La Consolacion College - Caloocan

496 A. Mabini St. 10 th Ave., Caloocan City

PAASCU Accredited Level III (GS) Level III (HS)

Senior High School Department

MODULE IN GENERAL PHYSICS 1

MODULE 5: KINEMATIC QUANTITIES

I. Introduction
● You are surrounded by many things that move in different directions. You can
see motion in natural events such as in drifting clouds, falling rain, swaying
trees, and flowing streams of water. Motion can also be observed in the
activities of people who walk, jog, play their favorite sports or drive cars,
buses, and other vehicles. How fast is fast, and how slow is slow? This
chapter deals with kinematics. You will learn the concepts used by scientists
to describe motion.

II. Competencies
The learners…
● Convert a verbal description of a physical situation involving uniform
acceleration in one dimension into a mathematical description.
● Interpret displacement and velocity, respectively, as areas under velocity vs.
time and acceleration vs. time curves.
● Interpret velocity and acceleration, respectively, as slopes of position vs.
time-graph and velocity vs. time graph and vice versa.

III. Specific Objectives

At the end of the module, the learners can:
● Distinguish distance from displacement, and speed from velocity
● Compute the speed, velocity, and acceleration of moving bodies.

IV. Lesson Inputs

a. PowerPoint presentation via ZOOM screenshare
b. David, O. M. (2020). General Physics 1 (Second Edition). Makati City: Diwa
Learning System Inc.
c. Genyo; E-Learning Platform
d. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sA2zYD2A45c

V. Learning Activities
Online Interactive Discussion
1. Introduce Mechanics as a branch of physics that concerned with the study of
motion. Differentiate Kinematics as the mathematical description of motion and
Dynamics as the study of the cause of motion. Then define motion as a
continuous change of position with respect to a certain reference point.

2. Discuss the Types of Motion:

 ● Linear Motion- motion in a straight line.
● Projectile Motion- the motion of a projectile or a body in a curved path with
constant acceleration.
● Circular Motion- the motion of a body along a circle.
● Rotational Motion- the motion of a body turning around an axis.
● Oscillating motion- is swinging from side to side.

3. Potion and Point of Reference. Position is the fundamental concept in

describing the motion of object. It is the location of a body in space with
reference to a fixed point. Point of Reference is the object or background used
for comparing different positions of an object. The learners will watch a video
about position and reference frame.

4. Distance vs. Displacement. Distance refers to the total length of a path and is a
scalar quantity. It answers the question how far? Displacement refers to the
straight-line distance between the starting points and a vector quantity. Then it
answers the question how far and in what direction? The pictures below may be
used to differentiate distance and displacement.

5. Speed vs. Velocity. Speed describe how fast or how slow a body moves. It
answers the question how fast? It is the distance traveled divided by the time of
travel; therefore, we will have the formula of:
𝑑
𝑣𝑠 = 𝑡

Speed at a particular moment is called instantaneous speed. The ratio of the total
distance covered, and the total amount of time traveled is called average speed.

Example #1: In the 1980s, one of Asia’s fastest running women was a Filipino
athlete named Lydia de Vega. In the 100-meter dash event in 1986 in Seoul,
South Korea, she was clocked 11. 53 s. Find her average speed.
G: d = 100 m
t = 11.53 s
U: 𝑣𝑠 =?
𝑑
F: 𝑣𝑠 = 𝑡

100 𝑚
S: 𝑣𝑠 = 11.53 𝑠

A: 𝑣𝑠 = 8. 67 𝑚/𝑠
Velocity is the quantity that contains both the speed and the direction of motion of
a body. It describes how fast and in what direction?
𝑑
𝑣= 𝑡

Average velocity of the body in motion is defined as the total displacement of the
moving body divided by the time it takes for that displacement.

When an object is moving in a circle with constant speed, the direction of its
motion is always changing (tangent to the circular path). Therefore, its speed is
constant, but its velocity is changing. This concept, called uniform circular
motion.

Example 2: A car travels 40 km from Manila to town in Laguna (south). Assume

that the car traveled in constant speed. What is its average speed (in km/hr) if
traveling time is from 7:00 am to 7:30 am? Its average velocity (km/h)? Suppose
that after a business talk with a friend, the driver of the car drives straight back to
Manila from 11:55 am to 12:20 pm. What was the car’s average speed (km/hr)
during the round trip? Its average velocity (km/h)?

Given:
𝑑1 = 40 𝑘𝑚 (1𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝)

𝑑2 = 40 𝑘𝑚 (𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝)

𝑡1 = 30 𝑚𝑖𝑛 (1𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝)

𝑡2 = 25 𝑚𝑖𝑛 (𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝)

Unknown:
a. Speed 1st trip in km/h
b. Velocity 1st trip in km/h
c. Speed round trip in km/h
d. Velocity round trip in km/h

Formula:
𝑑
𝑣𝑠 = 𝑡

𝑑
𝑣= 𝑡

Solution for A:
40 𝑘𝑚
𝑣𝑠 = 0.5 ℎ

𝑘𝑚
𝑣𝑠 = 80 ℎ

Solution for B:
−40 𝑘𝑚
𝑣= 0.5 ℎ

𝑘𝑚
𝑣 =− 80 ℎ
 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑙𝑎 𝑡𝑜 𝐿𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑎

𝑘𝑚
𝑣 = 80 ℎ
 𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ
 Solution for C:
𝑑1 + 𝑑2 = 40 𝑘𝑚 + 40 𝑘𝑚 = 80 𝑘𝑚

𝑡1 + 𝑡2 = 30 𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 25 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 55 𝑚𝑖𝑛

80 𝑘𝑚
𝑣𝑠 = 55 𝑚𝑖𝑛

𝑘𝑚
𝑣𝑠 = 1. 45 𝑚𝑖𝑛

𝑘𝑚 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑘𝑚
1. 45 𝑚𝑖𝑛
× 1 ℎ
= 87 ℎ

Solution for D:
𝑑1 + 𝑑2 = 40 𝑘𝑚 + (− 40 𝑘𝑚) = 0 𝑘𝑚

𝑡1 + 𝑡2 = 30 𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 25 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 55 𝑚𝑖𝑛

0 𝑘𝑚
𝑣= 55 𝑚𝑖𝑛

𝑘𝑚
𝑣= 0 ℎ

Comparison with Speed and Velocity

6. Acceleration. It is the measure of how fast or slow velocity changes. A body

accelerates whenever there is a change in speed, a change in the direction of
motion of the body, or a change in both speed and direction.
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑝𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

∆𝑣 𝑣𝑓−𝑣𝑜
𝑎= ∆𝑡
= ∆𝑡

Where 𝑣𝑓 and 𝑣𝑜 are the final and initial velocities, respectively, and ∆𝑡 is the
elapsed time.
When a body speeds up, its final velocity is greater than its initial velocity.
Therefore, the acceleration is positive.
The acceleration is negative when a body slows down, it is called deceleration.
Example #3
Consider the previous example. Suppose Lydia de Vega attained a speed of 6
m/s after 2 s from the start of the race. Solve the following problems using the
given information.
a. What is her average acceleration during this time interval?
b. Suppose she attained a speed of 10 m/s after 8 s from the start of the
race. What is her average acceleration during the 2- to 8-second time
interval?
GUFSA for A
Given:
𝑚
𝑣𝑜 = 0 𝑠

𝑚
𝑣𝑓 = 6 𝑠

𝑡 = 2 𝑠
Unknown:
𝑎 =  ?
Formula:
𝑣𝑓−𝑣𝑜
𝑎=  ∆𝑡

Solution:
𝑚 𝑚
6 𝑠
−0 𝑠
𝑎=  2 𝑠

Answer:
2
𝑎 = 3 𝑚/𝑠
GUFSA for B
Given:
𝑚
𝑣𝑜 = 6 𝑠

𝑚
𝑣𝑓 = 10 𝑠

𝑡𝑜 = 2 𝑠

𝑡 = 8 𝑠
Unknown:
𝑎 =  ?
Formula:
𝑣𝑓−𝑣𝑜
𝑎=  ∆𝑡

Solution:
𝑚 𝑚
10 𝑠
−6 𝑠
𝑎=  8 𝑠−2 𝑠

Answer:
2
𝑎 = 0. 67 𝑚/𝑠
GUFSA for C
 Given:
𝑚
𝑣𝑜 = 10 𝑠

𝑚
𝑣𝑓 = 7 𝑠

𝑡 = 2 𝑠
Unknown:
𝑎 =  ?
Formula:
𝑣𝑓−𝑣𝑜
𝑎=  ∆𝑡

Solution:
𝑚 𝑚
7  𝑠
−10 𝑠
𝑎=  2 𝑠

Answer:
2
𝑎 =− 1. 50 𝑚/𝑠

Assessment
● Set of activities will be given to the students attached herewith.
● 10 items quiz will be given on Genyo.