Accelerated Algebra and Calculus for Direct Entry

MATH08062

Wednesday 18 August 2021

1300-1600 † *

†
All students: you have an additional 1 hour to assemble and submit your PDF.
Final submission deadline: 16:00.

*Students with a Schedule of Adjustment: You are entitled to a further fixed

additional 1 hour for this remote examination.

Final submission deadline: 17:00

Attempt all questions

Important instructions

1. Start each question on a new sheet of paper.

2. Number your sheets of paper to help you scan them in order.
3. Only write on one side of each piece of paper.
4. If you have rough work to do, simply include it within your overall answer – put
brackets at the start and end of it if you want to highlight that it is rough work.
MATH08062 Accelerated Algebra and Calculus for Direct Entry 1

(1) In each of the following cases state whether the given statement is TRUE or FALSE.
No need to justify your answer. (Each question is worth one mark)

(a) If a function f : R → R is continuous and f (0) = f (1) = 0, then there is

x ∈ [0, 1] so that f 0 (x) = 0.
(b) If f : R → R has a continuous second derivative, f 0 (0) = −1 and f 0 (1) = 1,
then there is x ∈ [0, 1] so that f 0 (x) = 0.
(c) If f : (0, 1) → R is a bounded continuous function, then it has a maximum in
(0, 1).
(d) If f : R → R is such that f 2 is continuous, then f is continuous.
(e) If f : R → (0, ∞) is a continuous function such that ln f is differentiable, then
f is differentiable. [5 marks]

(2) (a) Suppose f : R → R is such that f (x) > 0 for all x ∈ R and f 2 is differentiable.
Prove using the definition of the derivative (so your proof should use a limit)
that f is differentiable. [4 marks]
(b) Give an example of a continuous function f : R → R so that f 2 is differentiable
but f is not. [4 marks]

(3) For each of the following functions, find the critical points and classify them as local
maxima or minima, justifying your answer. (5 points each)
1−x
(a) f : (−∞, 1) → R defined by f (x) = ln(1−x)
. [5 marks]
(b) g : (0, ∞) → R defined by g(x) = x−2/3 (x + 1). [5 marks]

(4) Find the radii of convergence of the following power series.

∞
X n10 n
(a) x . [3 marks]
n=0
10n
3
X
(b) xn . [3 marks]
n=0
X∞
(c) (2 + sin en )xn . [6 marks]
n=0

[Please turn over]

MATH08062 Accelerated Algebra and Calculus for Direct Entry 2

(5) Find the following integrals (5 marks each).

Z 1 √ Z Z
arcsin x
2
x x + 1dx, 2 sin x cos x ln sin x, √ dx
−1 1+x
[15 marks]

(6) Give an example of the following.

(a) Two non-zero 2 × 2 matrices A and B such that AB = 0.

(b) A non-zero vector in R4 that is contained in the kernel of the matrix
 
1 1 1 1
.
1 2 3 4

(c) A 4 × 4 matrix A such that AT = −A and det(A) = 1.

(d) Two vectors u and v in R4 such that the vectors
   
1 1
1 2
  ,   , u, v
1 3
1 4

form a basis of R4 .
(e) An invertible linear transformation T : R3 → R3 such that
   
1 1
1 2
T 1 = 3 .
  

1 4

(f) A 3 × 3 matrix A such that its characteristic polynomial is −λ3 + 3λ2 − 3λ + 1.

(g) A non-diagonal diagonalizable 2 × 2 matrix A such that A2 = 2A.
(h) A 2 × 2 matrix A such that A2 = 2A − I2 and A 6= I2 , where I2 is the 2 × 2
identity matrix.
[16 marks]
Each question is worth 2 marks. Explanations and justifications are not required.

(7) Decide whether the following are true or false. Justify your answer.

(a) Let A be a 2×2 matrix such that A2021 = I2 , where I2 is the 2×2 identity matrix.
Then A = I2 . [4 marks]
(b) Let A be a 2 × 2 matrix such that A2 = 2A. Then A is diagonalizable.
[4 marks]

[Please turn over]

MATH08062 Accelerated Algebra and Calculus for Direct Entry 3

(8) Do the following:

(a) Find all real numbers x1 , x2 , x3 and x4 such that

(
x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 1,
x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 + 4x4 = 2.

[4 marks]
(b) Let V be the vector space in R4 that is spanned by the vectors
   
1 1
1 2
  and  
1 3
1 4

Find an orthonormal basis of the orthogonal complement in R4 to V .

[4 marks]

(9) Prove the following.

(a) For every 2 × 2 matrix A, one has

 
1 tr(A) 1
det(A) = det ,
2 tr(A2 ) tr(A)

where tr(A) is the trace of the matrix A. [5 marks]

2
(b) For any three vectors u, v, w in R such that any two of them are linearly
independent, there exists a 2 × 2 matrix A such that
     
λ 0 1
Au = , Av = , Aw =
0 µ 1

for some non-zero real numbers λ and µ. [5 marks]

(10) Do the following.

(a) Let T : R2 → R2 be a linear transformation such that

       
1 1 2 −2
T = and T = .
1 1 1 −1

Write down the formula for the matrix of T in the standard basis in R2 .
[4 marks]

[Please turn over]

MATH08062 Accelerated Algebra and Calculus for Direct Entry 4

(b) Compute
 2021      
−3 4 −3 −4 −3 4 −3 4 −3 4
= ··· .
−2 3 −2 3 −2 3 −2 3 −2 3
| {z }
2021 times

[4 marks]

[End of Paper]