ASSIGNMENT 1

EIA can also be the direct outcome of the 1992 Rio declaration which focused on the public
participation on the decision making of developments involving environmental issues.
EIA is an international and national level authority compromised with professional from
environmental and other backgrounds responsible for assessing the impacts of various human
activities such as construction, urban development, river projects etc both socially and
environmentally.
EIA can be defined as the process of identifying, predicting, evaluating and assessing the
biological, physical, social, climatic, environmental and other relevant impacts before taking
a decision and finding a solution to solve the issue by involving the professionals and public .
ECOLOGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES
APPLICABILITY IN INDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION RULES1986 Imposes certain restrictions on
construction, expansion, modernization, of prior approval from the central, state, or union
territory level EIAA.

EIA was first introduced in 1978 considering the various river valley project all over the
country and later expanded to include various other developmental projects. EIA is
mandatory for 30 projects in india now.

VARIOUS STEPS INVOLVED IN EIA

1. SCREENING initial study of project and decision to have EIA study or no EIA study
required.

2. SCOPING incase EIA is required, it decides what needs to be covered in assessment

and needs to be reported in EIA

3. PREPARING THE EIA REPORT the EIA report should include the possible
environmental impacts of the project
 4. MAKING AN APPLICATION AND CONSULTAION the EIA application and
consultation must be publicized and the public should be given an opportunity to give
their view on the subject

5. DECISION MAKING the authorities should consider the EIA report and the
amendments made by project developers after the EIA assessment before giving
permission for the development. The project should also be published

6. POST DECISION the developer starts any monitoring required

DEFINE PROPOSAL

SCREENING

NO EIA REQUIRED EIA REQUIRED

PUBLIC ,
SCIENTIFIC, SCOPING PREFEASABILITY STUDIES
COMMUNITY AND
DECISION MAKERS
PARTICIPATION

PREDICTION AND FEASABILITY STUDIES

PUBLIC INFORMED AND
MITIGATION
CONSULTED

REVIEW OF EIS BY PREPARE DRAFT EIA

REGULATORY ENVIRONMENTAL
AUTHORITY AND IMPACT STATEMENT
PUBLIC DETAILED DESIGN AND
PREPARATION

PREPARE FINAL EIA DRAFT

IMPLEMENTATION OPERATION AND
MANANGEMENT AND MANAGEMENT
AUDIT
MONITORING
Global warming has effected every country and had lead to climate change
throughout the globe. It’s a global phenomena which has effected millions of
people and environment drastically.
WHAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE?
Climate is the average weather in a place over many years and the shift in this
average temperature and weather patterns over a long term is known as
climate change and the main reason for this is human activities such as mining,
construction, burning of fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum etc which produce
greenhouse gases such as CO2.
HOW WILL CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT INDIA?
India being country largely dependent on primary activities such as farming for
it’s economical growth and GDP climate change impacts it disastrously.
The change in climate and longer periods of rain and dry season and change in
pattern of weather and unexpected rain will cause great damage and loss to
farmers and also result in floods and draught in many parts of the country.
Earth’s climate has been changing continuously over the history but at very
slow rate this fast change in climate due to human influence will create a huge
impact on us.
The Himalayan and coastal regions of india will be drastically effected by
climate change.
The Himalayas which are home 51 million people who depend on small hill
agriculture, species-rich forest, diverse ecosystems, perennial rivers which
depend on the glaciers.
Change in climate may result in abnormal floods, draughts, landslides, loss of
biodiversity and threat to food. One example of this is the floods and landslides
in the kedarnath region. The chorabori lake collapsed due to a cloudburst and
lead to flooding with widespread destruction in Uttarkhand with losses in
infrastructure, agriculture, human and animal lives.
The coastal regions of india are also experiencing the effects of climate change
such as abnormal floods and increase in sea level and change in rain patterns.
Floods in kerala in the year 2018 and 2019 which took the lives of many and
had disastrous effect on land and livelihood of people is an example of the
effects of climate change in coastal regions. It caused huge loss to property
and land, and also caused many areas to go under water and destroyed
agriculture and many rivers to change the direction of flow. This heavy rainfall
that lead to floods was caused due to climate change and human activities.