Permanent

Mandibular Premolars
PERMANENT MANDIBULAR
FIRST PREMOLARS

 Permanent Mandibular First Premolars

First evidence of calcification 1 ¼ - 2 years

Crown completion 5-6 years

Eruption 10-12 years

Root completion 12-13 years

large buccal cusp

less developed lingual cusp

assist canines & molars in function
















Permanent Mandibular First Premolars

BUCCAL ASPECT

Crown outline: pentagonal

Buccal surface is convex both occlusogingivally

and mesiodistally

Occlusocervical dimension is shorter than any

anterior teeth but longer than the posterior teeth

 Permanent Mandibular First Premolars

BUCCAL ASPECT

Mesial Margin – slightly concave from the contact

area to the cervical line

Distal Margin – similar to mesial margin, only a

little shorter

Height of contour : middle third

 Permanent Mandibular First Premolars

BUCCAL ASPECT

Cervical line – slightly convex curve towards the

apex

Mesio-occlusal slope is shorter

Buccal ridge

Mesiobuccal and distobuccal developmental

depressions

 Permanent Mandibular First Premolars

LINGUAL ASPECT

Crown tapers and inclined lingually

Occlusal surface slopes toward lingual cervically

Lacks prominent lingual ridge and convex in all

directions

Most of the buccal half of the occlusal table is

visible

MMR more cervical than the DMR

Permanent Mandibular First Premolars

LINGUAL ASPECT

Narrow mesiodistally

CEJ – slightly convex toward the apical

Disto-occlusal slope is slightly longer than the

mesio-occlusal slope

Mesiolingual developmental groove

 Permanent Mandibular First Premolars

LINGUAL ASPECT

Small, short lingual cusp but may be sharp – less

developed

Cusp tip is aligned with the buccal transeverse rigde

Mesial and distal fossa on each side of triangular

ridge

 Permanent Mandibular First Premolars

MESIAL ASPECT

Crown: rhomboidal

Buccal cusp centered over the root

Buccal outline – generally convex

height of contour : gingival third

Outline is greatly inclined toward the lingual

Lingual margin – less convex, shorter

crest of curvature is close to the occlusal
limit

 Permanent Mandibular First Premolars

MESIAL ASPECT

CEJ – curved slightly toward the occlusal

MMR more cervical than the DMR

Occlusal outline reveals buccal portion of

transverse ridge sloping at approx. 45 degree
angle

Mesial contact area – it is occlusal to the center

of crown, and is in line with the buccal cusp tip

 Permanent Mandibular First Premolars

DISTAL ASPECT

Shorter occclusocervically and wider

buccolingually

Less curvature of CEJ

DMR does not show steep slope towards lingual

Distal contact area is at the same level but

broader than the mesial contact area

 Permanent Mandibular First Premolars

OCCLUSAL ASPECT

Diamond shape with a notch on the mesial

Most of the buccal surface is seen

Buccal outline is uniformly convex

Prominent buccal ridge

Lingual outline is also convex, shorter than

buccal outline

Permanent Mandibular First Premolars

OCCLUSAL ASPECT

Mesial outline – slightly convex to nearly straight

Concave offset near the mesiolingual line angle

Distal outline – more regularly convex

 distobuccal developmental groove

mesiobuccal developmental groove

mesiolingual developmental groove

 buccal cusp tip

distal fossa
distal pit

mesial fossa
mesial pit

lingual cusp tip

 mesiobuccal cusp ridge buccal ridge buccal triangular ridge

distobuccal cusp ridge

mesial marginal ridge

distal marginal ridge

mesiolingual cusp ridge

distolingual cusp ridge

lingual triangular ridge

PERMANENT MANDIBULAR
SECOND PREMOLARS

 Permanent Mandibular Second Premolars

First evidence of calcification tooth assumes two common

2 ¼-2½ forms
years

Crown completion assist canines & molars in function

6-7 years

Eruption larger than the first premolar

11-12years

Root completion 13-14 years

Permanent Mandibular Second Premolars

BUCCAL ASPECT

Resembles mandibular 1st premolar on the

buccal aspect only

Crown outline: pentagon

Height of contour:
Cervical third

 Permanent Mandibular Second Premolars

BUCCAL ASPECT

Buccal cusp tip is blunt, short, and centered

mesiodistally

Mesio-occlusal slope and disto-oclusal slope are

not so inclined (both are almost equal in length)

 Permanent Mandibular Second Premolars

LINGUAL ASPECT

Good for identification

Lingual cusps are not as long as buccal cusp,

thus buccal cusp can be seen from this aspect

Height of Contour:
Occlusal third

 Permanent Mandibular Second Premolars

LINGUAL ASPECT

Three-cusp type crown

Two lingual cusp can be seen
*Lingual groove between cusps
Mesiolingual cusp is longer and larger than
distolingual cusp

*only in this premolar

Permanent Mandibular Second Premolars

LINGUAL ASPECT

Two-cusp type crown

Single lingual cusp
No lingual groove
Depression is found toward the distal
portion

 Permanent Mandibular Second Premolars

MESIAL ASPECT

Buccal cusp not centered over root

Mesial marginal ridge is almost horizontal and

positioned more occlusal than distal
marginal ridge

In the three cusp type crown; DL cusp is not

visible

 Permanent Mandibular Second Premolars

MESIAL ASPECT

Buccal height of contour:

cervical third

Lingual height of contour:

occlusal third

Mesial contact area – it is at the middle third of

the crown and centered buccolingually

Root depression (commonly) is absent

 Permanent Mandibular Second Premolars

DISTAL ASPECT

More occlusal surface is seen compared to the

mesial. Why?

DMR positioned more cervically than MMR

In the three cusp type crown; both ML and DL

cusps are visible

Distal contact area is at the same level as the

mesial contact area but is broader

Root depression is present

Permanent Mandibular Second Premolars

OCCLUSAL ASPECT

Three-cusp type (Y type)

Two-cusp type (H type/U Type)

Permanent Mandibular Second Premolars

OCCLUSAL ASPECT
Three-cusp type (Y type)
Buccal cusp – largest
Mesiolingual cusp – second largest
Distolingual cusp – smallest 1
Appears square

Only premolar that: 2 3

have central fossa/pit
Lingual developmental groove Y type

Lingual groove (lingual aspect)

Permanent Mandibular Second Premolars

OCCLUSAL ASPECT

grooves converge in a central pit

form a Y shape on the occlusal surface

Y type

 buccal cusp tip

mesiolingual cusp tip
distolingual cusp tip
central pit and fossa
mesial pit
mesial triangular fossa
distal pit
distal triangular fossa

 Mesial developmental groove

Distal developmental groove
Lingual developmental groove

 Permanent Mandibular Second Premolars

OCCLUSAL ASPECT
1
Two-cusp type (H type/U Type)
Buccal cusp – larger 2
Lingual cusp – smaller
H type
Appears rounded

Central groove is present ending in

mesial and distal fossa/pit on both 1
sides

No central pit/lingual groove

2
U type

 H type U type

mesial pit
buccal cusp tip mesial triangular fossa
lingual cusp tip distal pit
distal triangular fossa

 H type U type
central groove
mesiobuccal developmental groove
distobuccal developmental groove
mesiolingual developmental groove
distolingual developmental groove

H type
U type Y type
Thank you!