
Nursing Theories grand theories) and present concepts Slef-Care Theory
and propositions at a lower level of
classification of
Nursing Theories
Myra Estrin Levine: In this model, nursing aims to promote
The Conservation adaptation and maintain wholeness using the
Model of Nursing four principles of conservation
Madeleine Leininger: Transcultural nursing theory, originally
Transcultural Nursing introduced by Madeleine Leininger, focuses
Theory on the importance of nurses understanding the
diverse cultural backgrounds of their patients
to ensure they are providing care that is in line
with each patient's personal and cultural
values. Understanding transcultural nursing
theory can allow nurses to provide
personalized care for the patients they serve.
The key concept of this theory is that nurses
may learn about each patient's beliefs to
customize their recovery plan and ensure it
aligns with their values.
Dorothea Orem developed the self-care theory
in nursing, which addresses an individual's
ability to care for themselves. This might
include maintaining a healthy lifestyle or
 abstraction. They address a specific
phenomenon in nursing.
➢ Due to the difficulty of testing
grand theories, nursing scholars
proposed using this level of theory.
➢ Most middle-range theories are
based on a grand theorist’s works,
but they can be conceived from
research, nursing practice, or the
theories of other
Practice-Level ➢ Practice nursing theories are
Nursing Theories situation-specific theories that are
narrow in scope and focuses on a
specific patient population at a
specific time.
➢ Practice-level nursing theories
provide frameworks for nursing
interventions and suggest outcomes
or the effect of nursing practice.
➢ Theories developed at this level
have a more direct effect on nursing
practice than more abstract theories.
➢ These theories are interrelated with
concepts from middle-range
theories or grand theories.
Descriptive Theories ➢ Descriptive theories are the first
level of theory development. They
describe the phenomena and
identify its properties and
components in which it occurs.
managing overall well-being. Using this
theory to assess patients might help you
determine if they have fully recovered or if
they may still need care. The central concept
of this theory is that patients who need help
caring for themselves often require continued
nursing care, while patients who can care for
themselves may no longer need a nurse's
assistance.
Jean Watson: Theory of This theory from Jean Watson focuses on how
Human Caring nurses and the treatment plans they implement
can promote health and prevent sicknesses. It
also emphasizes that all patients are unique,
so nurses can offer treatment based on the
progress that's possible for a particular
patient, rather than providing treatment based
on a general assessment. The primary concept
of this theory is that customized care can help
patients grow and that caring environments
can be inclusive.
Theories of growth and Describes the maturation processes of an
development individual at various ages
 ➢ Descriptive theories are not
action-oriented or attempt to
produce or change a situation.
Prescriptive Theories ➢ Address the nursing interventions Theory of Uncertainty Predicts that increasing the coping skills of
for a phenomenon, guide practice patients with gynecological cancer assists
change, and predict consequences. their ability to deal with the uncertainty of the
➢ Includes propositions that call for cancer diagnosis and treatment
change.
➢ In nursing, prescriptive theories are
used to anticipate the outcomes of
nursing interventions.

References:

● https://nurseslabs.com/nursing-theories/
● https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/types-of-nursing-theories
● https://nursekey.com/theoretical-foundations-of-nursing-practice/