By the end of the lecture, the students will be able to:

• Be familiarized with reciprocating type of pumps

RECIPROCATING PUMP
A reciprocating pump essentially consists of a piston
moving to and from in a cylinder. The piston is driven
by a crank powered by some prime mover such an
electric motor, I.C. engine or steam engine.
RECIPROCATING PUMP

Diagrammatic view of a double action pump

Components,
WorkingAdvantages
& Disadvantages
The following are the main parts of the reciprocating
pump.

1. Cylinder
2. Piston
3. WaterSump(well)
4. SuctionPipe
5. Suctionvalve
6. DeliveryPipe
7. Deliveryvalve
 Working of Reciprocating
Pump:
The reciprocating pump essentially consists of a piston
which moves to and from in
a cylinder. The cylinder is connected to the suction pipe
and delivery pipe.

The suction pipe is connected between the cylinder and

sump and the delivery pipe is connected between the
cylinder and the required height to be delivered.

These pipes are provided with non-return valve or

one-way valve called as suction and delivery valves
respectively and that means, the liquid is admitted
only in one direction.

Thus suction valve allows the liquid only to enter into

the cylinder and the delivery
valve permits only its discharge from the cylinder.
Working of Reciprocating
Pump:

The piston is connected to the crank by means of a connecting rod. As the crank is rotated at a uniform
speed by a driving engine or motor, the Piston moves to and fro (backward and forward) in acylinder.

Before starting the operation, the piston is at the extreme left position, when the crank rotates fromθ=0°
to 180°, the Piston moves to its extreme right position.

Crank is rotated at a uniform speed by the motor to which the

pump is coupled.
The connecting rod converts the rotary motion of the crank into
reciprocating
motion of thePiston.
 Working of Reciprocating
Pump:

Duringthe outward stroke of the Piston, a partial vacuum pressure below

atmospheric is createdinside the cylinder, which makes the liquid in the well or
sump in which atmospheric pressure is acting to force the liquid through the suction pipe into the cylinder
through a suction valve.

The outward stroke of the piston is calleda suction stroke.

At the end of the stroke, the piston is at the extreme right position. The crank is at 180° and the cycle is full of
liquid, suction valve is closedand thedelivery valve is just at the point ofopening.

When the crankrotatesfrom 180° to 360°, the Piston movesfrom right to left.
Working of Reciprocating
Pump:

The inward movement of the Piston causes the pressure of a liquid in a cylinder to rise above atmospheric,
due to which suction valve closes and a delivery valve opens.

The liquid is then forced up the delivery pipe and raised to the required height. This is called a
delivery stroke.

At the end of this stroke, the piston is at the extreme left position; the crank is at 360° or 0° so that it
has completed one full revolution and both suction and delivery valves areclosed.

The same cycle is repeated as the crank rotates.

Type of ReciprocatingPump:
According to the source of work and mechanism, the following are the types of
reciprocating pumps

According to the source of work

✓ Simplehand-operated
✓ Power-operated deep well
According to the Air vessels
✓ Pump with air vessels
✓ Pump without air vessels
According to the Mechanism
✓ Single-acting reciprocatingpump
✓ Double-acting reciprocatingpump
✓ Triple-acting reciprocatingpump
 FLOW RATE & POWER

Theoretical flow rate per second for single

acting pump is given by,
 FLOW RATE & POWER
Where L is the length of stroke, A is the cylinder or piston area and N is the
revolution per minute. It is desirable to express the same in terms of crank
radius and the angular velocity as simple harmonic motion is assumed.
 FLOW RATE & POWER
In double acting pumps, the flow will be nearly
twice this value. If the piston rod area is taken
into account, then
 FLOW RATE & POWER
Compared to the piston area, the piston rod area is very
small and neglecting this will lead to an error less than 1%.

For multi-cylinder pumps, expressions are to be multiplied

by the number of cylinders.
 SLIP
There can be leakage along the valves, piston rings, gland
and packing which will reduce the discharge to some
extent. This is accounted for by the term slip.
SLIP
 AIR VESSEL
The top half contains compressed air and the lower portion contains water
or the fluid being pumped. Air and water are separated by a flexible
diaphragm which can move up or down depending on the difference in
pressure between the fluids.
AIR VESSEL
AIR VESSEL
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
A single acting reciprocating pump has a bore of 200 mm and a stroke
of 350 mm and
runs at 45 rpm. The suction head is 8 m and the delivery head is 20 m.
Determine the
theoretical discharge of water and power required. If slip is 10%, what is
the actual flow rate?
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 2

A double acting reciprocating pump has a bore of 150 mm and stroke

of 250 mm and runs at 35 rpm. The piston rod diameter is 20 mm. The
suction head is 6.5 m and the delivery head is 14.5 m. The discharge of
water was 4.7 l/s. Determine the slip and
the power required.
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 3

In a single acting reciprocating pump with plunger diameter of 120 mm and

stroke of 180 mm running at 60 rpm, an air vessel is fixed at the same level as the
pump at a distance of 3 m. The diameter of the delivery pipe is 90 mm and the length is
25 m. Friction factor is 0.02. Determine the reduction in accelerating head and the
friction head due to the fitting of air vessel.
SAMPLE PROBLEM 3
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 4
single acting reciprocating of pump handles water. The bore and stroke of the unit
are 20 cm and 30 cm. The suction pipe diameter is 12 cm and length is 8 m. The
delivery pipe diameter is 12 cm and length is 24 m. f = 0.02. The speed of operation
is 32 rpm. Determine the friction power with and without air vessels.
SAMPLE PROBLEM 4