TechtutoR Academy

Electrical Circuits
Sheet-4 (Max. Power Transfer Theorem)
Revision-01 as on 23 March 2021

If found any error/mistake

➢ SMS/Phone Call 01914309373

➢ Whatsapp 01759117003
➢ facebook gv‡R`yi ingvb
➢ gmail: techtutoracademy@gmail.com
➢ Website: www.techtutoracademy.com
 DC Circuit
The maximum power transfer theorem states that,
“A load will receive maximum power from a linear bilateral dc network
when its total resistive value is exactly equal to the Thévenin resistance of
the network”.

For the network of Fig., maximum power will be delivered to the load when 𝑹𝑳 = 𝑹𝒕𝒉 .

(‡Kvb †jv‡W m‡ev©”P cvIqvi UªvÝdvi n‡e hLb H ‡jv‡Wi †iva mvwK©‡Ui Af¨šÍixb †iv‡ai mgvb n‡e| mvwK©‡Ui Af¨šÍixb †iva †_‡fwbbÕm
Gi mgZ~j¨ †iv‡ai mgvb| D‡jøL¨, ‡jv‡Wi †iva Aek¨B cwieZ©bkxj n‡Z n‡e|)

𝐸𝑡ℎ
𝐼𝐿 = 𝑅
𝑡ℎ +𝑅𝐿

𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐼𝐿2 𝑅𝐿
𝐸𝑡ℎ 2
= (𝑅 ) × 𝑅𝐿
𝑡ℎ +𝑅𝐿

𝐸𝑡ℎ 2
=( ) × 𝑅𝑡ℎ
𝑅𝑡ℎ +𝑅𝑡ℎ

𝐸2
= 4𝑅𝑡ℎ
𝑡ℎ

D`vniYt Find the value of 𝑹𝟏 for maximum power being transferred through 50Ω. RPGCL-17 [Ans. 0 ohm]

𝑅1 50Ω

100𝑉 50Ω 50Ω

TechtutoR Academy 01914309373

2
 e¨wZµg
‡jvW †iwR÷¨vÝ hw` cwieZ©bkxj bv nq (A_©¨vr cÖ‡kœ hw` †jvW †iwR÷¨v‡Ýi gvb D‡jøL _v‡K) Ges mvwK©‡Ui Af¨šÍixb †iv‡ai ‡Kvb GKwU
2
𝐸𝑡ℎ
cwieZ©bkxj nq Z‡e 𝑹𝑳 = 𝑹𝒕𝒉 kZ©wU cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e bv| G‡ÿ‡Î m‡ev©”P cvIqvi UªvÝdv‡ii 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = m~ÎwUI cÖ‡hvR¨ bq|
4𝑅𝑡ℎ

D`vniYt Find the variable resistance 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑗 for which max. power will be transferred to load
resistance 𝑅𝐿 . Also find the max. power that can be transferred to the load resistance 𝑅𝐿 .
BGFCL-17, BCIC-16
𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑗
50Ω

100𝑉 100Ω 𝑅𝐿 = 100Ω

Zv n‡j Dcvq???
𝑉𝐿2
‡h‡nZz 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐼𝐿2 𝑅𝐿 = A_©vr †jv‡Wi AvovAvwo †fv‡ëR (𝑉𝐿 ) hZ †ewk n‡e, †jv‡W ZZ †ewk cvIqvi UªvÝdvi n‡e| †_‡fwbb
𝑅𝐿

†iwR÷¨vÝ hZ Kg n‡e †jv‡Wi AvovAvwo †fv‡ëR (𝑉𝐿 ) hZ †ewk n‡e|

G‡ÿ‡Î cwieZ©bkxj Af¨šÍixb †ivawUi gvb k~b¨ n‡e|

𝑉2
Ges m‡ev©”P cvIqvi Gi m~Î n‡e 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑅𝐿 A_ev, 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐼𝐿2 𝑅𝐿
𝐿

𝐸𝑡ℎ 2
= (𝑅 ) × 𝑅𝐿
𝑡ℎ +𝑅𝐿

TechtutoR Academy 01914309373

3
1. Determine the value of 𝑅𝐿 that will draw the maximum power from the rest of the circuit in Fig.. Calculate
the max. power. BUET MSc-13

Solution:
−𝑉𝑥 −𝑉𝑥 −3𝑉𝑥 −𝑉𝑥 −1
2
+ 1
+ 4
=0

−1
𝑉𝑥 = 19
𝑉

1+𝑉𝑥 9
𝑖0 = 4
= 38 𝐴

38
∴ 𝑅𝑡ℎ = 1𝑉⁄𝑖 = 9
𝛺 = RL
0

𝑉𝑥 = 9 − 𝑉𝑡ℎ
𝑉𝑡ℎ −9 𝑉 −3𝑉
2
+ 𝑡ℎ 1 𝑥 =0

𝑉𝑡ℎ −9 𝑉 −3(9−𝑉 )
2
+ 𝑡ℎ 1 𝑡ℎ =0

𝑉𝑡ℎ = 7 𝑉

𝑉2 72
∴ 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 4𝑅𝑡ℎ = 38 = 2.90 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡
𝑡ℎ 4×
9

2. Find the maximum power that can be delivered to resistor R in the circuit.

2×(3+5)
𝑅𝑡ℎ = 2+(3+5) = 1.6Ω

By performing source transformation on the given circuit, we obtain the circuit in below. We now use this to
find 𝑉𝑡ℎ .

10𝑖 + 30 + 20 + 10 = 0,

𝑜𝑟 𝑖 = – 6

𝑉𝑡ℎ + 10 + 2𝑖 = 0

𝑉𝑡ℎ = 2 𝑉

V2 4
Pmax = 4Rth = 4×1.6 = 625𝑚𝑊
th

TechtutoR Academy 01914309373

4
3. Compute the value of R that results in max. power to the 10 ohm resistor. Find the max. power. BAPEX-16

Solution:

Removing the 10 ohm resistor and solving for the Thevenin Circuit results in:

R = (Rx20/(R+20))
𝑅×20 20
𝑅𝑡ℎ = 𝑅+20 and 𝑉𝑡ℎ = 12 × 𝑅+20 − 8

Max. power will be transferred only if 𝑅 = 0Ω.

As R goes to zero, 𝑅𝑡ℎ goes to zero and 𝑉𝑡ℎ goes to 4 volts, which produces the maximum power delivered
to the 10-ohm resistor.

(4)2
∴ 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 10
= 1.6 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡

4. Find the value of 𝑅1 for maximum power being transferred through 50Ω. RPGCL-17 [Ans. 0 ohm]

𝑅1 50Ω
𝑅1 50Ω

100𝑉 50Ω 50Ω

50Ω 𝑅𝑡ℎ

Solution:

𝑅𝐿 = 50Ω

𝑅𝑡ℎ = 𝑅𝐿 = 50Ω

(𝑅1 ∥ 50) + 50 = 50

𝑅1 = 0 Ω

TechtutoR Academy 01914309373

5
5. Find the variable resistance 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑗 for which max. power will be transferred to load resistance 𝑅𝐿 . Also find
the max. power that can be transferred to the load resistance 𝑅𝐿 . BGFCL-17, BCIC-16

𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 0Ω
50Ω

100Ω 𝑅𝑡ℎ

Solution:

𝑅𝐿 = 100Ω

Since 𝑅𝐿 is fixed, max. power will be transferred only if 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 0 Ω 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 0Ω

50Ω
0×100
Now, 𝑅𝑡ℎ = 0+100 + 50 = 50Ω

100𝑉 100Ω 𝑉𝑡ℎ

Now, 𝑉𝑡ℎ = 100𝑉

100
𝑉𝐿 = 100 × = 66.67𝑉
100+50

𝑉𝐿2 66.672
∴ 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑖𝑠 = = 44.44𝑊
𝑅𝐿 100

6. Find the max. power transferred to resistor R in the circuit. DNCC-16 [Ans. -1.3636kohm, -243.6V, infinite
power due to negetive value of load resistance]. Sadiku Exercise 4.69

Assume that all resistances are in k ohms and all currents are in mA. 10||40 = 8, and 8 + 22 = 30
𝑉 𝑉 𝑉
1 + 3𝑉𝑜 = 301 + 301 = 151

15 + 45𝑉0 = 𝑉1
8𝑉1
But 𝑉0 = 30

Which leads 𝑉1 = −1.3636𝑉

𝑉
𝑅𝑡ℎ = 1𝐴1 = −1.3636Ω

RTh being negative indicates an active circuit and if you now make R equal to 1.3636 k ohms, then the
active circuit will actually try to supply infinite power to the resistor. The correct answer is therefore:

𝑉𝑡ℎ 2 𝑉2𝑡ℎ
𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (𝑅 ) = −1363.6+1363.6 =∝
𝑡ℎ +𝑅𝐿

TechtutoR Academy 01914309373

6
7. In the following circuit, what is the load resistance at maximum power transfer condition to it? Calculate
the maximum power. EGCB-12

𝑅𝑡ℎ = 𝑅𝐿

2 + 10 + 3 = 𝑅𝐿

∴ 𝑅𝐿 = 15Ω

𝑉𝑡ℎ + 68 − 10 × 6 = 0

𝑉𝑡ℎ = −8𝑉
2
𝑉𝑡ℎ −82
𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 1.06𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡
4𝑅𝑡ℎ 4×15

8. Find maximum power of 𝑅𝐿 . WASA-11

4×4
𝑅𝑡ℎ = 4+4 + 1 + 2 = 5Ω
Or,
𝑅𝐿 = 𝑅𝑡ℎ = 5Ω
4 − 4𝐼 − 8 − 4𝐼 = 0
𝑉0 −8 𝑉 −4
4
+ 04 =0 −4
𝐼= 8
= −0.5𝐴
𝑉0 = 6𝑉
𝑉𝑡ℎ + 1 + 3 × 0 − 8 + 4 × 0.5 = 0
𝑉𝑡ℎ = 6 − 1 = 5𝑉
𝑉𝑡ℎ = 5𝑉
52
𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 4×5
= 1.25𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡

TechtutoR Academy 01914309373

7
9. For the circuit shown in following figure determine the max. power that could be delivered to the load
resistance 𝑅𝐿 . DPDC-19

𝑅𝑡ℎ = 10 + 6 = 16Ω

𝑅𝐿 = 𝑅𝑡ℎ = 16Ω
𝑉𝑡ℎ + 60 + 10 × 0 − 6 × 10 = 0
𝑉𝑡ℎ = 0𝑉
02
𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 4×16 = 0 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡

10. In the following circuit, what is the load resistance at maximum power transfer condition to it? Calculate
the maximum power. ERL-17

50×20
𝑅𝑡ℎ = 50+20 + 30 + 40 = 84.28Ω

∴ 𝑅𝐿 = 𝑅𝑡ℎ = 84.28Ω

Let, 𝑉𝑥 = 𝑉20Ω
220−𝑉𝑥 𝑉
50
+ 5 = 20𝑥

𝑉𝑥 = 134.29𝑉

𝑉𝑡ℎ = 30 × 5 + 134.29 = 284.29𝑉

284.292
𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 4×84.28 = 239.74𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡

TechtutoR Academy 01914309373

8
11. Find the value of 𝑅𝐿 under maximum power transfer condition. Determine the maximum power.
BUET MSc-16, NWPGCL-15

3×6
𝑅𝑡ℎ = 3+6 + 2 = 4Ω
𝑅𝐿 = 𝑅𝑡ℎ = 4Ω

Let, 𝑉𝑥 = 𝑉3Ω
𝑉𝑡ℎ − 𝑉𝑥 = 12
𝑉𝑥 𝑉
2+ 3
+ 6𝑡ℎ = 0
𝑉𝑡ℎ −12 𝑉
2+ 3
+ 6𝑡ℎ = 0
𝑉𝑡ℎ = 4𝑉

42
𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 4×4 = 1𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡

12. Find the value of 𝑅𝐿 under maximum power transfer condition. Determine the maximum power.
BIFPCL-15 [10 ohm, 40V, 40W]

13. The output efficiency and voltage regulation at the condition of max. power transfer of a circuit,
respectively are PGCB-15
(a) 50% and 50%
(b) 100% and 50%
(c) 50% and 100%
(d) 100% and 100%

Ans. C

14. Under the conditions of max. power transfer, the efficiency is……. CPGCBL-15 (MIST)
a. 25%
b. 50%
c. 75%
d. 100%

Ans. b

TechtutoR Academy 01914309373

9