Debanhi Solís, Jennifer Villalón, Miranda

Bustos, Karen Serrano, Dante Delgado

Gerunds
Grámatica Funcional
 A gerund is a noun made from
a verb. Gerunds and gerunds
phrases perform the same
function as nouns.
Forms and To form a gerund add -ing to
the base form of the verb.

functions of Ex: Cooking Is my hobbie, I like

eating too

gerunds Add not before a gerund to

make a negative statement
Ex: Not calling her was a big
mistake
 Many words in
English end in -ing.
Don't confuse
gerunds with verbs in
the progressive
form or with present
participle
use as adjectives or
in adverbial phrases
DIFFERENT
TYPES OF
GERUNDS

 They act as subjects

01 of a sentence
02 They act as subject
Gerunds as complements. Subject
subjects and complements occur after the verb
be and other linking verbs such as
subject seem. They describe or add
information about the subject of
complements sentence
Gerunds and gerund

examples:
phrases often function as
subjects and subject
Gardering is one of my hobbies.
complements

Star Wars is a movie worth seeing

 01 They act as objects of a
sentence
example: I like playing soccer
Gerunds as They act as object complements.
objects and 02 Describe ir add information about
the object of the sentence
object example: Melanie has trouble
complements making new friends

Gerunds and gerund phrases We often use go+gerund to talk

often fuction as objects and 03 about recreational activities. In this

object complements. type of sentence, go has the basic
meaning of ''do the activity of''
example: We go skiing every
weekend in the winter
 01 verb + preposition
Ex. They insisted on giving us
a present

02
Gerunds as
adjective + preposition
Ex. She's good at making

objects of friends

preposition
The word to can be a
03 preposition or part of an
infinitive
Gerunds and gerund

phrases Ex. He will adjust to working hard
often function as objects of He tries to work hard
preposition Don't confuse be used to and used to.
04 The to in be used to is a preposition. The
to in used to is part of the infinitive.
Ex. I used to get up early NOT I'm used to
get up early
 In writing and more formal speaking,
use a possesive noun or pronoun before
a gerund to show possession.
Ex. Pete's dominating every conversation
bothers me.
His dominating every conversation bothers

Possesive
me
In conversation and
informal writing, we

gerunds
often use a name or an object pronoun
before a gerund instead of a possesive.
We don't use subjects pronouns before
gerunds.
Ex. I don't like Pete dominating every
conversation
I don't like him dominating every
conversation
 We often use a simple gerund (without a past
participle) to make a generalization.
Ex. Making friends is a natural thing to do.
Simple and Eating a good diet is important.

past
Having + Past participle

We often use a past gerund to show an action that

ocurred before the action of the main verb in the
gerunds sentence.
Ex. Having met Jane in my first week of college helped
me throughout my collage career.
Gerunds can
You can also use a past gerund to emphasize the
occur in simple difference in time between two actions. The simple
or past form. grund is also correct in many situations.
Ex. I realize now that my having gone to college is the
reason I got this job.
or
I realize now that my going to college is the reason I got
this job.
 Gerunds and gerund phrases can
occur in passive form.
Present passive: being + past
participle

PAssIVE Ex. She hates being ignored.

Past passive: having been
gerunds
+ past

participle

Ex. She's still angry about having

been ignored.