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ASTEEEST cvatee 0 gett | ne ASIST oy Fee ment 1 Aart Snnesie. 1 Ray ee Clg att Scr > homens naa SH oe ° serait 1 Amys ete hen i Se Tn ‘St ee Afonso, ly A Companion to Bioethics Second edition Edited by Helga Kuhse and Peter Singer (@)WILEY-BLACKWELL ——— hh ee ‘iy mt he tem them, kn, Wet Be POP 880, ‘ne Me waa 029s. ute ‘Reno Sonn ne Chce WetDaes POU 80. iguremmeteseremmatinmes Sie secure Splenic tert is Site etl Be Oe to ts 98 at cman ‘inttmanl ge cece weeds rset ude tits ‘Stott tye ats a ote Sage — ao ee ea a cae “hie poe) cing rd a koe teh ery SR For Brent (ht. taion bi) en telnet sf cocina lees 1199) ry oP Dre (177 ays ety Ct aed ey Fs ‘90, er ol othe nin ye Ra cnn day oat et rel sg. On ea hey ana nd of ceo ean "nin ni tee) 98 Pa pogo vi $0 mae ni 87) tho fist Cte MA ey SecA tne 9 cna gn et Ce ey ‘te (980, tad bes Cmte ants ery Ser, 1 W197} to Rm ap nr Oe ary Mo 90 10 A Virtue Bthics Approach JUSTIN OAKLEY ‘Aommon wy sfengeing sin ce eadennao of aot’ ear sty fase" topo wo hig ha Cog om way Co Fein eprom ean tne dp a es ng eo {nd ovconing fase st oath an impart oa terete not Fat dpa wl to acta eons. St averse Fateson of scone ced son exes element tala done (Sic ys being bao esa yr wt wel Jo sh a thng oe ‘etc llsing lrag enter ny In certain ects be ght ‘Gn x mols tino bn hn Baroy A portant {Ete of actevautons ike gero soup, eee and wales that ny ec ch ferns th chro or dopetns ton Wich he ‘peom stun eis un noel tht peso ae commen wa Sato noes tot act not be pet gl a be MEO It ene tart cere ‘vests di re aes # evatation ni oe cle nto ef te The cei fh ener pp ise nthe Site con be acl back to Haba Anche ace, “ler Mord Pilg” pbtcheln 1956 al th ko wk on ett apes ‘si ox beg oon only 18] say inte weg of op ‘tern a od lini Mate, he ey. etary a 3 fhe ayn tae ic ete ro iat ‘Sorento capone ve te dec Ves nw rad the ‘tog wc ewok cogil fing scent odo trate {Soom nt ta sete rei fete ees ase ‘Strang deropeea ein hs pepe on Bs ete “Tho Rise of Vitue ties ea veered apc tothe rice steno ie ‘dicate extent he ted y devtscion wcrc ‘trounce sie nape pl compan bch vente of tae o thc hee sout oto ad Kann hie tht hy le 0 ‘it npn avin sat wht we ong oti eget aig alt Ime te qusions so wht sc peso Wo ght be ed wht at He ‘eon elo nthe gees icant ote ce ne eet ean dna yw ee er aera to, fart racine an th yo tn snl wn apa cea Sel toms egw lgary ee "perl" and ‘oluaeaswithen mporerived moral atl Aya es spray co trot np th orate ues eoeronclban"hoee" ood pt” evel mre li "igh aro ey ple nah she Sediment posits lr piel, ay ae ‘gue tha te Input charset fa csuentt s Roan ‘procs ots des hha enone poo ti a ‘Rei, thatthe dyn apace Kate ad eat a ‘ebpecooiy iat come "he tropa of a tu bc afroch fo Hootie, opal whe nied thew geen ttt thd etal cr, oe stew mgs fom soe more hel at Tone ext. iced Irpronces to bods have tecn deviye 4 recon othe diane Weathermen whch sine hove ho ovine cray es ‘sot labo 187) Sue er ma th te ey {etsarsracton aoc ert prt oe {ettestrcaming af pnclert arash. wich aly ‘ental on con gesnd Be then aod Kann oe orcs Berne ncn ences ley ht ‘sung shes 200) tase oe rary acne tony sas nl pice ns pra ba rr tere ec ‘ors doss ant wheter such opts gael cantare cote {ate tens In pet oe th more ence ea le ‘Sonat chara hse dbl to sme he ra rt nt above ‘consetsentai od Kans eal hoes Howe sce ont tet nde pacer tat, ic hp ‘ene apgronter et pe to een The ore hy (Shieapgand amet entre ctan pce St pny “alot {Greqoy an deat lan tet ne -ch atg e ‘canoe or rom as se of ters” senda Reaturs of Vue Bthice ‘Aa ony fl ton, th mo ondanetalcunma by ite th ‘bron dcr trae een nthe con fig ce ust 1996 2631: Oley aking 2001S 1982 Ze 1008) ‘ete atic een fr ght eon ce ta italy tad or ow (ec thneioe 1991: 22561096012) 92 LT An stones nytt ag wha ear chract would aint scenes wey ik th eh i oe Sa is i 8 ta ‘eon wl don the civonstanos, nd mt mss the acon gh sat Mare en wir aitaon thera deere Rees ihe haters whee cons woul tl bond he pen, eas is ic prance is it mie rl oom th dene es gh en ats oul Sul fo ung en boo ht what pan wih vt ttc oul do fee out 1977106 Sureouse 196: 25, 199-36) Se wt eh (Sutera ofa! ote quaestces ¥. er exe, sng fhecenme neve ious sent mist rsa ct wrath ‘ec conan tothe veto crac, erste Hasta (1999 28 salts ite te twas engin Vit be ose eng rt. re vets fe ee ea emsgng nt ci He Hk een it octane the apn oma en fm. Ths, Crise Ste ‘Sows halon is set ean fn ewig fr necrtre Storm nbcy wits atone oe hse at htt eth rope iti ite venta the ctr gt cose tho Uae val oun ccna th nt pot as henosres a (2001: 228-40). ‘iver Vt fro that hr his boar wed we Daa Br dee ag mont eee spon bt ‘ferme itt, vry eer rte tis to gia ty chan arctan potent an sunt wae a ee eae Smt, arlene cot ft acon eos tg it unde ts seine os be uty a coat wi erly ned rae) Ser, orl ed Fas iene nn ste cis nda Reon a aa Semen snceby he ins wt emi ty ate he en ea ‘Misa unveils pnt se by whee mnnens expt tty, nen fo ref hoe ppc tay ele, es ce {edhrnar cnet th aint oth, repaint oe alow edith ts get in might betes mena tcacy how taal ekg tins Foran tt, ‘colbert ting prey een ern ght aeon whi cul Tectia mater pos ne seo ga one od ‘ice hts tonsa waldo te non O¥ nn ‘Scan nodes cats a ose wl ct an the ‘Seung teeters Vn he ened te was [Sons what he vets get woud Go ts Not mre perorone f tan thts ene acing fn eta tins a may ae eran mtv, For samp arg atsoncone wa Ke te of bev ‘oui ctinves no any ro esto sate ns ng es sadactng fom penne oc te wel span, ne dsoston ‘Ghavesaioul enh omer pacar nsf ats fe tot 980 4.53 148h46-P)pttehnecmert testy asl th he ithe eth pet paar ite te” Se te tuo eat wel ct at iol sng So tn ne thang ws tie teas one ea at at en at ves so et too date that inept api eo ee ey fice nb gt w ebay rele Saosin the ato ‘Text oneapon fee ich tht ne he sha ne aon fn eonlt »ttthy sone fm os, we Batt ‘tse maven aes otf oer re tat cas nara ots re nt oan coe ‘ite tts to a exp Paseo iby ton ca harper vt om ete ate {Ca sano (203 298 24-8) mom oreo a tig gt {iu cotnualy ren sic away eae tg te rte ve ‘tices ern Tad a sting dilence Heme ie thie sania ivan a Kanon chil thee the doe sci ly ae by te ees ‘eter ote sl ihe Most atti el Know e ‘oer thee! pbs hl i ery gone ca eh oan ny ne une bh thing whe oie ee wey, etc ntal Arne be shore a Oly ‘kat cag iy, nyse acg fr rene et a ttovation steht ett wt isos dong ts car re ld ‘ointheccuotances ed apr fon hr aks wih tae eh ong ‘Emoto ten te an a oa te ay. Many pe bore tance ta ghinee age el deg ret on winter one os om sis apie tin hei ed Fret tn iva at a omen ea et tg itor Thanet aay atv cats wean hee ens ot ‘that tard reo ttn, wee Md Se (20072007) a ro hi te this ost plas eer ony hs conor te We ttijametmes ie ie ee et wont ay eis een Sete iene vee hn whey anoton en aly \tesaonetom tans mete suchen ir apache un Sted eninge owt wat eis ge! we tnt maton cyto stant ch arbre eto ‘i Forse muh acon he us teeters ety ‘Sng help ote anwar cre cg tr tm, ute se inzva engty tuners a gt tn maior tno Isetaly lang With te eats Se per see aan lp oy a eee 2 cose pine bene, Ts Se ca doe han may fet ‘testo snany ace comp foie ede whee wetted ete ‘Sata napoleon rine eee a ng {ein the eat of tah olen te Ati tc two ris od el ere otra thatnnyctermprey ee nga ht terre ete Huson sot rece eth cant uote sang ning vlon, ‘hail. Phe io of eee fr ean Js os cm ry a ew i eg lr) tha the nget ies ea hs, Tiel ay there ance wi nt of yng ny fhe ie, {Neotel y muy ance! eek ror bowee nny madera ae ‘eins et the do os ty betwee ert ties) Ths omen ‘Sonne grate tm sete tas atin wat ong te de. ‘ihe fn Be hove hg oer cnt wh he go hw and yout wle san a fi, yor tape o So hate Harte aes: {Shr in ws ee a th tas ‘Stu ttt oun fo ret a et hte ‘vara tesco ale he ‘espa cosa at asm hes gh ache cas going confi ben ves, es eam, Mad wnt dst ten ony or wer hyo in te as {ie Mow sting ert wo hae tn sh et oe ‘eshte a cots rot al eae pre ot ca eel coer et thse wy Tea ren coer {hyundai em mutant tein ext (2 cmptng sal ster, tal hoki owed what seed sempe Sh pcan be prairies her br ay teal as ae aca Mecontagculit cl nel one gl abot wha Ietobedne Tho the ppnow rau on oud tol emphases Thence of imton att aco, tsb acknowl How engl ‘Se pce way oun eth papmt ta crmsans where hal vale financial erie ches hoe toe (999) ‘pot gps tengo he acts sda ee tt ‘let or" lo whales are areas once [oo at than colng sitar race” “te ctnprsry vara Kant lita epochs hanes lon tht ort hae spy 29 cet ening ats Ta ‘Stab (99) ge shin ch eet ‘ie by frnceto whee po Kan nga whee crac ene ‘TSommlnent tnt acing perl, ul ove bmn ok ct Aod 9s sexe sans have ep! wat ghy at te got tn ‘et wo wher ut sot pet lew nen fore es rena oid ape than low ay geogercely tanec uy fee rant 1994 a Hater 190), Sots thn spss ee ey thal or ar on aly red ‘outta tees waht etn pace spl wt Nee, nga chs tha try esr nt i (ee Oa 1996, 50, ts Kens a tion nel tat est signe by eng wa swe arto act n acne wae wat ‘soetd wy sna in tres mB poled abe wt ‘he vts we For vtor cisto be age ang et to coe oh ‘etn i Ved be omg wth cout of he dines ote compare ct es ot | fly en wet to the wae whch at fe pac eal oe inti eons eh caesar oth ae ewe heh Eye) vehatsto ing ot ht vu cise an eet to eo per Many vt ts ad tro es ‘norco eset flan iw tht the vas corte ‘th we nd oder oe any rang te On thy eel Oy et (1972001) and lasts (987: 199), necks hoe ete ecm hy are partofanihag web etna shhh ship nat an Ewe what wich we cnc have neo fourhig on tsman eng Acre t ese te carci ty of ‘man asthe exert ronal pays aly eg trey rain eng ae epene in a exo way. Tee them wh samo ng he ter el ob ing aa ‘Atha egos to rong he ues droped apelby Mo Ste (0992, tie coemnul Ah tee oy ws en er sur ene Sr fe at comme ws ‘ont wnt carats ats ely amie ct cel ‘gre sr a At tes so et Teen = wht thas ita th Ste 01207 att kmh {can tne setenv ce sh ns ney dae nr "a Und ab (208 ob dae aon catia cr whith ‘Seba ‘eel wh etna nonpls aonelanatn se “an edi err Set) acre a ts es ‘stn lien tenn stan er toes re ‘ey anorectic de sapbon,Ston (200119) imps were goto eg ory oan erro te Imex way, wheher ont seh apse en ee ‘hea ore apts tate decane, Swaton (2008 823) ‘gc con Ith ln the st leotard” wi och {rete die edt roosting ho inven eel ‘ego eve, ean eta ela Meat aly oe ‘ecofilin sone see ven phe ot rosaries), 96 inn nea ietue abies Approaches to Bites ‘Salto eamitute to Sx, Vetus acs prove dance new erspetrs ee anos amanrnarareacas Sete agree eromecrnertt Sees parece Sootos neers an nae oats Sat Em ino eae tare chaarraatanaa tt ween antennae ee en nian entree ie erence cme seoreanianetnaimoemtenb ate seers aerate meer Sees areas mtg rena taeinaichetestereaccamnngracos imraearanckenneoneatcieetomtance cmeeeanatesttecaamnetea tient btn etna et see rt nen pat copa piaumeoremeran aie Seay seme catenin eterna ee atiamemeaenicarecrraeans eterna gust cuca ae ST ol mmeenremvcrncmmgemse ein ete caeaniesiaenneemnceemane iereictaaste ty ieeamearen ie sonectic en oeae aera teemoent ecnemeedeoicnetcn ie oes Canavan sentiment ato, noe ranmetntan meena euinregeicmeaaniemnrrmnoares iieccuaeimwtetpeenenreimncrtstae welt vim ars cnt lw en oi 8 eg ice tg tno cana mciamecnituanat mrtarnnorscare 7 nortan mor tea eve log 8 tig A nem mane etfs hay qt sa tl eo, nd th vc ee tak ‘edt pee when we cad enna ve ee he Fat here ‘Seon whine He nts ima tae baad gon ope © ae ‘eto niet jn cy wool perm oh a ton oe cad a Hower whe psn nando tb a ay. wets lak 1 ao m agony he rant he ace vt ae wo Sith ea ying atthe at eligi cary wall ory ee ‘pec sch xeon se flout ented stn, Aiton vt ete po sir ata eli tf vrs rts il te Okey stn ccking 001) incon tcc at ua ites ‘thee canneon wh ub he merc gnc od ta Me The ‘ete vars psn tens be ee gh sn ees {rte Thus, baths chaey stl pa a ol ck of cs ‘Shara cant oka var th ta ey the co et {polation eh er exam, ral bln uly co {Tce dogre on es” owe eters cat une twa tn ae eh erent un a fess edn. Say nator le wth ve ens trent by hl tt el cmt ‘ay inetd to! heme, soil cocap sds rh ‘omer alps gro tn wes Oi a ‘Geking 20019 T awe agra omens mo al olen eo oe lth th nt tr cnet tse eng ‘ati iy, oeuvre aon bt {ts wit roe veto hing te vitae ares ton {oe pets the with ses Ue lal fh tat Heche cesta apg ade a psn pst iain eget !tonomyfiiging the ink tr ate arse pe fone ae pokson nest vata ci so es lye a ‘rena Tr te hes joc hs en apd tthe ea rosea login md oraing lo ie psn tae pace ass (ean 2007 Frente Rod (2007 rg tering er peyhiate gn etal heh ad ing eater pst dre ‘hse esis bowloge sky ae, ng we ing” Sec ins "personaly ye ety tse sta on re ve sk [even tht rope unre ce el nthe thre ptt a Shp. 12 Kalen eq at se andthe tc ch tp cra Ingo. spun pecalyvlerate oe cats An Aes (200) agus at compan cure fence ele ve ‘tnang ciao an Hn 1989), ond vee ccs ang tee tore i res pty has ben stm mateo ng. ‘te and marapeais te aug od bent cre geeray Gara 2006107 Tadeo wna ies oe promi and sight een oan sn ae, Sn Plein sad Get ras) sham woo ee oe . cle yas antag sey ed na pg fan ‘Nya domes wha al ergot al dtincte ice a ‘artnpatt mar eebave, te chs species etl pte eal ‘steeple re by bkig od Sos pie ato Sa ‘Seve of chaccc iswch re ic fit tn at reat. Sy meso, rng st: (ee De 1988 43-02: Cod od ‘ko 200 Jn 2006 Palin 1995, Sp 1985 Torn 2008) ‘owe se who akonelie tie pct fis chat sod toca ao do ot ea wt ae pect tess ace Sling «teary pct spaenen Yo santas dlp “htc mort 6 hvacha Cle 2008 Hae 19; Paleo ‘ol Teams 1993). Cots of Vir is ‘A umber af esc eo i of vine bl eproche:Ov concen I eter the motion e's aro ia nou to eee a {io he a tht cnn ho ro en Seva stot in nl oe tle ea ray ‘Since on a tas eg have ets eae deo, Seuttao pre might aay tsps uns tea way. she gt {Sl tna prensa cheno tie con whch wos be ney Honea ‘ao i pi, ot pace? Ae art Laden 9 ‘mor pt ate aly get oe ra toh ean scm oto she pe wont tah ny ‘itn ste pate at nmr a ne ten 90 mo) No: tothe eet hat he tam erp oul ey ou pe et cen pre ould teh renee ach anya ae ‘mma sss nl eter sey ara Rena ree ‘Sets hs th pelt eer a ted [Satna wny ying ot ht is ow peel mete weve Sci toe Ai, cers ory sian o0 cin abut win» resonate ‘mre ing pe by nt ‘Seen ers wc oa at gn pc baa el) Sapna wnt coe wos antral ess pan ime epnts ption ow to ra ta th spn ie es mh wi have rings aut he pr tof pent ach estan Wich Madey an er fe eaeg won out a hig earn 9 ster than sito a ot Meas chr Andy toc meta acon, ‘shovarde tay cee cer everyones ‘ste wnt wnt ders ‘nwt Ra on Re 0) Tow case te tr ots ch nde cna att en tensor eo for commit Saher with hrs ew ee Slearel yt freon home furtiga ‘recent coe str tt i et eo it non fs pha at ow tr tena “mv ptr rpc sce sey sp nat Ete cements ere ats pete cng th Ee Eo) tate one spss ee te Ch cae pen ome ath oe or ae Sthiaoa grec oat ns pets ‘cinsst nina lawn sy tartare fe mit tt ye i fe sete {ity nn deta ea hese ora Seaitantan erect wl do lies set Tint teeny et enters ‘tom lo at ot won fo es tin ‘tnt ing iy nso whet ed fon wn eo rat sn oct pn wee on Irma ire 993) Tots cr Reo ny ue ete st tom hon hay Ue sa ebe Teie ‘Ses st omer recy uy cs Ss swt sa wi itn cece ea fo ‘iin oat hata et pap serio dnc nese ir ato eg. ecm rr sr nay be me sl» ag af ‘Shor tum pe alin cer lence ents yl ‘Stier recep mit eee te tnt ay hn a tom cto iy ne pra fly th te ee eth (98845) a the mrs em ‘Sra Snpg dre hoy se ee wth mnt Repcy cae nd de per a es ay tena eo ‘ors noe patty tn ocr {inwteil by ter'mow tinea whey tet ees ‘tote pany dre cto seen re San ‘ahve tn aly ch are ma encima oes es cnt alae eat yn dors arta ‘tc nha 209 De 99 Naan 1975 ee Pg do 99 Ras Rc 200, Now, me vt thin wid ution wither he get el roy it ee mefennne eg Sol 1982) Hwee sues ts an tate ee ‘nose dee ned set wre tr och ce Tote 0 reno to ik {Pesos tly troy pod mateo ol deston, bt have «pra ‘ialeonont wish nies dng it cece sci gy bos tritthevine date As Santon (200) puts acing ety ees ting {Tote rg tener, we ig tn the xen {eshte agent ey dose the ous rect tat whch wea sou {Sy doer ely an eal enerees owl nga ft ‘nar fn «fet leg tht potent oe nearer toe ‘nian Alay, nce te he sc does at ms oc lo gatos hedge ow he gs hawt vite aan gh et tenn cng se ar ie wh peep ere Ti, thelr somata ete pay owl ss ly "se ono wth Vistas penn who ray tos might eves two shnconrere pen haa Son ae shat pepe delet te ‘Stig an rent hing at aly vats agente woul {hits terete china that ¥ ft cpu th ght fee ‘ons n Vey ina ano yoo ot il hoi sack tons ‘Siem wth (app ant Std 200: 5 aly 199 260, onan 200) As Reber Jaton ts tthe dis el mgronenant ew ee oy ‘vas btw sch ti ee ngs at wos Be hart of ‘Eur es Freon ogo (2003 81) rans to tn arch {ouoe camphor hte os batten a that wh hl argh todo somthing t= ly oa get wold. ily tous get woatvt betta et thet plas. Buti cae Ua dee rece whee wl oe ght todo sneing ts owas ex Pts many smstans ela lls ti ees ‘who steal vitun Theecoa so mses gre how vis BRL AP ‘Crete ne hota ur onal eg ass dco wy) oh odo gt mater be neat what eto ern wl 3) Inver it vetan es an consent ogni ach le ereton (Oley an acing 201) mpeg V, thn ctl teen mt be pst ‘tn te cetaceofte get mene “Thr vy dbus abou he ert fr vue i in Wit tai cs nol pycgy Wiha ft th vrs tebe payed ‘eile tonsa et cote ae on ee expand by alae “onal wratons thay he mans we commonly ue bt nes ‘tae tts bamec os toa Cane 99% Dos 200: aan 199) ‘Sharing thes tes Jon Daten atresia ie han ‘tment poled what swt characte hy my ‘apr have (200% Some ower, dapat cts of ich tao. ‘th otra ti cero ise carseat wae atl eased Uy the ee tet pe Khar 208; Meret 200; St on Ser 2008. Ses 203) nny ce, dares cle abs bas wh ae es tcc te tha a tay y tana ee. Br Intase sine whines have aye great srage oem al ‘inter fade to een cnrp tev tr rete ea {Ba a 2005, erp acting ry ets tie ht ‘Sins hk, tht by eon sana Varco Mahe act, Concusion Seis cnc i hd athe a toy mae ipieant cottons nth ara, on tae em oe one eve the apeon la to est ts opts t el er Shea ewoloe pean ed seagate say st hat throne ef vases embattled arate ss ae teva chang he ial Inge, tee vite ed eqrochesto nnn Meth te wy grog rie hee (Stel pots. Referees Aamo (95 an ed tie, My 312 ‘Remar. 8200) foe og ita eh rng poe, ‘hime 0 28 se nto 00 19790 Pi a Bh shuns san nt 0), ac Vi shh wae, ti pe ita sya of Be 0 6218 ‘mend (1989) erty at Anta Pht rs 207 ‘Sea 999 un plan comercial ot ‘een a ra of ay 7 opp wat (200, aay nue tn eon arm ent wk tae

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