TQM EXPLANATION

OTHER DESIGN METHOD

1. PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE

- Product Life Cycle describes the stages of a product from launch to being discontinued. It is a
strategy tool that helps companies plan for new product development and refine existing products.
Like for example Typewriter, in late 19th century first judt nila nga gigamit is ang typewriter mao na
ang ilang technology sauna nga maka help improve sa ilang writing. But then as time pass by
magkadugay magka evolve judt na ang product manggawas na ang mga computers, laptops and even
smartphones so mahitabo atung typewriters magkagamay na ang iyang demand, so ang ending ma
phase out na cya. Even if ma phase out ang usa ka product naa man puy mupuli nga new and improve
product by using product life cycle companies will learn kung kanus a sila need mag reinvent or pivot
their product in a new direction.

2. Complementary Products
- Complementary good can be a product or service that is sold separately that adds value to another.
In other words, they are two or more goods that are used together. For example, Petrol and Cars.
Ang sakyanan dba dli mo andar ug way gas. So ang gas ug ang sakyanan need nila ang usag usa
para mo work. And with that kung mo taas and demand sa usa ka product mao pudt ang sa usa.
Mostly sa mga companies mao ning gigamit na method to increase sales both product.

3. DESIGN PRODUCTS THAT WORK

- When designing products, always remember that you are designing for people. before you design a
product First you should know what are the needs and wants of your consumers. Because kitang mga
consumer dba mo tan aw man judt tas product nga gamit kaayu ofcourse ikaw nga mudesign ug
product dapat e make sure nmu nga useful sad na imung gibaligya kay the more nga ma ka feel ug
satisfaction ang customers the more mo taas ang demand sa imuhang product.

4. DESIGN FOR THE MANUFACTURE METHOD

- Design for manufacturability is the general engineering practice of designing products in such a way
that they are easy to manufacture. Since ikaw nga nagdesign sa imung product dapat usa sa imung
goal is successful ang process sa pagbuhat sa imung desired designed product. To make that effective,
design your product for ease of manufacturing with an end goal of making a better product at a lower
cost. This is done by simplifying, optimizing and refining the product design.

5. DESIGN FOR MAINTABILITY

- Design for Maintainability (DfM) is the practice of integrating operations and maintenance
considerations into project planning and design to achieve effectiveness, safety, and economy of
maintenance tasks during the lifespan of a facility. So when you design a product d.i one of most
important is ang pagmaintain sa quality sa product dapat ang imung product is sayun rasad cya
mareplacesan sa iyang component parts not just sayun but also safe rapudt. Since maintainability
is designed in, it is important to specify both reliability and maintainability targets
early in the design cycle.

DESIGNING FOR RELIABILITY

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a systematic, proactive method for evaluating a
process to identify where and how it might fail and to assess the relative impact of different failures, in
order to identify the parts of the process that are most in need of change. Having Failure Modes and
Effects Analysis there will be Improvement of safety, quality and reliability, Improvement of a
company's image, Increased user satisfaction, Reduction in product development cost and Record of
actions taken

Where FMEA can be applied

Where? So in Concept, Process, Design, Service and in Equipment

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis can be applied

1. When a process, product, or service is being designed or redesigned, after quality function
deployment (QFD) ang QFD d.i is a  is a focused methodology for carefully listening to the voice of
the customer and then effectively responding to those needs and expectations.
2. When an existing process, product, or service is being applied in a new way
3. Before developing control plans for a new or modified process
4. When improvement goals are planned for an existing process, product, or service
5. When analyzing failures of an existing process, product, or service
6. Periodically throughout the life of the process, product, or service

How FMEA works

So as Failure Modes and Effects Analysis also documents current knowledge and actions about the
risks of failures, for use in continuous improvement. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis pudt d.i is
gina use during sa pag design to prevent failures. Ig human ana gina use pudt na cya for control,
before and during ongoing operation of the process. So how Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
works d.i?

1. Give each component in the system a unique qualifier

2. List all functions each part of the system performs
3. List the one or two failure modes for each function
4. Describe the effect of each failure mode of the component
5. Determine whether the failure will result in a hazard
6. Estimate the relative likelihood of occurrence for each failure on a 10 point scale.
7. Estimate the ease with which the failure may be detected
8. Use the estimates from steps 5,6 and 7 to identify the highest risks
9. Decide what action will be taken to eliminate or reduce the likelihood

So mao na cya noh oh how Failure Method and Effects Analysis works.

Next we have, Fault Tree Analysis is An analytic tool which graphically renders the combination of
faults that lead to the failure of a system

by using Fault Tree Analysis the failures root can be identified using a diagram. It
can also be used to explore a single failure or systematically examine a group of components,
which makes it a versatile tool for a root cause analysis. Ang root cause analysis is a set of tools
that examines errors in security, manufacturing, internal processes, assets or systems. In short, FTA
evaluates the probability of the undesirable outcome and then helps to identify opportunities to reduce
the likelihood of occurrence.

Next we have, Failure modes, Effects and Critically Analysis (FMECA)

So if sa FMEA kay ang role is to identify potential problems and basically, nga makahelp detect
errors or failures that may affect a product's quality. Ang FMECA d.i is not only identify but also
investigate potential failure modes and their causes. Compared to FMEA, FMECA looks at
potential problems in more detail and yields more accurate results. But before ma apply ang
FMECA mas una judt dapat ma perform ang FMEA kay mao manay una mo provide sa detailed
insights about each product or process. These processes are interconnected and complement each
other, allowing for a more robust analysis. So in FMECA there is.....
PRODUCT TRACEABILITY
allows you to track your inventory movements from end-to-end, meaning you can track products to
where they were shipped, or back through their operational steps. Not just for products that have a
short shelf life, but for products that will become outdated due to technological advancements. product
traceability systems will help you improve production efficiency and product quality control, as you’ll
have real-time visibility to understand where along your production is causing problems, such
as bottlenecks in production.