Engine Kinematics

AUTOPISTA

AUTOPISTA 1
Pistón’s position for “alpha”
TDC
𝑠𝑠∝ 𝑠𝑠∝ = 𝑟𝑟 + 𝑙𝑙 − 𝑙𝑙 ∗ 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝛽𝛽 − 𝑟𝑟 ∗ 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ∝
Aplying trigonometry
𝑟𝑟 ∗ 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑛𝑛 ∝= 𝑙𝑙 ∗ 𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛𝛽𝛽
Clearing sinus
𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑟
β 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑛𝑛𝛽𝛽 = 𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛 ∝= 𝜆𝜆𝑠𝑠 ∗ 𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛 ∝
𝑙𝑙
Applying sin/cos law

∝𝑣𝑣 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑛𝑛2 𝛽𝛽 + 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐²𝛽𝛽 = 1

𝑟𝑟 𝑟𝑟
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝛽𝛽 = 1 − 𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑛𝛽𝛽

𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝛽𝛽 = 1 − 𝜆𝜆𝑠𝑠 ²𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑛 ∝

TDC = Top Dead Center
AUTOPISTA 2
Pistón’s position for “alpha”

𝑟𝑟
𝑠𝑠∝ = 𝑟𝑟 + 𝑙𝑙 − 𝑙𝑙 ∗ 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝛽𝛽 − 𝑟𝑟 ∗ 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ∝ 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝛽𝛽 = 1 − 𝜆𝜆𝑠𝑠 ²𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑛 ∝ 𝜆𝜆𝑠𝑠 =
𝑙𝑙

• Replacing

Piston’s position
𝑠𝑠∝ = 𝑟𝑟 + 𝑙𝑙 − 𝑙𝑙 ∗ 1 − 𝜆𝜆2𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛2 ∝− 𝑟𝑟 ∗ 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ∝ equation for an angle
Alpha.

• Applying Taylor’s expansion and sin/cos identity of double angle

1
𝜆𝜆𝑠𝑠 1 − 𝜆𝜆2𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛2 ∝ ~ 1 − ∗ 𝜆𝜆2𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛2 ∝
2
𝑠𝑠∝ ~𝑟𝑟 1 − 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ∝ + ∗ (1 − 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ∝)
4 𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛2 ∝=
1
∗ (1 − 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ∝)
2

AUTOPISTA 3
Taylor’s expansion
1
We prove that: 1 − 𝜆𝜆2𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛2 ∝ ~ 1 − ∗ 𝜆𝜆2𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛2 ∝
2

AUTOPISTA 4
Velocity and Acceleration
𝝀𝝀𝒔𝒔
𝒔𝒔∝ ~𝒓𝒓 𝟏𝟏 − 𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 ∝ + ∗ (𝟏𝟏 − 𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 ∝) 𝑟𝑟
𝟒𝟒 𝜆𝜆𝑠𝑠 =
𝑙𝑙
• Derivative of the position -> Velocity
𝑑𝑑𝑠𝑠∝ 𝑑𝑑 ∝ 𝑑𝑑𝑠𝑠∝
𝑠𝑠∝̇ = � = ∗ 𝜔𝜔 ω = angular speed = 2* pi * n [rad/s]
𝑑𝑑 ∝ 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑 ∝
𝝀𝝀𝒔𝒔
𝒔𝒔∝̇ ~𝒓𝒓 ∗ 𝝎𝝎(𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒊𝒏𝒏 ∝ + ∗ 𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒊𝒏𝒏𝒏𝒏 ∝)
𝟐𝟐
• Derivative of the velocity -> Acceleration
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑠𝑠∝ 𝑑𝑑2 ∝ 𝑑𝑑 2 𝑠𝑠∝
𝑠𝑠∝̈ = � 2
= 2
∗ 𝜔𝜔𝜔
𝑑𝑑 ∝ ² 𝑑𝑑𝑡𝑡 𝑑𝑑 ∝

𝒔𝒔∝̈ ~𝒓𝒓 ∗ 𝝎𝝎²(𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 ∝ +𝝀𝝀𝒔𝒔 ∗ 𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝟐𝟐 ∝)

AUTOPISTA 5
Position

Drawing a graph of the pistion’s position against “alpha”

𝜆𝜆𝑠𝑠
𝑠𝑠∝ ~𝑟𝑟 1 − 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ∝ + ∗ (1 − 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ∝)
4

AUTOPISTA 6
Velocity

Graph of the speed versus “alpha”

𝜆𝜆𝑠𝑠
𝑠𝑠∝̇ ~𝑟𝑟 ∗ 𝜔𝜔(𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛 ∝ + ∗ 𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑛 ∝)
2

AUTOPISTA 7
Acceleration

Acceleration’s graph versus “alpha”

𝑠𝑠∝̈ ~𝑟𝑟 ∗ 𝜔𝜔²(𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ∝ +𝜆𝜆𝑠𝑠 ∗ 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2 ∝)

AUTOPISTA 8
Position – Velocity – Acceleration

Graphing all together versus “Alpha”

AUTOPISTA 9
Summary

• Geometry and definition of the angle “alpha”.

• Equations for position, speed and acceleration.
• Taylor’s expansión review.
• With the acceleration’s equation, one can calculate:
– Mass force (Fm = mass * acceleration) and
– Partial Torque of the crankshaft -> The gas forces are not yet considered
Fg.

AUTOPISTA 10