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Lime Addition in Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) Produced with Pozzolanic

Cement for Dams Construction

Conference Paper · October 2012

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Karoline Richter Marcelo Adriano Duart

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 LIME ADDITION IN ROLLER-COMPACTED CONCRETE (RCC) PRODUCED WITH
POZOLANIC CEMENT FOR DAMS CONSTRUCTION.

Marcelo Adriano Duart(1); Mario Koji Taghi (2); Salete Zaltron (3); Ademar Moitinho
Dourado Junior(4); Karoline Richter (5); Neusa Eliana Figur(6)

(1) Msc, Universidade Tecnologica Federal do Paraná-UTFPR;Rua Cristo Rei, 19 CEP, 85902-490-
Toledo - PR email-marceloduart@yahoo.com.br.(2) Msc, UTFPR;(3) Civil engineering - building
firm Triunfo;(4) Civil engineering student - UTFPR , (5) Master degree student- civil engineering
UFPR, (6) Civil engineering student - UTFPR

Abstract

The RCC has been a great demand in infrastructure of hydroelectric dams in construction
at present in Brazil. This study intends to value the use of lime addition in RCC produced
with pozolanic cement. Pozolânica reaction brings concrete benefits like: increase of the
compressive strength at ages around 90 days and porosity reduction. For low consumption
cement, like RCC the hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) produced in cement hydration is almost
completely consumed by the pozolanic additions or pozolanic cements and it brings some
consequences like:1-reduction of the pozolanic reaction for absence of Ca(OH)2, being
inert part of the silica; 2 - reduction of the alkaline reserve of concrete , since Ca(OH)2
maintains a high pH (between 12 and 13). CCR mixtures were developed with 5, 10 and
15 % of lime in the bond. The consistency by Vebe test was the standardization, between
5 and 15 seconds. Specimens were molded for compressive strength to 7, 28 and 90 days.
Reference concrete (Tref) was produced with pozolanic cement CP IV, without lime.
Mixture with 5 % of lime reached 2,9 MPa at 7 days and 5,0 MPa at 28 days almost the
same of Tref. (Fc7=2,7MPa and fc28=5,1MPa). With 10% of lime addition the compressive
strengths were fc7=2,8MPa and fc28=4,2 MPa, for 15 % of lime at 7 and 28 days the
strengths were fc7=2,0MPa and fc28=3,6 MPa, 25% below to the Tref. It is already
possible to end which percentages between 5 % of addition from lime it maintained the
compressive strength and it can to contribute at 90 days to the pozolanic reaction and
increase the strength of concrete produced, since the used bond is rich in pozolanic
material.

Key words: RCC, lime, pozolanic reaction, fly ash, concrete.

1 Introdution

Roller-compacted concrete (RCC) has been widely used in Brazil in dams construction of
hydroelectric station because some characteristics as low liberation of hydration heat and
shrinkage reduction in the concrete mass.
One technical alternative used to control the heat of hydration is the slow cement (less
speed of the hydration reactions) as the CP IV cement.
CP IV cement (ABNT NBR 5736:1999) has pozolanic addition like fly ash in his
composition reducing to quantity of clinker causing fewer hydrated products low ages.
Pozolanic materials like fly ash don´t react with water only with the hydroxide of calcium
(Ca(OH)2) released in the hydration reactions of the silicates from Portland cement, in this
way the process of hydration is slower and causing less heat liberation, less retractions
and also less resistances. The positive aspect is that pozolanic reaction causes strength
increase of the concrete in advanced ages like 90 days, recovering values of resistances
lost up to 28 days.
In this study we look to add hydroxide of calcium in the concrete to maintain the alkaline
reserve of the concrete because the pozolanic reaction consumes almost all Ca(OH)2
produced during the silicates hydration.
Feng et al (2003) investigated the rice husk ash (RHA) and ended that substitution of
cement for RHA (30%) the quantity of Ca(OH)2 is reduce to zero to 28 and 91 days, due to
pozolanic reaction, figure 01.
.

Figure 01- % of Ca(OH)2 of RHA, (Feng et al, 2003).

The compressive strength results demonstrated that is possible to add quantities between
5 and 10 % of hydrated lime Ca(OH)2 in RCC without considerable losses of resistance in
28 and 90 days age.
1.1The pozolanic reaction.

The cement hydration (cement + water) produces Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate (C-S-H) and

CH (Ca(OH)2 ) that is a byproduct of this reaction.

2C3S + 6H = C3S2H3 + 3Ca(OH)2

Cement wate C-S-H CH

The Silica (S) of RHA reacts with CH (pozolanic reaction) and produces more C-S-H that
is primarily responsible for the strength in cements based materials and cause increase of
the concrete strength.

CH + S = C-S-H
Pozolanic reaction

2 Materials and methods

CCR mixtures were developed with 5, 10 and 15 % of Portland cement by lime (Ca(OH)2 )
in mass and compared with the reference Tref (without addition from lime). The standardi-
zation was the time Vebe test, figure 2, which should be between 5 and 15 seconds. Con-
crete specimens were molded to check the compressive strength to 7, 28 and 90 days.

The used cement was Portland cement CP IV (ABNT NBR 5736:1999) and the lime used
was according ABNT NBR 7175/2003.
Were used materials, equipment and the lab material of the Triunfo Building firm in the
Garibaldi hydroelectric station construction in Canoas River.

Figure 02 – RCC, Vebe equipment.

2.1 Compressive strength

The Compressive strength tests were carried out according to standard NBR 5739/2007 in
cylindrical concrete specimens with diameters 15 cm, and compacted using a vibratory
table, figure 3, for ages of 7, 28 and 91 days.

Figure 03 – Vibratory table and compressive strength machine.

3 - Results.

The compressive strength results are presented in the figure 04, Reference (Tref) and the
mixtures with partial substitutions of 5, 10 and 15 %.
The 5% substitution mixture presented a performance identic to the reference being inclu-
sive more resistant to 90 days. For the 10% substitution mixture the compressive strength
reduced of 5,1 MPa to 4,2 MPa at 28 days reduction of 18%, but at 90 days the compres-
sive strength increase to 6,6 MPa, 95% of the reference. The 15% substitution mixture the
compressive strength was lower at all ages and at 90 days was 28% lower than reference.

Figure 04 – Compressive Strength

 4- Conclusion

Considering the compressive strength results it is possible to end that the addition from
lime in RCC produced with pozolanic cement is an alternative that can be considered for
values of substitution between 5 and 10 %.
This substitution is possible because the pozolanic reaction between the lime and fly ash
present in pozolanic cement CP IV.
There is still the possibility of the growth of the mechanical resistances at ages over 90
days.
The lime addition did not cause negative factors of workability and it still turned in the
reduction of the consumption from cement and use of the pozolanic material present in the
cement that produced more C-S-H.

5 Bibliography

ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS. Ensaio de compressão de corpos

cilíndricos de concreto: NBR 5739. Rio de Janeiro, 2007.

ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS. Cimento Portland pozolânico:

NBR 5736. Rio de Janeiro, 1999.

ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS. Cal hidratada para argamassas -

Requisitos: NBR 7175. Rio de Janeiro, 2003.

ASTM C1170-91. “Standard Test Methods for Determining Consistency and Density of
Roller- Compacted Concrete Using a Vibrating Table,” ASTM International.

EN12350-3: 2000 “Testing fresh concrete – Part 3: Vebe test,” European Committee for
Standardization.

FENG, Qingge et al. Efficiency of highly active rice husk ash on the High-strength con-
crete. In: International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement (ICCC), 11, 2003, Durban,
Africa do Sul. The Cement and Concrete Institute of South Africa, 2003.

NAGATAKI, Shigeyoshi ; FUJISAWA, Tadahiko ; KAWASAKI, Hideaki. State of art of RCD

dams in Japan. ANAIS DO 50º CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DO CONCRETO - CBC –
50CBC, Salvador, Brazil. 2008.

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