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IDENTIFICATION OF GUCI, TEGAL, CENTRAL JAVA GEOTHERMAL

MANIFESTATION BASED ON GEOLOGICAL GUIDE

Conference Paper · September 2019

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PROCEEDINGS, The 7th Indonesia International Geothermal Convention & Exhibition (IIGCE) 2019
Assembly Hall - Jakarta Convention Center Indonesia, September 13 - 15, 2019
IDENTIFICATION OF GUCI, TEGAL, CENTRAL JAVA GEOTHERMAL
MANIFESTATION BASED ON GEOLOGICAL GUIDE
Arhananta1) Anggita Mahyudani Rkt1) Antu Ridha Falkhan Barizi1) Riko Dwi Kurniawan1) Oscarino Hunaifi
Ahmad1) Agus Harjanto1)
1)
Undergraduated Student of Geological Engineering, University of Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran”
Yogyakarta
2)
Lecture of Geological Engineering, University of Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta
Jl. SWK No.104, Condongcatur, Depok, Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta 55283
e-mail: arhananta@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Research on the geothermal, geochemical and
geophysical survey of Mount Slamet in the range of
2006-2018 only discussed on a regional scale, but no
one has discussed in detail how the geothermal
manifestation of the Guci area, Tegal, Central Java.
The research method consists of imagery
interpretation, secondary geophysical data including
data on resistivity, magnetotelluric, and tremor,
radon geochemical data, and hot water, then
continued with a field check covering measuring
section and sampling. A three-dimensional and
spatial kriging model of manifestation was made
after that. Volcanic rocks found in Guci and its
surrounding are alterated between lava and altered
lahar breccia. These rocks are classified into the
products of Mount Slamet if compared to the
volcanic rock units that are on the geological map of
the sheets of Purwokerto and Tegal which most of
them is old lava and a small portion of young lava
that generally extends on the river. The types of
manifestation that appear on the surface are
alteration and hot water. Based on imagery
observation, the manifestation are located in Old
Slamet Volcano, forming a volcanic texture with a
rough texture, and there is a certain fault pattern that
traverses Northwest-Southeast trending which cut
the body of Old Slamet Mountain. The lineament of
the Northwest-Southeast trending structure
generally control the activity of the Old Slamet
Mountain or the Mingkrik Complex. Based on the
interpretation of Radon secondary data, it is
interpreted that the Guci area has high permeability.
The high concentration of Radon gas indicates the
presence of Radon gas migration media to the
surface. Hot water manifestation of Guci lies in the
lineament of the Northwest-Southeast trending
structure according to resistivity and
magnetotelluric data which is interpreted as a
normal fault.
Keywords: Guci, Geological Guide, Identification,
Manifestation.
INTRODUCTON
Background
In Indonesia, Geothermal has 312 potential points,
67 work areas, with total electricity generated
28,910 MWe. (EBTKE, 2016). Mount Slamet is one
of the possible volcanoes as geothermal power
plants (PLTG) (Widagdo et al., 2013). Geothermal
is controlled by the presence of heat sources, rock
nests (reservoirs) and cap rocks, and the presence of
meteoric water and permeability of primary and
secondary rocks such as fractures and faults
(Wardhana et al., 2017). Light hot water or mild
steam will move up to the surface of the earth
through a faulty or rigid path which is a water pass
zone in the form of hot springs, fumaroles and
sulfatara (Indarto et al., 2017). The geological
structure that develops in the Mount Slamet complex
which is relatively NW-SE, and N-S intersects the
Guci area (Permana et al, 2014). The line was
strengthened by Nurohman's (2014) study, which
said the radon content (Rn) measured in the Guci
and Kalipedes areas was of high value - quite high,
showed high permeability - was quite high, ie> 40
dpm / L. The instructions for the existence of a
geological control structure are also strengthened by
Wardhana (2017) and Gaffar (2018) research
through geophysical methods. In fact there are still
two controls in geology, that is geomorphology and
lithology-stratigraphy, therefore the authors
conducted this study in identifying the
manifestations of hot water in the Guci region.
Study Area
The research location is located in Guci, Tegal,
Central Java, Indonesia. (figure1)
Figure 1 Study Area
Method
The research method consisted of image
interpretation including the SRTM DEM map and
Google Earth, secondary geophysical data including
data on resistivity, magnetotelluric, tremor data,
radon geochemical data, and hot water, then
continued with a field check. Finally, a three-
dimensional and spatial kriging model of
manifestation is made.
GEOLOGY
Geomorphology
Based on topography and flow patterns, the
morphology of Mount Slamet is divided into 2 main
parts, namely the morphology of the old slamet
mountain and the young slamet mountain. The old
slamet mountain composes the western part and the
young slamet mountain composes the eastern part of
the map. Old Slamet Mountain forms the slope
morphology and volcanic foot by showing irregular
morphological shapes with rough reliefs and
developing dendritic flow patterns with river stadia
on young stadia, river valleys in the form of letters
"V" with steep slopes. Young slamet mountain
consists of conical morphology, mountain body,
mountain foot, and cinder cone. The cone
morphology is the peak of a young volcano, the
mountain body occupies the south - east and north
side, at the bottom of the cone section. The foot of
the mountain, extending from the south - east and
north, the cinder cone, develops in the east of the
map with the form of regular slopes and fine reliefs.
In the eastern part of the young slamet mountain
peak, there is a volcanic cone peak which is the
highest point of slamet mountain which is 3432
masl. The flow pattern that develops on this young
slamet body is radial which centers on the slamet
mountain peak.
Stratigraphy
The lithology found on the slamet of the slope is
composed of slamet mountain lava (Qvls),
unraveled slamet volcanic rocks (Qvs) and slamet
mountain lava deposits (Qls). Slamet Mountain
Lava (Qvls) consists of andesite lava, young
volcanic breccia (eastern part), unregulated slamet
volcanic rock (Qvs) consisting of volcanic breccia,
lava, old volcanic tuff (western part) and slamet
mountain lava (Qls) consists of lava, andesite-basalt
bong which is a distribution of young and old
volcanic materials and Linggodopo (Qpl)
formations composed of volcanic breccia, old
volcanic tuff and lava and G.copet. The lithology
that surrounds the slopes of the Islamet is thought to
be a scattered basement of various rock formations,
such as the Pemali Formation (Tmp), Beetle
Formation, Kaliglagah Formation (Tpk), Tread
Formation (Tpt), Tract Formation (Tmr), Halang
Formation (Tmph)
The Pemali Formation (Tmp) consists of globigerina
marl with light gray and greenish gray color, inserts
with sandstone limestone, tuffaceous sandstones and
coarse sandstones. Generally a monotonous gray
claystone, the bottom is not exposed. Thickness
more than 900 m.
The Kumbang Formation (Tmpk) consists of
breccia, andesite and tuff lava, in some places there
are pumice breccia and passive tuffs, revealed both
in G.Kumbang, 2,000 m thick. The Rambat
Formation (Tmr), consisting of side sandstones and
conglomerates that intersect with several thin layers
of napal and shale at the bottom of this formation.
Whereas at the top, this formation consists of side
grains of light gray to grayish blue, the thickness of
this layer is about 300 meters. This formation is
Lower Miocene (Van Bemmelen, 1949) and
overlaps the Pemali Formation in harmony. The
Halang Formation (Tmph) consists of turbidite
sedimentary rocks with sedimentary structures such
as coating, convolute lamination, flutecast, etc.
which are clearly visible. In some locations found
coral limestone at the top of this formation which is
a member of the limestone (Tmhl). This formation
was formed in the Middle Miocene (Van Bemmelen,
1949) with an estimated thickness of 2,400 meters.
The Tapak Formation is composed of graded
greenish coarse sandstones to greenish sandstones at
the top with a few inserts of gray sand to yellowish
gray. At the top there are coral limestones as
members of the Tread Formation (Tptl). This
formation is Pliocene with a maximum thickness of
500 meters. The Kaliglagah (TPp) Formation is
composed of claystone, marl, sandstones and
conglomerates in several places where the lignite
lens is 10-100cm thick.
Geological Structure
The main structures that develop in the study area
are divided into the northeast, north and southwest
of the map. In the northeastern part there is a main
structure, namely horizontal faults and drifting with
a relative northeast orientation - southwest, a
northern part in the form of a horizontal fault with a
northwest - southeast orientation which cuts
syncline oriented northeast-southeast, the
northwest-southeast line is interpreted as (horizontal
drift fault), the alignment of the northeast-southwest
orientation is interpreted as a horizontal fault fault
and the upward fault as the accompanying structure
of horizontal drift fault, and the southwest part is
northeast oriented - southwest (fault fault) which
cuts old slamet mountain and straightness north-
west orientation (drifting fault)..
 Figure 2 Geological map of study area (Djuri et al, 1996)

RESULT Slamet at an altitude of 3432 masl located on the east

Geomorphological Control side of the peak of Mount Slamet Muda. The
drainage pattern on the body of the Slamet Muda
Based on Google Earth's interpretation and referring Volcano is a radial centered on the summit of Mount
to Widagdo (2013) The morphology of Slamet Slamet.
Mountain volcano can be divided into two main
morphological groups (Figure 3). These two main
morphologies are:
1. Morphology of Old Slamet Mountain; compose
the west part of Mount Slamet.
2. Morphology of Young Mount Slamet; occupying
the east part of Mount Slamet.
This geomorphology unit of the young Mount
Slamet can be subdivided into:
1. Morphology Cones, is the peak of a young
volcano.
2. Morphology The body of a mountain, occupying
the south-east and north sides, is at the bottom of the
conical bag.
3. Morphology Mountain feet, stretching on the
south-east and north sides.
4. Cinder's Cone Morphology, especially developed
in the east of Mount Slamet. Figure 3 Geomorphology of study area
The appearance of the Old Slamet Mountain in the
west shows an irregularly morphological form with Lithology-Stratigraphic Control
coarse relief (Figure 3). The flow pattern that The hot springs in the research area appear on the
develops in the body of this Slamet Ancient contact between the volcanic breccia and the
Mountain is dendritic with the river stadia on the underlying lava and controlled by the structural
geology with the linement of the northwest-
young stadia, the valley of the river shaped "V" southeast (N130oE) directed structure at the
which with a steep slope. The east part of young Baturaden and Guci area (Indarto, 2017)..
Mount Slamet in is a volcanic cone morphology According Wardhana (2017) based on subsurface
with a regular slope shape with a smooth relief. Peak analysis in the cross section of the MT
volcanic cone which is the highest point in Mount (Magnetotelluric) geothermal reservoir has a
tendency to have a low resistivity level (green) forms a depression (graben) (Pratomo et al., 2012),
which is interpreted by volcanic rocks. At the top of and based on geological data was filled by the
the reservoir there is a cover rock which has a very Young Mount Slamet deposit. (Bronto et al., 2010,
low resistivity level (yellow-red) which is vide Pratomo & Hendrasto, 2012; Djuri et al., 1996).
interpreted as fine-grained rock. Whereas the heat
source which has a high resistivity level (Bluish) is
interpreted as igneous rock. As in the picture above,
in the Jars Depression in accordance with the cross
section of the magnetoteluric resistance model, the
cross section consists of four geothermal features
including rock cap, reservoir, heat source, and
basement.

Figure 5 Structural linement interpretation based on

DEM SRTM

Figure 3 2D MT Section Model (Wardhana, 2017)

Geological Structure Control

Figure 4 Linement Map of Guci Figure 6 Linement Density Map of Mount Slamet

This map is derived from drawing a straightness on This map is a linement density map obtained based
a topographic map based on its morphological on the dataset data sheets on Mount Slamet. Viewed
alignment. From the map we can see that in Guci from the color on the contour where the green color
area there are many straightness as identification of is an area with a small density, while the red color
cesarean structure that developed there quite a lot. indicates the density of many structural straightness.
The result of DEM SRTM Mount Slamet Can be seen on the map of the north precisely on the
morphostructure analysis (Figure 4.3) shows that the area Guci has a high straightness density and
structure of Mount Slamet Complex is controlled by become one of the geothermal manifestations in the
:The northwest-southeast and west-east structures area. As has been explained in previous research that
linement was thought to play a role in controlling the Trap on Mount Slamet area is Normal Fault.
activities of the old Mount Slamet or the Mingkrik
Mountain Complex, the northwest-southeast. Which
controls the activity of young volcanic The hot
spring Guci appears to the surface in a region that is
controlled by the north-west direction. The Guci
area which lies to the northwest of G. Slamet's body
has undergone a volcano-tectonic deformation that
 Tegal, Jawa. Skala 1:100.000. Pusat Survei
Geologi. Bandung.

Indarto sri et al .2017. Struktur Geologi dan Litologi

sebagai Kontrol Munculnya Mataair Panas
Guci dan Baturaden, Jawa Tengah. Jurnal
RISET Geologi dan Pertambangan, Vol.27,
No.1, Juni 2017,97-109

Nurohman, H et al. 2014. Konsentrasi Radon di

Sekitar Manifestasi Panasbumi Gunung
Slamet, Jawa Tengah. Prosiding Pemaparan
Hasil Penelitian Pusat Penelitian Geoteknologi
LIPI.

Permana Haryadi, Sudarsono dan Sri Indarto. 2014.

Studi Morfostratigrafi Dan Morfostruktur:
Studi Kasus Prospek Lapangan Panasbumi
Guci, Tegal, Jawa Tengah. Prosiding
Pemaparan Hasil Penelitian Pusat Penelitian
Geoteknologi Lipi Tahun 2014.

Situmorang, T. 2008. Laporan Pekerjaan:

Interpretasi Foto Udara dan Landsat, WKP
Panasbumi Guci. Jawa Tengah (non-
publikasi).
Figure 7 Magnetotelluric data interpretation ( Wardhana, Dadan et al,. 2017. Pencitraan Tahanan
Modificated by Wardhana, 2017) Jenis Bawah Permukaan Di Area Prospek
Panas Bumi Gunung Slamet Berdasarkan Data
From the interpretation of the magnetotelluric data, Magnetotelurik. Jurnal RISET Geologi dan
it is found that from the line of the north-east- Pertambangan, Vol.27, No.1, Juni 2017, 111 –
southeast linement it is found that the normal faults 121
has Northeast to the Southwest linement of the
cross-cut path to the source of heat where the fault Widagdo Asmor et al. 2013. Pengaruh Struktur
cuts to the source rock. Geologi Gunung Slamet Muda dan Tua
Terhadap Pola Sebaran Panas Bumi. Bandung
CONCLUSSION : IRWNS
The distribution of the geomorphological landform
of Mount Slamet is controlled by lithology and
geological structures.
The geological structure with NW-SE direction
controls the pattern of distribution of litilogy,
manifestations, and the form of origin of young and
old slamet.
The form of old slamet volcanic origin controls the
manifestation of Guci hot water.
Volcanoclastic rocks become reservoirs and
caprock, while igneous rocks become a source of
heat

REFERENCES
Al Kausar Andrie. 2014. Batuan Volkanik
Kaitannya Dengan Terjadinya Manifestasi
Panas Bumi Di Permukaan, Daerah Guci,
Tegal, Jawa Tengah. Prosiding Pemaparan
Hasil Penelitian Pusat Penelitian Geoteknologi
LIPI : 2014

Djuri, M., Samodra, H., Amin, T.C., dan Gafoer, S.,

1996. Peta Geologi Lembar Purwokerto dan

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