St. Paul University Philippines: Factors That Influence Student of Cagayan in Choosing ABM STRAND

1
St. Paul University Philippines

Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
Factors That Influence Student of Cagayan
In Choosing ABM STRAND
A Research Proposal
Presented to the Faculty of the
Accountancy, Business Management
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in
Practical Research 1
BY: Noer Dela Cruz
Jademae Esteves
CHAPTER 1:
2
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
INTRODUCTION
A career choice is important because it
determines your success in the next stages of your life
(PAMS, n.d).
Choosing a track is critical for making a
student highly proficient in the field where his or her
chosen track is related to, especially if the student wishes
to work immediately after graduating from Senior High
School. As most educators say, a mismatch in the track and
the student’s interests, personality and passion may lead to
a poorly knowledgeable graduate who will find it hard to
compete in the job market or keep up with other students
when he or she goes to college. The researchers chose this
topic for the students to know what are the factors that
influence the students in choosing Accounting, Business and
Management track or strand. Each student in Senior High
School can choose among three tracks: Academic; Technical-
Vocational-Livelihood; and Sports and Arts. The Academic
track includes three strands: Accountancy, Business
Management (ABM); Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS);
and Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM).

3
The Accountancy focuses not only for the people who wants to
have a business someday but also to get knowledge about
auditing, accounting, and communicating to the investors.
Accountancy, Business and Management can also lead you
to careers on management and accounting which could be sales
manager, human resources, marketing director, project
officer, bookkeeper, accounting clerk, internal auditor, and
a lot more.
Accountancy can help you to have opportunity to have a
good job and to be a Certified Public Accountant in the
future.
According to R.N Anthony, “nearly every business
enterprise has accounting system. It is a means of
collecting, summarizing, analyzing and reporting in monetary
terms, information’s about business”. According to Smith and
Ashburne, “accounting is the art of recording, classifying
and summarizing in a significant manner and in terms of
money, transactions and events, which are, in part at least,
of a financial character and interpreting the result
thereof”.
Accounting is an integral part of this track. By
getting attune to the critical principles of how the

4
exchange of money actually works and the foundational
mathematical syllogisms that makeup accounting theory, you
are going to learn how to properly handle a business and
your own finances.
The researchers are conducting this study to open
the minds of students about what they will be when they take
the ABM stand.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Senior High School is two years of specialized
upper secondary education; students may choose a
specialization based on aptitude, interests and school
capacity. The choice of career track will define the content
of the subjects a student will take in Grades 11 and 12. SHS
subject fall under either the Core Curriculum or specific
Tracks (Official Gazette, 2012). Accountancy and Business
Management (ABM) strand officer subjects which will help and
open our minds into the business world therefore become the
ticket to the corporate world. And as our economy grows the
years, more and more job opportunities are being available
(Sparksbooks Nicholas, 2017).

5
This research was proposed to recognize the range
of influenced students that'll choose ABM as their strand.
To the one of the most important demographics for incoming
grade 11 students depending on their interests. For this
research the grade 10 students who are going to enroll and
being able to locate at the SPUP principally the higher
school of SPUP incoming grade 11 students.
There are some of the students, chooses their
strand based on their interest. Some choose their strand
based on what their close friends will take. There are also
some, choose according to what their parents wanted
This research was proposed to recognized the range of
influenced student that’ll choose ABM as their strand. To
the one of the most important demographics for incoming
Grade 11 students depending on their interest. For this
research, the Grade 10 students who are going to enroll and
being able to locate at the Saint Paul University of the
Philippines, principally, the Higher School of SPUP incoming
Grade11 students.
The researchers conduct this study to know why
students choose the Accountancy Business Management strand

6
instead of other strands. Also to know what influences the
students to choose Accountancy Business Management Strand.
PROCESS PROCESS
INPUT
Survey Survey
Track
Preference Data Data
Gathering Gathering
Interest
PARADIGM
The paradigm shows the input, process and output of the
study. The input are track preference and interest, to
know what does influence the students to choose their
strand, it’s in what track preference they are and
their interest. To finish the output, the process that
the researchers conduct is survey and data gathering.
After the process is done, it come up with an output

7
which is the students will know what are the factors
that influence ABM students to choose the ABM strand.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Topic: Choosing ABM strand
Title of the Research: Factors that Influence Students in
Choosing ABM strand.
1. What are the factors that influence students in
choosing ABM strand?
2. What are the advantages of the students in choosing
ABM strand?
3. How will the ABM strand help these students in
preparing for a business
course?
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

8
The study will cover Senior High School students who
wants to pursue their career on business world. Our
research is for the Grade 11 and Grade 12students that
take the ABM strand as their career path here in SPUP.
This study will not only focus on what ABM strand is
all about but what factors it influence the students to
choose this strand.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The importance of this study is to know what are the
factors that influence the students of Senior High
School of SPUP to take the ABM course.
This study will be beneficial to the following:
Students will benefit from this study because Students
who want to enter the business world will learn from
this study. This would also help them to know if they
are compatible in this strand.
Teachers can have some tips on how will the students be
interested on this strand and this can also be their
guide for teaching.
Schools will benefit from this study because they will
know what the students want to learn about ABM.

9
To Future Researchers, for future references.
Definition of Terms
Accountancy -In this study, accountancy is a major course of
the business course, and the second most popular course in
the SPUP.
Business -In this study, business courses is a program or
study offered at different universities and colleges that
focuses only on business theory.
ABM strand -In this study, ABM strand is one of the academic
tracks. This means Accountancy, Business and Management.
This strand also a big help for those people or students
who plan on taking up Business Administration or getting a
business someday.
SHS (Senior High School) Curriculum –In this study covers
the last 2 year of the K-12 program and includes Grade 11

10
and 12. In SHS, students will go through a core curriculum
and subjects under a track of their choices. SHS curriculum
has 4 tracks, Sports Track, Art and Design, Technical-
Vocational Livelihood and Academic Track. The ABM is one of
the part of Academic Track.
CHAPTER 2:
Chapter 2 is divided into 4 parts: (1) Review of
related Literature; (2)Review of related Studies;
(3) Theoretical Framework; (4) Definition of Terms.
Part 1, Review of related Literature, contains the
Senior High School or the Academic Track and what are
the subjects that fit the Business Courses. Part 2,
Review of related Studies, enumerates on how the
Business Course or ABM strand could be effective to

11
enter business world. Part 3, Theoretical Framework,
the researchers are looking forward on what are the
advantage and disadvantage of the Business Courses or
ABM strand. Part 4, Definition of Terms, the
researchers
explain what are the important terms.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A.B.M. (Accountancy, Business and management Track)
The ABM Track or the Accountancy, Business and
Management is for those who are planning on taking up
Economics, Business Management, Accountancy and
Marketing on college.The Accountancy, Business and
Management (ABM) strand would focus on the
basic concepts of financial management, business management,
corporate operations, and all things that are accounted
for. ABM can also lead you to careers on management and

12
accounting which could be sales manager, human resources,
marketing director, project officer, bookkeeper, accounting
clerk, internal auditor, and a lot more. One of the
significant features of the K to 12 systems is the
integration of specialized tracks designed to help students
in determining their respective career paths. These four
tracks—academic, technical-vocational, sports, and arts and
design—are aimed at enhancing a student’s ability based on
what he wants to do after graduation. The technical
vocational, sports, and arts and design tracks will allow
students to join the workforce immediately upon graduation
while the academic track prepares students for further
studies.
The ABM strand in its most fundamental sense refers to
the accountancy, business, and management academic programs
that concentrate on the foundational concepts in corporate
operations, financial management, business management, as

13
well as each and every factor that revolves around those
central fields.
The ABM strand can take you on a direct path to careers
in accounting and management: sales management, human
resources, marketing director, bookkeeper, project officer,
accounting clerk, internal auditor, and many more.
The ABM strand curriculum opens the avenues for you to gain
a more nuanced appreciation of the intrinsic elements that
make up the world of accounting and business management
courses in the Philippines without having to dive
deeper into the specialized complexities of mathematical
fields such as algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and others.
The subjects involved in the ABM strand are designed
and crafted for you develop the appropriate tools that you
are going to utilize all throughout your journey in the
corporate world. By taking the ABM strand you will be

14
trained to analyze assets, understand everything involved
with financial positions, interpret various profitability,
and prepare audit accounts.
In Senior High School there are four career tracks for
students to choose from: Academic, Technical-Vocational-
Livelihood, Sports, and Art & Design. One of the strands in
Academic track is Accountancy and Business Management (ABM)
which offers subjects which will help and open our minds
into the business world therefore, become the ticket to the
corporate world. The purpose of writing the literature is
to highlight and broaden the knowledge of the students of
what ABM really is. The literature review focuses on the
ABM strand, for the students to have a background knowledge
about it, to let them know what are the possible courses
they can take up in college in line with the said strand and
the potential jobs they can acquire in the future.
Accountancy and Business Management (ABM) strand offers
subjects which will help and open our minds into the
15
business world, therefore, become the ticket to the
corporate world.
Hypothesis
When participants are grouped according to their profile,
there is no significant difference in their assessment of
the implementation of the practicum program and the
technical skills required in their chosen strand.
REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
Factors that influence the choice of specialization of
students
The respondents of the researchers should rank the
interest first, second, the personality, third, the
family’s influence and fourth, friend’s influence. The
earning potential of your chosen profession is likely
to be a factor that influences your career path. You
may find one aspect of your career is more financially

16
rewarding than another, or that working your way
through the ranks holds greater financial incentive
than staying in the same job. Your personal financial
needs are also likely to influence the career choices
you make. Opportunity is the third factor that has
shaped career choices for students. Opportunity may
influence how students have perceived their future in
terms of the reasonable probability of a future in
particular career fields.
Personality plays an important role in the choosing of
the right career. A student’s personality must be self-
motivated type, as to investigate career
possibilities from early on in their lives, and not the
procrastinating type that waits till they are compelled to
decide. Students must take seriously the role grades play in
limiting opportunities in the future. Splaver went on to say
“It is important for you to have a good understanding of
yourself, your personality, if you are to make intelligent
career plans”. (Splaver 2000, p. 12), perception of being
suitable for particular jobs also has been found to be
influenced by a number of factors including ethnic
background, year in school, level of achievement, choice of

17
science subjects, attitudes and differences in job
characteristics. Most of the students lack adequate
information regarding various careers hence the choices that
they make are embedded in their perception of the ideal job
and the subjects they study in secondary school. Parents
often have an influence on the career paths their offspring
pursue. A parent may urge a child into a vocation similar to
their own, or to one that has demonstrated high earning
power. You may find yourself attracted to a particular line
of work because of your parents’ professional history, which
likely has given you a first-hand perspective on that type
of work. Many children grow up idealizing the professions of
their parents. If you always looked up to your mother and
admired her teaching skills, that may influence you to
pursue a career in education. Parents may also intentionally
or unintentionally push a child toward a particular career
path, especially in the cases of family-owned businesses,
where parents expect their children to take over the
company. Still other parents apply pressure on their
offspring to strive for particular high-profile careers,
feeling they are encouraging their children to reach high.
One consistent finding in research suggests that
adolescents’ own aspirations are influenced by their

18
parent’s aspirations or expectations. Parental support and
encouragement are important factors that have been found to
influence career choice. Children may choose what their
parents desire simply to please them. Friends and Classmates
also influenced individuals in choosinga career. People
around contribute a lot in one’s decision-making. Friends
may influence an individual choice of career. Individual
interest may be affected by peers for the reason that one
wants to be with them in fulfilling dreams or a certain
career. Classmates also play an important role in the
formation of student’s achievement, related beliefs and
values, even if these classmates do not always correspond
with the peer group of leisure-time friends. These RRL’sare
related to the researcher’s study because it is the factors
that influence the students in choosing their strand. It can
be because it is their interest, because of family that is
handling a business that will pass to them in the future,
it’s a big responsibility for the family. Friends can also
be the factors of the ABM students to choose the strand
because it influence them.
RESEARCH DESIGN
19
Burns and Grave (2009) define a research design as 'a
blueprint for conducting a study with maximum control over
factors that may interfere with the validity of the
findings'.
This research will use a descriptive research paper to
survey 50 Grade 11 and 12 students in Saint Paul University
of the Philippines. The researchers used a qualitative
research in conducting a study. This research involves the
collection of
information to answer the questions concerning about the
current status related to the main subject. It will tackle
the factors affecting the students in choosing the
Accountancy, Business and Management strand.
STATISTICAL TREATMENT
Data gathered through the instrument was subjected to
statistical treatment to test the alternative hypothesis
advanced in the study. The following statistical treatments
are to be use:
1. The frequency distribution will be used in order to show
the number of respondents according to how they view their
work. Such frequency distribution will be made for

20
interpreting the data and representing it, which will make
it easier to analyze, handle and interpret.
2. To be able to know the average (mean) and percentile, the
following formulas are made.
X=
Wherein:
N = total number of students
∑x = sum of the factors that influence students in choosing
ABM strand.
3. In testing the null hypothesis that there is no
significant relation between the HSU students that influence
to choose ABM as their strand. The researcher will make use
of Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient with the
formula.
r =
INSTRUMENT OF THE STUDY
The instrument used to collect the data is through survey
which is classified as formal. The formal survey is composed
of open-ended questions related to the research problem

21
which is Factors that Influence Students in Choosing ABM
strand in St. Paul University of the Philippines.
The questionnaire is composed of an open-ended question that
is easy to answer. The content of this questionnaire, is it
their interest that pursue them in choosing the ABM, is it
their parents, friends or track preference, etc. Research
will be conducted as a result of the survey as it is the
most effective and fastest process in obtaining our
respondent's answers. The question provided was made for the
convenience of the respondents in order for them to
understand easily the thought. The survey was divided into
parts to give a step-by-step process in the knowledge of
respondents.
DATA GATHERING
For the study's execution, the researchers will send a
letter of approval to the Senior High School Coordinator
Set-A. The researchers will also send a letter of request to
the principals of each chosen school in Cagayan, requesting
permission to conduct the study and distribute the
questionnaires to the participants. To ensure a more
reliable and valid response, the researchers will personally
distribute the questionnaires to the participants. Following

22
the completion of the questionnaires, the researchers will
compile and tally all of the data. After tallying the data,
the researchers immediately send it to their research
teacher, who will compute the results using SPSS software.
DATA ANALYSIS
The data collected were analyzed in quantitative method
such that the (1) information about the students'
profile which includes strand were coded with numbers;
(2)What are the factors influenced participant in
choosing ABM strand;(3) What are the technical skills
needed by the participants after graduating in ABM
strand;(4) Is there significants difference on the
participants assessment on the factors influencing them
in choosing ABM strand when group according to profile
variables; (5)Is there significants difference on the
participants Technical skills needed after graduating
ABM strand when group according to profile variables.

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1

St. Paul University Philippines

Factors That Influence Student of Cagayan

In Choosing ABM STRAND

Presented to the Faculty of the

Accountancy, Business Management

St. Paul University Philippines

Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

BY: Noer Dela Cruz

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

A career choice is important because it

determines your success in the next stages of your life

Choosing a track is critical for making a

student highly proficient in the field where his or her

chosen track is related to, especially if the student wishes

to work immediately after graduating from Senior High

School. As most educators say, a mismatch in the track and

the student’s interests, personality and passion may lead to

a poorly knowledgeable graduate who will find it hard to

compete in the job market or keep up with other students

when he or she goes to college. The researchers chose this

influence the students in choosing Accounting, Business and

Management track or strand. Each student in Senior High

School can choose among three tracks: Academic; Technical-

Vocational-Livelihood; and Sports and Arts. The Academic

track includes three strands: Accountancy, Business

Management (ABM); Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS);

and Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM).

have a business someday but also to get knowledge about

auditing, accounting, and communicating to the investors.

Accountancy, Business and Management can also lead you

to careers on management and accounting which could be sales

manager, human resources, marketing director, project

officer, bookkeeper, accounting clerk, internal auditor, and

Accountancy can help you to have opportunity to have a

good job and to be a Certified Public Accountant in the

According to R.N Anthony, “nearly every business

enterprise has accounting system. It is a means of

collecting, summarizing, analyzing and reporting in monetary

terms, information’s about business”. According to Smith and

Ashburne, “accounting is the art of recording, classifying

and summarizing in a significant manner and in terms of

money, transactions and events, which are, in part at least,

of a financial character and interpreting the result

Accounting is an integral part of this track. By

getting attune to the critical principles of how the

exchange of money actually works and the foundational

mathematical syllogisms that makeup accounting theory, you

are going to learn how to properly handle a business and

your own finances.

The researchers are conducting this study to open

the ABM stand.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Senior High School is two years of specialized

upper secondary education; students may choose a

specialization based on aptitude, interests and school