Solution

Check to see if your assembly received the optional permissions using the
SecurityManager.IsGranted method like this:
using System;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Web;
using System.Net;
using System.Security;

Regex regex = new Regex(@"http://www\.oreilly\.com/.*");

WebPermission webConnectPerm = new WebPermission(NetworkAccess.
Connect,regex);
if(SecurityManager.IsGranted(webConnectPerm))
{
// Connect to the O'Reilly site.
}

This code sets up a Regex for the O’Reilly web site and then uses it to create a
WebPermission for connecting to that site and all sites containing the string. You then
check the WebPermission by calling SecurityManager.IsGranted to see whether you
have permission to do this.

Discussion
The IsGranted method is a lightweight way of determining whether permission is
granted for an assembly without first incurring the full stackwalk that a Demand gives
you. Note, however, that once you exercise the code that performs the Demand, the
full stackwalk will then take place. The drawback to this approach is that the code is
still subject to a luring attack if Assert is misused, so you need to consider where the
call to IsGranted is being made in the overall scheme of your security.
Some of the reasons you might design an assembly to have optional permissions is
for deployment in different customer scenarios. In some scenarios (such as desktop
applications), it might be acceptable to have an assembly that can perform more
robust actions (talk to a database, create network traffic via HTTP, etc.). In other
scenarios, you can defer these actions if the customer does not wish to grant enough
permissions for these extra services to function.

See Also
The “WebPermission Class,” “SecurityManager Class,” and “IsGranted Method”
topics in the MSDN documentation.

686 | Chapter 17: Security

 HashSet<T> object, 444–448
inheritance and, 70
interfaces and, 69, 135
multiple return values and, 104
n-ary trees, 432–444
one-to-many maps, 410–418
passing by value, 69
performance and, 68, 70
polymorphism and, 69, 70
priority queues, 402–410
reference types and, 68
union-type, 70–72
usage recommendations, 69
ValueType class and, 68
Subgroup class, 227, 229
subset operation, 446, 447
subtraction operator, 80–82
Sum function, 28
superset operation, 446, 447
svchost process, 291
SwapElementsInArray method, 177
switch statement, 777, 808, 809
SymmetricAlgorithm class
Clear method, 131, 670–672
encrypting/decrypting files, 665–670
SymmetricExceptWith method, 447
synchronization
multiple processes, 738–750
thread, 721–725
synchronous delegates, 327–330
System processes, 780
System.Attribute, 236
System.CLSCompliantAttribute, 234
System.Collections namespace, 175
System.Collections.ArrayList type, 331
System.Collections.Generic namespace, 175
System.Collections.Specialized
namespace, 175–176
System.Configuration assembly, 21
System.Cryptography namespace, 665
System.Diagnostics namespace, 286
System.IO.Pipes namespace, 622
System.Messaging.MessageQueue class (see
MessageQueue class)
System.Reflection.Emit namespace, 501
System.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging
namespace, 328
System.SerializeableAttribute, 234
System.Text namespace, 56, 58
System.Text.RegularExpressions
namespace, 36, 366
System.Xml.XPath namespace, 555
%SystemDrive% environment variable, 469
SystemEvents class
change notifications, 771–775
DisplaySettingsChanged event, 774
DisplaySettingsChanging event, 774
EventsThreadShutdown event, 771, 774
InstalledFontsChanged event, 774
OnEventsThreadShutdown handler, 772
OnPowerModeChanged method, 772
OnSessionEnded handler, 772
OnSessionEnding handler, 772
OnSessionSwitch handler, 772
PaletteChanged event, 774
PowerModeChanged event, 771, 774
RegisterForSystemEvents method, 771,
772
SessionEnded event, 771, 774
SessionEnding event, 771, 774
SessionSwitch event, 771, 774
TimeChanged event, 774
TimerElapsed event, 774
UnregisterFromSystemEvents
method, 771, 772
UserPreferenceChanged event, 774
UserPreferenceChanging event, 774
SystemException class, 246, 261
T
tab character, 65
tables
accessing, 18
tying to cache, 530–531
TakeSnapshotOfList<T> method, 198, 199
TargetInvocationException exception, 252,
253
TaskManager, 290–292
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
securing stream data, 699–708
writing TCP clients, 612–615
writing TCP servers, 606–611
TcpClient class
Close method, 131, 611
Connect method, 615
GetStream method, 609
Read method, 615
SslStream class and, 705
Write method, 615
writing TCP clients, 612–615
TCPClient_SSL class, 699–701
TcpListener class
AcceptTcpClient method, 607, 611
Start method, 611
Index | 851
Finally, you have a method that calls the CreatePoint method. This method handles
the point object type returned from the CreatePoint method based on the actual
point object returned:
public void CreateAndHandlePoint( )
{
// Create a new point object and return it.
object retObj = CreatePoint(PointTypeEnum.Point2D);

// Handle the point object based on its actual type.

if (retObj is ExPoint2D)
{
Console.WriteLine("Use the ExPoint2D type");
}
else if (retObj is ExPoint3D)
{
Console.WriteLine("Use the ExPoint3D type");
}
else if (retObj is Point2D)
{
Console.WriteLine("Use the Point2D type");
}
else if (retObj is Point3D)
{
Console.WriteLine("Use the Point3D type");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Invalid point type");
}
}

Notice that the tests for the ExPoint2D and ExPoint3D objects are performed before
the tests for Point2D and Point3D. This order will allow you to differentiate between
base classes and their derived classes (ExPoint2D derives from Point2D and ExPoint3D
derives from Point3D). If you had reversed these tests, the test for Point2D would eval-
uate to true for both the Point2D class and its derivatives (ExPoint2D).

Discussion
The is operator is a fast and easy method of predetermining whether a cast will
work. If the cast fails, you have saved yourself the overhead of trying the cast and
handling a thrown exception. If the is operator determines that this cast can success-
fully be performed, all you need to do is perform the cast.
The is operator is defined as follows:
expression is type

102 | Chapter 3: Classes and Structures

Example 15-7. Invoice.xml (continued)
<price>35.98</price>
<shipDate>2003-12-20</shipDate>
</item>
<item partNum="AK254">
<productName>Job Site Ale</productName>
<quantity>50</quantity>
<price>12.56</price>
<shipDate>2003-11-12</shipDate>
</item>
</Items>
</Invoice>

How to tear this invoice apart using an XElement and send the various information
pieces to their respective departments is shown in Example 15-8.

Example 15-8. Tearing apart an XML document (XElement)

public static void ProcessInvoice( )
{
XElement invElement = XElement.Load(@"..\..\Invoice.xml");
// Process the billing information to Accounting
CreateInvoiceEnvelope(invElement, "BillingEnvelope", "billInfo",
@"..\..\BillingEnvelope_LINQ.xml");

// Process the shipping information to Accounting

CreateInvoiceEnvelope(invElement, "ShippingEnvelope", "shipInfo",
@"..\..\ShippingEnvelope_LINQ.xml");

// Process the item information to Fulfillment

CreateInvoiceEnvelope(invElement, "FulfillmentEnvelope", "Items/item",
@"..\..\FulfillmentEnvelope_LINQ.xml");
}

private static void CreateInvoiceEnvelope(XElement invElement,

string topElementName,
string internalElementName,
string path)
{
var query = from i in invElement.DescendantsAndSelf( )
where i.NodeType == XmlNodeType.Element &&
i.Name == "Invoice"
select new XElement(topElementName,
new XAttribute(i.Attribute("invoiceDate").Name,
i.Attribute("invoiceDate").Value),
new XAttribute(i.Attribute("invoiceNumber").Name,
i.Attribute("invoiceNumber").Value),
from e in i.XPathSelectElements(internalElementName)
select new XElement(e));
XElement envelope = query.ElementAt<XElement>(0);
Console.WriteLine(envelope.ToString( ));
// save the envelope
envelope.Save(path);
}

580 | Chapter 15: XML

The full version number is comprised of these four parts, making up an 8-byte num-
ber representing the file’s version number.
The CompareFileVersions method first compares the FileMajorPart version informa-
tion of the two files. If these are equal, the FileMinorPart version information of the
two files is compared. This continues through the FileBuildPart and finally the
FilePrivatePart version information values. If all four parts are equal, the files are
considered to have the same version number. If either file is found to have a higher
number than the other file, it is considered to be the latest version.

See Also
The “FileVersionInfo Class” topic in the MSDN documentation.

12.14 Querying Information for All Drives on a System

Problem
Your application needs to know if a drive (HDD, CD drive, DVD drive, etc.) is avail-
able and ready to be written to and/or read from. Additionally, it would be nice to
know if you have enough available free space on the drive to write information to.

Solution
Use the various properties in the DriveInfo class as shown here:
public static void DisplayAllDriveInfo( )
{
foreach (DriveInfo drive in DriveInfo.GetDrives( ))
{
if (drive.IsReady)
{
Console.WriteLine("Drive " + drive.Name + " is ready.");
Console.WriteLine("AvailableFreeSpace: " + drive.AvailableFreeSpace);
Console.WriteLine("DriveFormat: " + drive.DriveFormat);
Console.WriteLine("DriveType: " + drive.DriveType);
Console.WriteLine("Name: " + drive.Name);
Console.WriteLine("RootDirectory.FullName: " +
drive.RootDirectory.FullName);
Console.WriteLine("TotalFreeSpace: " + drive.TotalFreeSpace);
Console.WriteLine("TotalSize: " + drive.TotalSize);
Console.WriteLine("VolumeLabel: " + drive.VolumeLabel);
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Drive " + drive.Name + " is not ready.");
}
}
}

Querying Information for All Drives on a System | 479