14.13.1 Gradual Closure of Valve Consider a long pipe of length L through which water is flowing at a uniform velocity V and a valve is fitted at its end (Figure 14.25), Let A be the cross-sectional area of the pipe, p be the inerease in pressure, be the time in seconds required to close the valve and C be the velocity of pressure wave. Since the valve is closed gradually, the velocity of water decreases from V’ to zero in time ¢ seconds. v-0_V Retardation (or acceleration) of water = —— 1 v Retarding force = Mass x Retardaion = py AL" at Force due to increase in pressure due to pressure wave = pA 1 1 Equating the two forces, we get: Vv PAL x= pa Lv pote (14.38) 7 ‘The pressure head is given by, vw PehV LY. (1439) w& Pw8l Bt The valve closure is said to be gradual when 2 n> 24 1440) c ( ) ‘The valve closure is said to be sudden when 2L <2 1441) c (Fe SROESS CORES Cm VRE BAS COnmieTING Pipe eamie. 1.13.1 Gradual Closure of Valve. Late wae i owing ong he pipe AB stow Tat Rae ot ee-tecton ote pip AB Yr ores uae > ainenay of penta eve poke Mesot water pipe AB™= px vou ar = p AL ‘The valve fe low pataly tne "Tseconis aed hee the water Brough from nla slo Ve sre vloty in ee cet. Roto wae Rong foe 0 rp 6 the iment of prsue wave produced dt los Of the vl, te Force dee wo tenes pipe= pwd a Fat he wo foreseen by etn) aux apa ow au ead of posure, oa Be AO ee 01.33) ba ie" be Daa (0 eae cour sito be gel it7> 2 any se eine as Co way of pomiew pe a sensi ro) ‘whens C= velocity of poses wave