BIOPHYSICS

PHYS10302

Dr. SULIMAN M. OSMAN

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 LECTURE-1
LECTURE OF THE BASICS
 Students Assessment
Continuous Assessment (YEAR WORK):
 TEST (10%) @ WEEK 5.
 MIDTERM TEST (20%) @ WEEK 9 OR 10.
 SECOND TEST (10%) @ WEEK 12.
 QUIZ & ASSIGNMENT (10%).
Final Exam:
 FINAL TERM EXAM (50%).
Tests & Exams:
 Multiple choice questions MCQs.
 Matching AND/OR True false statements
 Calculation questions CALQs.
Physics

• Physics deals with the nature and properties of

matter and energy.
• Physics is based on experimental observations
and quantitative measurements.
Language of physics MATHEMATICS !!!

This is a skill! Anyone can learn it

LEARN WELL:
•Calculus.
•Vectors.
•Trigonometry.
 Systems of Measurement
• There are several systems of units for measurement of
• physical quantities.
• For consistency, the l’Systeme Internationale (or SI) was adopted
– The SI system is a special set of metric units
• The basics International System (SI) base units:
Mass Kilogram kg
Length meter m
Time second s
• Many other SI units are derived from these base units.
Prefixes

In addition to mks units,

standard prefixes can be
used,
e.g., cm, mm, mm, nm
Standards and units
– Base units are set for length, time, and mass.
– Unit prefixes size the unit to fit the situation.
Dimension Analysis
Dimension Analysis
 Newton’s Second Law of Motion
An object may have several forces acting on it; the acceleration is due
to the net force:

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 Weight
The weight of an object on the Earth’s surface is the gravitational force
exerted on it by the Earth.

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Applications of Newton’s Laws

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 Strings and Springs
Hooke’s law for springs states that the force increases with
the amount the spring is stretched or compressed:

F  kx
The constant k is called the spring constant.
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 Translational Equilibrium
When an object is in translational equilibrium, the net force on it is zero:

This allows the calculation of unknown forces.

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 Work Done by a Constant Force
The definition of work, when the force is parallel to the displacement:

SI unit: newton-meter (N·m) = joule, J

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Work Done by a Constant Force

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 Work Done by a Constant Force
If the force is at an angle to the displacement:

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 Work Done by a Constant Force
The work can also be written as the dot product of the force and the
displacement:

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 Work Done by a Constant Force
The work done may be positive, zero, or negative, depending on the
angle between the force and the displacement:

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 Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy
Theorem
When positive work is done on an object, its speed increases; when
negative work is done, its speed decreases.

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 Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy
Theorem
After algebraic manipulations of the equations of motion, we find:

1 2 1 2
W  mv f  mv i
2 2
Therefore, we define the kinetic energy:

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K  mv 2

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 Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy
Theorem
Work-Energy Theorem: The total work done on an object is equal to its
change in kinetic energy.

1 2 1 2
W  K  mv f  mv i
2 2

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 Power
Power is a measure of the rate at which work is done:

SI unit: J/s = watt, W

1 horsepower = 1 hp = 746 W

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 Power
If an object is moving at a constant speed in the face of friction, gravity,
air resistance, and so forth, the power exerted by the driving force can
be written:

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Gravitational potential energy:

U  mgy

U  mgy

U 0
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 Conservation of Mechanical Energy
Definition of mechanical energy:

Using this definition and considering only conservative forces, we

find:

Or equivalently:

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