8

ARTS
Quarter 1
Southeast Asian Arts
Arts – Grade 8
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Southeast Asian Arts
First Edition, 2020

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ARTS 8
Quarter 1
Southeast Asian Arts
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
(This gives an instruction to the facilitator to orient the learners and support the
parents, elder sibling etc. of the learners on how to use the module.
Furthermore, this also instructs the facilitator to remind the learners to use
separate sheets in answering the pre-test, self-check exercises, and post-test.)

For the learner:

(This communicates directly to the learners and hence, must be interactive. This
contains instructions on how to use the module. The structure and the procedure
of working through the module are explained here. This also gives an overview
of the content of the module. If standard symbols are used to represent some
parts of the module such as the objectives, input, practice task and the like they
are defined and explained in this portion.)

ii
 Lesson
Fabric and Fabric Design
1
Let Us Learn!

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

• Analyze how the elements of art and principles of design are applied in
Southeast Asian folk arts;
• Compare and appreciate the similarities, differences, and uniqueness
of Southeast Asian art;
• Understand the nature of Southeast Asian arts and crafts and how they
affect the life and culture of the people;
• Create examples of Southeast Asian indigenous and folk arts showing
understanding of the elements and principles of art.
• Identify the different arts and crafts of Southeast Asian country;
• Appreciate the value of having own identity in arts;
• Creates crafts that can be locally assembled with local materials, guided
by local traditional technique. (A8PR-Ic-e-1)
• Understand the nature of Southeast Asian sculptures and how they
affect the life and culture of the people.
• Reflects on and derive the mood, idea, or message from selected
artifacts and art objects. (A8PL-lh-1)
• Appreciates the artifacts and art objects in terms of their utilization and
their distinct use of art elements and principles. (A8PL-lh-2)

Let Us Try!

Activity 1: Fill It!

Direction: Identify the countries of Southeast Asia based on the flags

presented. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O6oqTLRcs
wc

1
 Let Us Study

THAILAND

Thai Silk is produced from the cocoons of Thai

silkworms. It is mainly in Khorat which is the center
of the silk industry in Thailand. Thai weavers from
this region raise the caterpillars on a steady diet of
mulberry leaves.
Thai silk making is considered to be one of the
finest arts in the world, a product of a unique
manufacturing process and bearing patterns and
colors.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:T
hai_silk.jpg

CAMBODIA
Silk weaving in Cambodia dates to as early as the first century since
textiles were used for trading. Modern textiles have traces of motifs imitating
clothing details on ancient stone sculptures.

There are two main types of Cambodian weaving:

IKAT TECHNIQUE UNEVEN TWILL

(Khmer term: chongkiet) - It yields single or two-color
- To create patterns, weavers tie fabrics, which are produced by
and dye portions of weft yarn before weaving three threads so that the
weaving begins. Patterns are diverse and color of one thread dominates on
vary by region: common motif include one side of the fabric , while the
lattice, stars and spots. two others determine the color on
the reverse side.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cambodia_weavi
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ikat_technique_in_Cambodia.jpg ng.jpg

2
 Traditionally, Cambodian textiles have employed natural dyes.

COLOR SOURCE
Red Dye Insect Nest
Blue Dye Indigo Bark
Yellow and Green Dye Prohut Bark
Black Dye Ebony Bark

Cambodia’s modern silk weaving centers are Takeo, Battambang,

Beanteay Meanchey, Siem Reap, and Kampot provinces. Silk weaving has
been revived in the past ten years and now provides employment for many
rural women. Cambodian silk is generally sold domestically, where it is used
in sampot (wrap skirt), furnishings, and pidan (pictoral tapestries). Now, it
has seen an increase in export viability.
Cotton textiles have also played a significant role in Cambodian
culture. Though today, Cambodian imports most of its cotton, traditionally
woven cotton remains popular. Rural women often weave cotton fabric,
which is used in garments and for household purposes.

Krama, are made traditional check scarves worn

almost universally by Cambodians, are made of
cotton.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil
e:Krama_Baseth_ou_krama_Thleah.jpg

LAOS
According to Lao tradition, stories of their history were not passed on
orally nor was it written, they were woven. Strand by strand . Lao stories
were weaved in the intricate dense patterns and motifs of textiles.
Unfortunately, some are elaborately fantastic, and the motifs so cryptic, that
in many cases only the weaver can accurately interpret the story.

Most diverse stories are the ones woven into a SIHN,

the Lao women’s ankle long skirt whose form is
undeniable but whose patterns are unique to each
skirt.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phuan_Girls.JPG

3
 Though, the skirt looks simple and elegant, it is traditional that evry
woman in Laos weaves all the sihns she would wear throughout her lifetime.
She uses folk icons to express personal views. This often accomplished by
symbolist totems from inanimate or animate world-crabs for
resourcefulness; snakes for fertility; butterflies for beauty; birds for success
and so on.

VIETNAM
Golden thread silks were born in Vietnam. Many of our Vietnamese
fabrics originated from Ha Dong, the center of weaving and sericulture (Silk
worm production) for centuries. Old jacquard looms are still used, weaving
patterns containing centuries-old symbols and characters.

Silk with golden thread.

https://www.depednegor.net/uploads/8/3/5/2/8352879/art_teachers_guide_1.pdf

Some popular Vietnamese silk fabric ranges are:

- Shantung taffeta
- Bengaline weave
- Ebony satin- an all-natural lustrous silk hand-woven in southern
Vietnam over a century, but was only recently revitalized by the
designer Vo Viet Chung.

INDONESIA, MALAYSIA and SINGAPORE

The fabric most common to both countries is the BATIK. The term
batik is an Indonesian-Malay word believed to be related to the Malay word
titik, which means “point”, “dot” or “drop”. The “drop” action refers to the
process of dyeing the fabric by making use of a resist technique: covering
areas of cloth with a dye-resistant substance (usually hot wax) to prevent
them from absorbing colors. This technique has been taught for over a
thousand years.

4
 .

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Batik_pedalaman_- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ba _sidha_drajat.JPG le:Batik_pattern_-_sakura.jpg
tik_pattern_-_bangau.jpg

There are two categories of Batik designs:

1. Geometric motifs (nonrepresentational shapes)

2. Free Form designs (irregular or asymmetrical shapes)

Modern batik designs depend on the creativity of their designs.

Naturalistic motifs like leaves, flowers, and birds have been utilized to
create elaborate and intricate designs.

Modern designs also include more colors, courtesy of chemical dyes as

artists are not bound by the strict guidelines of traditional practices, when
craftsmen were dependent on natural dyes.

In Malaysia, the states of Kelatan and Terrengganu are considered the

cradle where batik first flourished, reaching even Singapore’s shores.

There are two main types of Batik that are produced there:

1. Hand Painted- the artist uses canting, a small copper container with
one or more different-sized pipes.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tjanting.jpg

5
 2. Block Printed – is done by welding together strips of metal to form a
metal block. The metal block is then dipped into molten wax and
pressed against the fabric in order to make a pattern.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Selection_of_Tjap_printing_blocks_with_traditional_B
atik_patterns.jpg

Leaves and flowers in Malaysian batik are incorporated to avoid the

interpretation of human and animal images as idolatry, in accordance with
local Islamic doctrine. This makes their batik look similar to that of
Indonesia.

However, the Malaysian batik is famous for its geometrical designs or

spirals. The method of Malaysian batik-making is also different from those
of Indonesian Javanese batik. Their patterns are larger and simpler. More
brush painting is applied to be able to put a lighter and more vibrant colors
then deep-colored Javanese batik.

In Singapore, the existence and use of batik has been recorded since
the 12th century but has receded in popularity through the years. Nowadays,
batik is featured in as the uniform of flight attendance for the official flag
carrier airlines of Singapore, Indonesia and Malaysia.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Singapore_Airlines_flight_attendants.jpg

6
BRUNEI
Brunei traditional textile is also called batik but it is uniquely different
from Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. Its designs have their national
flower simpur, sumboi-sumboi (pitcher plant), and Brunei’s traditional design
of air muleh.

Different techniques are used in Brunei’s batik like airbrushing,

cracking, bubble, rainbow, sprinkle, geometry, and marble. These
techniques are applied on fabrics like cotton, chiffon, linen and brocade.

Hand-made batik designs are created through the art of layering and
mixing colors injected with creativity.

Batik can be done in four different ways:

1. Hand drawn
2. Using metal blocks
3. Screen printing
4. Digital printing

http://batikbrunei.blogspot.com/2014/07/the-search-for-identity-in-brunei-batik.html

Let Us Practice

Activity 2: Compare and Contrast

Direction: determine the differences and similarities of Batik Fabric of

Southeast Asian Country, complete the table by providing the necessary
information to describe the batik of the selected countries. Write your
answers in a sheet of paper.

COUNTRIES DESIGN MATERIAL TECHNIQUES Elements

USED/WAYS and
Principles
of Arts
Applied
Malaysia
Indonesia
Singapore
Brunei

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 Let Us Practice More

Activity 3: Fabric Printing

Direction: Follow the step-by-step process in fabric printing activity.

Materials Needed:
• 100% white cotton fabric
• acrylic craft paint or fabric paint (darker colors recommended)
• paint brushes
• water in a bowl or small bucket
• a flat surface outdoors to work on (e.g. driveway, old cutting board) –
no wooden surface
• nature materials: petals, leaves, ferns, blades of grass, flat pebbles,
etc.

DIRECTION:

Step 1. Step 4.

Gather the nature materials. Press the leaves and

Step 2. flowers to your desired
design.

Step 5.

Wet the cotton fabric. Choose at

least two contrasting acrylic color
and dilute it in water.
Remove the plants and
Step 3. set the paint by using
dryer or place it under
the heat of the sun.

https://tinkerlab.com/how-to-make-sun-prints-fabric/

Paint the fabric.

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Rubric
Category Excellent Good Fair Poor
(5 pts.) (4 pts.) (2 pts.) (1 pt.)
Following Followed the Followed Followed Did not
Directions directions most of the some of the follow the
correctly directions directions directions
Creativity Student’s Student’s Student’s Student’s
and Output is output is output is fair output is
Workmanship very creative good and and has few dull with lots
and tidy tidy errors of errors
Pattern Pattern of Pattern of Pattern of There is no
East Asian East Asian East Asian visible
culture is culture is culture pattern of
well-defined visible but somewhat East Asian
and used
not clearly visible but culture
from
defined not
beginning to
end continuous

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 Lesson
Arts and Crafts
2

Let Us Try!

Activity 1: Multiple Choice

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a

separate sheet of paper.

1. Sky lantern is popular in what country?

a. Brunei c. Thailand
b. Cambodia d. Vietnam
2. What puppetry is Indonesia best known?
a. Wayang topeng c. Wayang gedog
b. Wayang wong d. Wayang kulit
3. Kite-making is a tradition that comes naturally from the people of ___.
a. Cambodia c. Thailand
b. Malaysia d. Vietnam
4. What is the most famous and widely used headgear in Brunei
Darussalam?
a. Dastar c. Songkok
b. Sarok d. Tangkolok
5. What is the most popular form of arts in Vietnam?
a. Handicraft c. Lacquer painting
b. Photography d. Silk painting

Let Us Study

THAILAND

Thailand is often called the ‘Land of Smiles’ because the Thai people
are friendly with their fascinating culture and its tourists love its natural
beauty and historical riches. Its art and crafts range from paintings and
musical instruments to beautiful silk, silver wear, pottery, puppets, Khon
masks, model warships, bronze wear, soap carving, sculptures, wood and
stone carving, ceramics and paintings.

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 The country’s popular artwork is lantern making for their festivals
namely: Loy or Loi Krathong Festival and Sky Lantern (Yi Peng) Festival.

If Loy Krathong is a Festival done with the lanterns floating into the
river, Sky Lantern or Yi Peng Festival is a celebration where numerous sky
lanterns are released into the air. As people light their craft, they make their
wishes.
Loy/Loi Krathong Festival
‘loy’ means to float and ‘krathong’
means a small container.
It is made from elaborately-
folded banana leaves and a slice of
banana tree with a candle, incense
sticks, flowers and sometimes a
small coin is included as an
offering to the river spirits.
https://thaispasnow.wordpress.com/2012/11/21/loi-krathong-festival-in-thailand-2012/

The named Yi Peng is

from Thai words Yi means ‘two’
and Peng means ‘ full moon
day’.
The Sky Lanterns in Yi
Peng Festival are made up of
rice paper stretched over a
bamboo frame with a candle
stretched over a bamboo frame
with a candle attached at the
base. The hot air from the
candle is trapped inside the
lantern and making it rise from
John Shedrick, Yee Peng Sansai, Taken on October 29, 2011.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/cm_john/8514626505, The Creative Commons Attribution-Share the ground, thus it flies into
Alike License.
the sky. When the candle
burns out, the sky lantern floats back to the ground.

CAMBODIA

Indigenous people represent 1.4 percent of the total population in

Cambodia, and the majority of them live in remote rural areas within the
country. Often referred to as highlanders, their ways of life are different from
the lowlanders, both from the cultural and economic perspective.

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 Handicrafts are part of their traditional culture and their livelihood as
they produce textiles, baskets, jars, pottery, and other tools for their daily
use.
Many indigenous groups have established small enterprises and
produce traditional products to generate supplementary income to support
their livelihood.

LAOS

Laos has rich cultural heritage with its artistic features. Lao artisans
are associated with wood carving, silver smithing, mat and basket making,
Sa paper making and weaving. Handicrafts is also part of the traditional
culture and livelihood of the highlanders in this country.

This country is famous in its unique paper making using Sa or

mulberry tree. ‘Sa’ is the Lao name for mulberry tree; its bark is used to
make traditional paper, either plain or with an addition to dried flowers.
Traditionally, Sa paper is used for calligraphy and making festive
decoration, but nowadays, it is used to create lampshades, writing paper,
greetings cards and bookmarks.

VIETNAM

https://www.artranked.com/topic/Famous+Vietnamese https://www.artranked.com/topic/Famous+Vietnamese

Vietnam is rich in traditional arts and crafts along with their unique
cultural heritage. Exploring Vietnam, art enthusiasts will love their
Vietnamese style of handicraft, lacquerware, silk weaving, calligraphy,
handmade ceramics, water puppetry, ethnic textiles, silk paintings and
woodblock printing.
Vietnamese artisans are known in their silk painting. Vietnamese silk
painting is one of the most popular forms of art in Vietnam, which portrays
the themes of countryside, landscape, pagodas, historical events or scenes
of daily life. Their silk painting originates from drawing and painting of home
made rice paper. Their painting becomes popular because of its impressive

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way of using silk delicately wherein artisan must gain mastery in applying
on its canvas, as well as their painting shows distinct features in vibrant
colors and unique characters.

INDONESIA

Arts and crafts in Indonesia are varied because of its diverse ethnic
groups. Each region and each ethnic groups has its own distinct styles.
Inspite of their diversity, they had presented their artworks in the field of
silver work, batik, hand weaving, painting, woodcarving, painting and
puppet making in their own artistic ways.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wayang_Pandawa.jpg Gathutkaca_wayang.jpg

Shadow puppetry is famous in Indonesia. Wayang in modern

Indonesian language means “show” or “perform”. Kulit means “skin”, a
reference to the leather material that the figures are carved out of. Others
say that wayang is also attributed to the Indonesian word bayang which
means “shadow”.
Wayang kulit is a type of puppet shadow play performed around the
Indo-Malayan archipelago, tracing its origin to India. It is derived from a
Javanese Hindu-Buddhist tradition, where hand-crafted leather puppets
depict epic stories of the gods in shadow play. A traditional gamelan
orchestra would accompany the storytelling.
The puppet comes in all sizes, ranging from 25 cm. to 75 cm. usually
made up of water buffalo and goat hide and mounted in bamboo sticks.
The puppets are moved behind a cotton or linen screen by a dalang,
or a “puppet master” in shadow puppet plays. The dalang tells the story,
interprets, and voices each character, producing sound effects with speech
and movement and manipulates all the figures between the lamp and the
screen to bring the shadows to life. Most shadow play is based on two epic
stories from India, the Mahabharata and the Ramayana.

MALAYSIA

This country is popular in their Wau kite making. Wau is a Malayan

word for kite; it is called ‘wau’ because the shape of its wing is similar to an

13
Arabic letter (pronounced ‘wow’). This kite-making tradition comes naturally
to Malaysian people, Especially in the Eastern States of the Malayan
Peninsula.

http://traditionalgamescct.blogspot.com/2013/03/wau.html

There are many types of Wau the most widely known are:
1. Wau Kikik (simple tailess kite)
2. Wau Bulan (moon kite)
3. Wau Kucing (cat kite), and
4. Wau Jalabudi (women kite)
5. Wau Daun (leaf kite)

Among them Wau Bulan symbolizes their unique heritage. Wau Bulan
apparently resembles a rising crescent moon when flown, its size is bigger
than any other Malaysian traditional kite. Its typical size is 2.5 meters wide
and 3.5 meters long. To make it more distinctive, wau maker normally
decorated the kite with large, strong colored patterns.

Traditionally, farmers used kites as scarecrows in the fields and to lull

their children to sleep, so they could work with little interruption. Now, kite
flying becomes a popular sport not just in Malaysia but also internationally.
Malaysian have been celebrating kite festivals annually like ‘Pasir Gudang
World Kite Festival’, this festival is one of the events which serve as the
tourist attraction of this country, attracting hundreds and thousands of
visitors and kiting enthusiasts from all over the world.

BRUNEI

One of the most popular handicrafts in Brunei that many craftsmen

have made as livelihood is the songkok making or the making of men’s

14
headgear. In Brunei Darussalam, men’s headgears are categorized into three
kinds:

1. dastar – is a piece of cloth tied

around the head

https://brunei.desertcart.com/products/167341853-bismaadh-solid-dastar

2. songkok or kopiah a type of

cap made from velvet

https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/songkok-traditional-
hat-muslims-isolated-on-335043959

3. tangkolok or serban, which resembles a

turban and is a typical headdress
in the Middle East

https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/sunday-
vibes/2017/10/291284/headdress-transcends-society

The most famous and widely used is the songkok. Songkok or peci or
kopiah is a cap that has a shape of a truncated cone, usually made of black
or embroidered felt, cotton or velvet. Songkok sales are normally in demand
at the approach of Hari Raya, which is the festival celebrated to mark the
end of the fasting month of Ramadan. The value of songkok-wearing is
communicated to the young both at home and at school. Nowadays, people
have their option on wearing their songkok that is either to fulfill their
traditional religious requirements or not at all.

15
 Let Us Practice
Activity 2: Know Me Well

For conceptual understanding, here is an activity for you. Answer

the following questions in a separate sheet of paper. Be guided in the
Rubrics provided.

1. Give the distinctive characteristics of Loy Krathong Festival and Yi

Peng Festival.
2. What are the common crafts of Cambodia and Laos?
3. Why Vietnamese painting become popular?
4. How puppets in Indonesian shadow puppetry performed?
5. What are the three types of headgears in Brunei Darussalam?
Describe each.

Let Us Practice More

Activity 3: Collage Making

Collect pictures related to the different artworks of Southeast Asia.

You may print it or cut it out from the unused magazines or books then
paste it on a long bond paper. Show your understanding, appreciation, and
creativity through collage making.

Rubrics
Creativity 30%
Content 50%
Resourcefulness 20%
Total 100%

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 Lesson
Sculpture
3

Let Us Try!

Activity 1: Multiple Choice

Choose the best possible answer. Write only the letter of the correct
answer on your answer sheet.
1. What is the famous artwork in Singapore?
a. Angkor Wat c. Merlion
b. Batik d. Wau
2. What is the famous ancient temple in Cambodia?
a. Angkor Wat c. Merlion
b. Batik d. Wau
3. The skilled manual worker who makes arts and crafts using the
available resources in their locality is called ______.
a. Artisan c. Skillful
b. Artist d. Worker
4. The art of stone carving in ____ has long fascinating history which goes
back to the foundation of Khmer nation.
a. Brunei c. Indonesia
b. Cambodia d. Malaysia
5. Whose artisan use a variety of media in their sculpture creation.
a. Indonesian c. Singapore
b. Lao d. Vietnamese

Let Us Study

CAMBODIA

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 The art of stone carving has
flourished in Cambodia for many
thousands of years. From small
statues to the breathtaking carving
found at Angkor Wat, this art
medium has become one of the
country’s most cherished art forms.

Stone carving has been both a

passion and a livelihood for many
Cambodian sculptors. The art of
stone carving in Cambodia has a very
long fascinating history back to the
foundation of Khmer nation. https://owlcation.com/humanities/khmer-stone-carvings

THAILAND

Traditional Thai art is primarily

composed of Buddhist art and scenes
from the Indian Epics. Traditional Thai
sculpture almost exclusively depicts
image of the Buddha (a Thai bronze
sitting Buddha), being similar with the
other styles from Southeast Asia, such
as Khmer. Thai art was influenced by
indigenous civilization of the Mon and
Buddha Ruins Meditation Statue Thailand Buddhism,
Khmer.
https://www.maxpixel.net/Buddha-Ruins-Meditation-Statue-Thailand-
Buddhism-5410319

Thailand is world famous for

its sculpture that dates back 4,000
years. The most commonly used
materials are wood, stone, ivory,
clay and various metals

This famous sculpture in Wat

Pho in Bangkok is 46 meters long
and 15 meters high. It is made of
plaster on a brick core and finished Jorge Lascar, Wat Pho,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lascar_Gold_plated_Reclining_Buddha_(4
in gold leaf. The feet are inlaid with 6_meters_long_and_15_meters_high)_-_Wat_Pho_(4509721442).jpg

mother of pearl.

LAOS

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 The Buddha calling the earth to witness,
Jean Pierre Dalbera, Luang Phra Bang,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bu
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Le_
ddhaimage7.JPG
Bouddha_debout_(Vat_Xieng_Thong,_Luang_
Prabang)_(4337347850).jpg

Lao artisans use a variety of media in their sculpture creations.

Typically, the precious metals such as bronze, silver, and gold are used. The
most famous statue made of gold is the Phra Say of the sixteenth century.
Another famous sculpture in Laos is the Phra Bang which is also cast in
gold. It is traditionally believed that relics of the Buddha are contained in
the image.

VIETNAM

Vietnamese sculpture has been heavily influenced by the three

traditional religions: Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism, which come
from neighboring countries, China and India, mostly create stone Buddha
sculpture made in Marble.

Among the famous sculptures is the 10,000-year-old carvings which

can be seen on the Dong Noi cave.

The Dong Son culture is famous for its kettledrums, small carvings,
and home utensils which have handles sculpted in the shape of men,
elephants, toads, and tortoises.

INDONESIA

Indonesia is known for its stone, bronze, and iron-age arts (Stone
Arts). The sculptures can be found in the numerous archeological sites in
Sumatra, Java to Sulawesi. The native Indonesian tribes usually create
sculptures that depict ancestors, deities, and animals. This is evident in the
pre-Hindu-Buddhist and pre-Islamic sculptures from the tribes.

19
The following are the most amazing sculpture of Indonesia:

Asmat wooden sculpture of Papua

From the classical Hindu-
Buddhist era of Indonesia, the
most prominent sculptures are
the hundreds of meters of relief
and hundreds of stone Buddhas
at the temple of Borobudur in
Dayak wooden
Central Java.
mask
Purchase, Fred and Rita Richman Gift and
Rogers Fund, 2001, Ancestor figure,
https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/se
arch/318765
Today in Indonesia, the
richest, most elaborate, and
Tribalartasia.com, Bahau Hand carved ritual mask #4, vivid wooden sculpture and
http://www.tribalartasia.com/Tribal%20Art%20Asia
%20%20Dayak%20Tribe/DAYAK%204/DAYAK%20NE
wood carving traditions can be
W%20MASK%203.html
found in Bali and Jepara,
Central Java. Balinese
handicrafts such as
sculptures, masks, and other
Totem-like sculpture of Batak carving artworks are popular
souvenir items for tourists. The
Jepara wood carvings are
famous for their elaborately
carved wooden furniture,
folding screens, and
pilaminangebyok (wedding
throne with carved
background).

Nomo michael hoefner, Batak totem,

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File
:Batak_totem_09N9443.jpg,

https://www.slideshare.net/iamcarloluna/mapeh-8-arts-1st-
quarter-sculpture

20
MALAYSIA

Most of Malaysia’s sculptures

are relief. These are partially carved
into another surface. These
sculptures rely on a base to support
them and are combination of both
three and two-dimensional art forms.

Relief sculpture is a practiced

today by artists and architects, done
with stone, marble, bronze and many
other substances. https://www.pxfuel.com/en/search?q=carved+wall&page=17

There are three main types of relief sculptures:

is almost completely carved from its surface,

highly shaped, with little of the structure
touching if the base or plane will remove.

https://www.slideshare.net/iamcarloluna/mapeh-8-arts-1st-
quarter-sculpture

These are common as wall decorations on

Greek or Roman buildings and are the type
mostly seen on the Coliseum

https://www.slideshare.net/iamcarloluna/mapeh-8-arts-1st-
quarter-sculpture

An image that is carved into the surface

rather than out of it.

https://www.slideshare.net/kimradford/relief-sculpture-
presentation

21
 Relief wood carvings frequently adorn the doors, walls, and windows
of traditional Malay houses. Popular motifs of such relief carvings are the
various require a high degree of skill, patience, and determination.

SINGAPORE
The Sri Mariammam
Hindu Temple with sculptures
of different images is almost as
old as Singapore itself. This was
constructed and dedicated to
the goddess Mariammam who is
worshipped for her power to
cure disease. Its most
impressive gopuram (tower) over
the main entrance, which is
decorated with numerous Hindu
deities. Sri Mariammam Hindu Temple
https://ph.hotels.com/go/singapore/sri-mariamman-temple

The Merlion was conceived

because the Singapore Tourism Board
(STB) felt the country lacked a distinct
image representing the nation and its
history. They set out to fabricate an
icon, which could tap into the myths
and folklore of the area, many of
which features sea-beasts and magical
fish-creatures.
The Merlion is also partly
inspired by the story of how Singapore
got its name or “The Singapura Story”.
The Sentosa Merlion is the
Merlion of Singapore
biggest replica, standing at 37 Bjorn Christian Torrissen, Singapore Merlion

meters and made from glass- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Singapore_Merlion_BCT.jpg

reinforced concrete.

22
BRUNEI
Sculpture in Brunei takes on a
more utilitarian role than an aesthetic
one. The people of Brunei have a long
tradition as excellent craftsman using
bronze and silver to create adornments
and functional items such as bowls,
and tools, and the like.
Sculpting is one art form that is
not yet widely practiced in Brunei. Kurun, Sculpture Persiaran Damuan,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sculpture_Persiaran_Damuan.JPG

Let Us Practice

Activity 2: True or False

Write True if the statement is correct and write the correct word/s if
it is incorrect. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

1. Angkor Wat is the iconic ancient temple in Laos, which is the largest
religious monument in the world.
2. Merlion is the national symbol of the city-state of Singapore.
3. Sculpting is an art form widely prioritized in Brunei.
4. The three main types of relief sculptures are alto, bas, and sunken.
5. Vietnamese sculpture has been influenced by their neighboring
countries.
6. Indonesia known for its sculpture made in marble.
7. Cambodia artisan uses a variety of media in their sculpture creations.
8. Traditional art of Malaysia was centered on fields such as carving,
silversmithing and weaving.
9. The art of Myanmar primarily centers on the Buddha and is expressed
in sculpture, architecture, relief, murals, and carving.
10.Singapura is the original name of Singapore, which means ‘Tiger City’.

Let Us Practice More

Activity 3
Fill in the table with the necessary information. Write your answer in
a separate sheet of paper.

23
 Name of Fabric Designs Arts and Crafts Sculpture
Country

Thailand

Laos
Vietnam

Cambodia

Indonesia

Malaysia

Singapore

Let Us Assess
Activity 4: Assessment
Direction: Read and analyze each statement and write the letter of your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Stories of their history were woven, not written. This is according to
what tradition?
a. Cambodian c. Singaporean
b. Lao d. Vietnamese
2. What country used leaves and flowers as most common motifs of batik?
a. Brunei c. Indonesia
b. Cambodia d. Malaysia
3. Below are the different techniques used in Brunei’s batik. Which of
these does not belong to the group?
a. Airbrushing c. cracking
b. Bubble d. digital printing
4. What are the two main types of Cambodian weaving?
a. Ikat technique and Uneven twill
b. Geometric and Free Form
c. Mat weaving and Silk weaving
d. Shantung taffeta and Bengaline weave
5. The word batik is thought to be derived from what word?
a. Ambatik c. Kulit
b. Klowongan d. Putri
6. What is the famous artwork in Singapore?
a. Angkor Wat c. Merlion
b. Batik d. Wau
7. What is the famous ancient temple in Cambodia?

24
 a. Angkor Wat c. Merlion
b. Batik d. Wau
8. The skilled manual worker who makes arts and crafts using the
available resources in their locality is called ______.
a. Artisan c. Skillful
b. Artist d. Worker
9. The art of stone carving in ____ has long fascinating history which goes
back to the foundation of Khmer nation.
a. Brunei c. Indonesia
b. Cambodia d. Malaysia
10. Whose artisan use a variety of media in their sculpture creation.
a. Indonesian c. Singapore
b. Lao d. Vietnamese
11. Sky lantern is popular in what country?
a. Brunei c. Thailand
b. Cambodia d. Vietnam

12. What puppetry is Indonesia best known?

a. Wayang topeng c. Wayang gedog
b. Wayang wong d. Wayang kulit
13. Kite-making is a tradition that comes naturally from the people of___.
a. Cambodia c. Thailand
b. Malaysia d. Vietnam
14. What is the most famous and widely used headgear in Brunei?
a. Dastar c. Songkok
b. Sarok d. Tangkolok
15. What is the most popular form of arts in Vietnam?
a. Handicraft c. Lacquer painting
b. Photography d. Silk painting

25
 26
Activity 2
1.
Cambodia
2. true
Activity 3 3. not
4. true
Thailand – Khorat, Sky Lantern, Thai bronze sitting Buddha 5. true
6. stone arts
Laos – Sihn, Handicrafts, Buddha Statue of Wat Ho Phrakeo
7. Lao
Vietnam – Shantung taffeta, Silk painting, Stone Buddha 8. true
9. true
Cambodia – Krama, Handicrafts, Stone carving 10. lion
Indonesia – Batik, Wayang kulit, Balinese stone carving
Malaysia – Batik, Wau kite, Relief sculpture Activity 1
Singapore – Batik, Ceramics, Merlion 1. c
2. a
3. a
4. b
5. b
Lesson 3
Activity 1
1. c
2. d
3. b
4. c
5. d
Lesson 2
Activity 2 Activity 1
Lesson 1
Answer key
 References

Anido, Baldoz, et, al 2013Music and Arts of Asia Learner’s Module

Grade 8

Alteaven, Cherry Blossom, 28 April 2014,

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Batik_pattern_-_sakura.jpg,
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license

Alteaven, Contemporary inland batik from Solo, Indonesia,April 9,

2014, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Batik_pedalaman_-
_sidha_drajat.JPG, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
license.
Alteaven, Egret, April 28, 2014
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Batik_pattern_-_bangau.jpg,
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.

Ben Klocek, Thai silk, December 12, 2006,

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thai_silk.jpg, Creative Commons
Attribution 2.0 Generic license.

Bjorn Christian Torrissen, Singapore Merlion

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Singapore_Merlion_BCT.jpg,
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
Buddha Ruins Meditation Statue Thailand Buddhism,
https://www.maxpixel.net/Buddha-Ruins-Meditation-Statue-Thailand-
Buddhism-5410319, License use Creative Commons Zero - CC0

Calliope Jen, Cambodian woman weaving silk at a wat outside of Siem

Reap, July 2007,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cambodia_weaving.jpg, Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International, 3.0 Unported, 2.5
Generic, 2.0 Generic and 1.0 Generic license.

CEphoto, Uwe Aranas, Semporna, Sabah: A Bajau boy with the

Songkok, a traditional headgear. (Photo taken at the opening of Tun
Sakaran Museum), April 25,
2015https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Semporna_Sabah_Malay-
Boy-with-Songkok-01.jpg

Essenziale, A special pen that people use for drawing batik, May 3,
2016, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tjanting.jpg,Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license.

27
 Ian Alexander, Selection of Tjap printing blocks with traditional Batik
patterns, 1996,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Selection_of_Tjap_printing_block
s_with_traditional_Batik_patterns.jpg, Creative Commons Attribution-Share
Alike 3.0 Unported license.

Jean Pierre Dalbera, Luang Phra Bang,

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Le_Bouddha_debout_(Vat_Xieng_
Thong,_Luang_Prabang)_(4337347850).jpg, Creative Commons Attribution-
ShareAlike License

Jorge Lascar, Wat Pho,

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lascar_Gold_plated_Reclining_B
uddha_(46_meters_long_and_15_meters_high)_-
_Wat_Pho_(4509721442).jpg, Creative Commons Attribution 2.0

Krama Khmer, Un krama, February13,

2014https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Krama_Baseth_ou_krama_T
hleah.jpg, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
license.

Nomo michael hoefner, Batak totem,

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Batak_totem_09N9443.jpg,
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
Praziquantel, Singapore Airlines flight attendants, February 4, 2004,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Singapore_Airlines_flight_attenda
nts.jpg, Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.

Piseth1, Artisan meticulously tightening-up knots to protect some

parts from dyes, March 18, 2013,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ikat_technique_in_Cambodia.jpg,
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license

PTD Phonsavan, Phuan Girls in traditional clothes,

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phuan_Girls.JPG, Creative
Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license.

Relief at the Bayon temple in Angkor, Cambodia depicting the Khmer

and Cham armies going to war (circa the late 12th or early 13th century).
Manfred Werner/Tsui-Wikimedia Commons.

The Buddha calling the earth to witness,

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Buddhaimage7.JPG, Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0

28
 Zainal Abidin Ibrahim, The Search for identity for Brunei’s Batik, June
2009, 14. http://batikbrunei.blogspot.com/2014/07/the-search-for-
identity-in-brunei-batik.html

https://tinkerlab.com/how-to-make-sun-prints-fabric/

29
30