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Unit 4 Rizal Module
Unit 4 Rizal Module
INTRODUCTION
Taking up Rizal course for credits, like reading Shakespeare to get by English
courses, can be tiresome for the youth. If reading and discussing the text about
Rizal cannot be fun, then it will just be like a cold stone without elaboration.
To discuss about a hero is taking him as a person with flesh and blood not as a
deity or a supernatural being that is an object of reverence without understanding.
Rizal was once a student just like you. He struggled and hustled just like every
student did. To appreciate a hero like Rizal, we should study him as a person not
only highlighting his exceptional strength but also his weaknesses that makes him
a human being. When we realize that he is like us, then, we can truly appreciate
his being human and his great and exemplary deeds are word emulating.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. Explain the principle of assimilation advocated by the Propaganda
Movement
2. Appraise Rizal’s Relationship with other Propagandists.
3. Analyze Rizal’s growth as a Propagandist and disavowal of assimilation.
4. Display an appreciation for education and love of country.
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Rizal’s Life, Works and Writings
PRESENTATION OF CONTENT
HIGHER EDUCATION:
Ateneo De Manila University (1872-1877)
During his stay, a hierarchy among students was present. Students were
categorized based on their academic performance and qualities. According to
Balbin et al. (2018), at that time, students were divided into two empires that were
determined from their living condition—the Roman Empire for internos
(boarders) and the Carthaginian Empire for the non-boarders. Rizal belonged in
the Carthaginian Empire, and only after a month he was able to attain the status as
emperor, which was the highest position in an empire.
In his letter, Jose wrote that after a month of achieving the title of emperor
and receiving a prize with the grade of excellent, he was dismayed and “disgusted
on account of some words of utterance” by his professor. Eventually, for a period,
he said to have lost his passion to study anymore. Although Rizal still performed
well in his studies, having all grades of excellent (unos=highest), he no longer
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Rizal’s Life, Works and Writings
On March 23, 1877, Jose Rizal finished as one of the best students in his
time and received his Bachelor of Arts diploma (sobresaliente), which is
equivalent to a secondary school diploma today (Balbin et al., 2018).
In the year 1877, Jose again enrolled in Ateneo in a land surveyor and
assessor vocational course. In which he finished his training in the same year and
passed the licensure examination in May 1878. He was only 17 years old at that
time. Jose was only granted his license in 1881 upon reaching the age of 20.
In the same year of 1877, Jose was caught in the dilemma of taking up
Law in college. He was later discouraged by his brother Paciano by imparting in
his letter that rather than Law, “there are few who practice medicine and the arts,
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Rizal’s Life, Works and Writings
they make progress here and live peacefully, the one thing we should look for in
this world”. Jose later enrolled in the University of Santo Tomas in 1877 under
the Philosophy and Letters program, but after a year in the institution, Jose shifted
to the Medicine program, specifically in the Pathology specialization. This was
for the reason that he wanted to find cure in the deteriorating eyesight of his
mother, which again among his letters, he called as an illness that is “far beyond
their years”.
On the other hand, Szczepanski (2019) alleged that Jose quit the university
after noticing the discrimination against the indio students by the Dominican
professor (Biography of Jose Rizal, National Hero of the Philippines).
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Rizal’s Life, Works and Writings
Since Jose left UST, and after persuading his father to pursue his studies
abroad, Jose began his academic journey oversees in Spain. Enrolled in
University of Madrid, Jose elucidated the same vigor and skill in various
disciplines that garnered recognition from many organizations. Jose still displayed
the same passion for literature, history, and languages. In fact, Jose invested much
of his allowance to purchasing books such as: “Lives of the Presidents of the
United States”, “A History of English Revolution”, and “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”
which fed him of revolutionary substance that was later helpful in his novels and
literature.
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Rizal’s Life, Works and Writings
What’s notable in this period was the beginning of Jose’s wind-up from
his fascination of the Spanish reign in the Philippines and his reflections on the
adverse culture that the Spaniards have incorporated in the Philippine system of
trade and education. In one of his letters addressed to his sisters, Maria, after
observing how empowered the German women were while he was in the practice
of his profession in Germany, he wrote:
“For these reasons, now that you are still very young
and you have time to learn, it is necessary that you
study by reading and reading attentively. It is a pity
that you allow yourself to be dominated by laziness
when it takes too little effort to shake it off. It is not
enough to form only the habit of study and later
everything goes by itself.”
Jose also wrote the letter in reflection of how sad the Filipino attitude was
for settling to an unenthusiastic culture of laziness to study. Well, in the context of
that time, not everyone was given the opportunity to study. But Jose was directing
the message to his sister—a person from an able family; and with the insight that
learning is not limited in the corners of a school, but from reading and learning
from literary materials. Rizal ended his study abroad with energy to return and
give back whatever it was that he learned outside of the country, and with
strategies of reform for the Philippines. He shall later be confronted by the poor
state of the Philippines then under the governance of the Spaniards.
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Rizal’s Life, Works and Writings
Social Struggle
The earliest account of Jose’s social struggle can be taken from his
experience in grade school. Earlier, it was discussed that he experienced
segregation among his classmates in his schooling in Binan, Laguna. In the course
of Jose’s academic journey, he struggled with the discrimination that came with
his intellect. Hence, his knowledge and mind can be tagged as both a blessing and
a curse for him. But in the progress of history, his mind proved to be one of the
revolutionary inspirations of his generation and the next to come.
Jose was able to expand his connections while he was abroad. Came with
it was his struggle to socialize brought upon by the ignorance of other people of
the Filipino race. In one of the documents by Balbin et al. (2018), it was said the
in the attempt of Jose to converse with other passengers in a French steamer
bound for Europe, he was mistaken to be a Chinese or Japanese man, and was not
recognized as a Filipino. Jose expressed his frustration in his passage, “I attracted
the attention of all who saw me; they called me Chinese, Japanese, American,
etc., anything but Filipino!”
Perhaps Jose’s social struggle was not limited to his experiences but it
magnifies to as how he finds fault in the social system of his Motherland. In his
essay addressed to the bold women of Bulacan, he wrote:
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Rizal’s Life, Works and Writings
The passage is in salutation with the feat that women have reached in
Malolos, Bulacan, specifically in the area of education. The happening tells of the
liberation of women from being held from receiving quality education, and
deviates from the norm of society on the supposed duties and narrow rights of
women.
Political Struggle
Jose’s political warfare started at the young age of 11. Though Jose was
not one who believed that violence is the key to attain freedom from the
colonizers; he took the might of the pen to spark a revolution in the minds and
hearts of the Filipinos. Jose’s tender mind was opened to the reality of the
oppression that the Philippines was under in the tragedy of the Cavity Mutiny in
1872. Thus, the fate of the Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora (GOMBURZA) martyrs
were used as motivations by Rizal to spark his propaganda movement, which
shall reflect in the birth of two novels, but would give more political highlight on
the second installment: El Filibusterismo.
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Rizal’s Life, Works and Writings
Also, Jose’s angst over the Spanish justice fueled in the memory of her
mother’s experience after being imprisoned for a set-up, which was discussed in
the earlier paragraphs of this biography (Balbin et al., 2018).
Among the other documented political struggles of Rizal was his political
turndown in his homecoming. Coates (1968) reported that the people of Calamba,
including Rizal's family, who were tenants of an estate owned by the Dominican
friars, submitted a "memorial" to the government 1888, listing their complaints
and grievances about their exploitation by the religious corporation. After lengthy
court litigation, the tenants lost their case, and Governor Valeriano Weyler, the
"Butcher of Cuba," ordered troops to expel the tenants from their ancestral farms
at gunpoint and to burn their houses. Among the victims were Rizal's father and
three sisters, who were later deported. Jose, similarly petitioned for the ruling to
reconsidered after having knowledge about it, and to topped with it is a suggestion
for reform on the taxation system that’s imposed to the Filipinos. Jose was only
dismayed by the result of his efforts. Such event also sparked his political thought
on the notion that perhaps reform is not the solution for the country, but
separation from the colonizer.
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`
Rise of the Propaganda Movement
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The Propagandists
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Rizal’s Life, Works and Writings
the main organs of the Propaganda Movement and had a large number of
audiences in both Spain and the Philippines.
The arrest of Rizal as well as the fall down of the Liga Filipina began the
weakening process of the Propaganda Movement. Shortly after that, in 1895, La
Solidaridad stopped to be published and Lopez Jaena died. Moreover, even
though some people tried to reestablish Liga Filipina, their actions ended in
failure.
Filipinos used the Propaganda Movement as a medium in their pursuit for
independence from Spain. The whole movement began as gentle actions and
advices created by students from the Philippines, who attended universities in
Europe. Because of the fact that the level of education provided at that time in the
Philippines was low and offered mostly in Spanish (which Filipino did not know
that well), many young people followed their education path abroad. After seeing
what is happening in other countries, how free people seem to be in Europe, they
wanted to do something about the bad conditions in their homeland. This is how
the Propaganda Movement was created. The Propagandist used literature to create
change and in this way provide people with knowledge.
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APPLICATION
At this point, it is useful to think about the kinds of
question we need to ask to develop an understanding of
Rizal’s Higher Education and Life abroad. Appropriate
questions include:
2. Rizal was admired for being a good leader by the other propagandist. He
displayed a kind of leadership that was not motivated by personal interest but the
willingness to sacrifice oneself for the good of the majority which he described in
his novels as the national sentiment. Using your creativity, create a simple slogan
in line with the good leadership and camaraderie that Rizal has bequeathed to us.
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FEEDBACK
REFLECTION
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