2.
PARALANGUAGE/VOCALICS
NON VERBAL COMMUNICATIONS
TYPES OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
1. BODY MOVEMENTS/KINETICS/KINESICS
 Also known as body kinetics, they might come in
different categories, such as:
a. Emblems:
These are body movements,which have direct
translations into words.
b. Illustrators:
These are used to accent, emphasize, or reinforce
words
c. Regulators:
These are signs showing control of the back and forth
natures of speaking and listening. They might signal
the beginning and end of interaction.
d. Display of feelings:
- natural or spontaneousA person’s face and body
movements may convey how intense his or her
emotions are.
e. Adaptors:
These are non-verbal ways used in adapting to the
situation. Usually, these are implied meanings that
the speaker would like to say but chooses to express
them through action instead.
- a series of body movements
– reveals to intention of the speaker
It refers to the ways of saying something. It includes
such characteristics as:
Rate:speed of speaking
Pitch:highness or lowness of voice
Volume:loudness
Intonation:rise and fall of voice in speaking
Gasps:sudden inhalation through the mouth
Sigh:loud exhalation through the mouth
Throat- clearing: soft coughing
3. SPACE AND DISTANCE/PROXEMICS
Space and distance is studied in PROXEMICS, the
study that deals with the amount of space that people
feel is necessary to set between themselves and others
a. Intimate distance
In this situation, people are in direct contact with
each other or are in no more than 18 inches apart.
People feel irritated and intimated when this distance
is violated.
b. Personal distance
People may stay anywhere from 18 inches to four
feet from each other as in casual and personal
conversations. This distance is close enough to see
each other’s reactions but fair enough not to encroach
in the other person’s intimate distance.
C. Social distance
When talking to persons unknown to the speaker,
he/she must keep distance of 4 feet to 12 feet. This is
mostly done in personal business and social
gatherings or interviews which is expected to be more
formal.
c. Public distance
It is the distance of more than 12 feet typically used
in public speaking. There is a need for the speaker to
speak loudly and to use exaggerated gestures for the
audience to understand what he is trying to convey.
Furthermore, there is a necessity for the availability
of gadgets to aid in sound projection.
4. TOUCH/HAPTICS
The kind of touch used in communication reflects
meaning about the relationship between the sender
and the receiver. The more intense relationship, the
more frequent and more intimate the touch is.
5. TIME/CHRONEMICS
There are two kinds of people based on time:
punctual and late. For example, a student who is
always late in class conveys the message that he is
not interested in the subject or he does not respect the
teacher.
TYPES OF NON VERBAL
1. BODY TYPES
Refers to the appearance of his body (e.g. shape and
size). Wells and Suiegel found out the meaning of
each body type in their research.
A. Ectomorph (thin):
B. It means ambitious, younger,more suspicious of
others,more tensed and nervous,inclined to be more
difficult,more pessimistic, and quieter.
C. Endomorphs (fat)
It means more fashionable, lazier, weaker, more
talkative, older, more warm-hearted and sympathetic,
more good-natured, agreeable, more dependent on
others, and more trusting.
D. Mesomorph
(muscular/athletic)It means stronger, more
adventurous, more matured, more reliant, younger,
and taller.
ATTRACTIVENESS
People who are deemed attractive get more positive
response than those who are perceived to be not
attractive. The physical attributes of a person may
mean something to the people around her.
 They get more dates
 They receive higher grades in college
2. BODY ADORNMENT
This involves form of clothing, make-up, jewellery,
and hairstyle.
According to a survey, women notice first the
clothes, then the eyes followed by the body built.
CULTURAL APPRECIATION ANDCULTURAL CULTURAL DOMINANCE happens when a
APPROPRIATION stronger culture (main culture) tries to suppress the
The main difference between cultural appreciation weaker culture (subculture) because of discrimination
and cultural appropriation is the INTENT and or the desire of the strong to force the weaker culture
RECOGNITION behind utilizing another to abide by their rules.
culture.Hence, cultural appreciation implies goodwill CULTURAL EXPLOITATION is the
and sincere intentions while cultural appropriation inappropriate, unpermitted and unacknowledged use
implies selfish desires and utter disregard for other of another culture out of personal or business interest,
people’s traditions and beliefs. which abuses cultural value and disrespects
traditions.
CULTURAL APPRECIATION TRANSCULTURATION is a process of cultural
When someone utilizes another culture with the transformation marked by the influx of new culture
intent of respecting it and wanting to learn more elements and the loss or alteration of existing ones.
about it
CULTURAL APPROPRIATION
The unacknowledged and inappropriate adaption of
practices, customs and aesthetics of one social or
ethnic group by members of another community or
society
TYPES OF CULTURAL APPROPRIATION
 Cultural Exchange
 Cultural Dominance
 Cultural Exploitation
 Transculturation

CULTURAL EXCHANGE is a broad definition

given to any mutual sharing of information, usually
between cultures for the purpose of improving
friendship and understanding between them.
According to Rogers, it is the “trading of different
symbols, genres or technology between two or more
cultures.”
LOCAL AND GLOBAL COMMUNICATION IN
MULTICULTURAL SETTINGS
CULTURE – originates from a French term, which
in turn derives from the Latin “colore” , which means
to tend to earth and grow , or cultivation and nurture.
(Zimmermann, 2017).
The Center for Advance Research on Language
Acquisitiongoes a step further, defining culture as
shared patterns of behaviors and interactions,
cognitive constructs and understanding that are
learned by socialization.
Cultural Globalization Culture is the lifeblood of a
vibrant society, expressed in may ways we tell our
stories, celebrate, remember the past, entertain
ourselves, and imagine the future. Our creative
expression helps define who we are, and help us see
the world through the eyes
Globalization brings increasing interconnectedness
among different populations and cultures. This has
been successful through the use of Internet culture
media, and international travel.
Importance of having one’s culture:
INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL BENEFITS OF
CULTURE
1. Intrinsic Benefits- Cultural experiences are
opportunities for leisure, entertainment, learning, and
sharing experiences with others.
2. Improved learning and valuable skills for the
future - Cultural heritage broadens opportunities for
education and lifelong learning, including a better
understanding of history.
3. Better health and well-being- Participation in
culture contributes to healthy populations in several
ways.
4. Vibrant Communities-The benefits of culture for
individuals can spill over to society as a whole.
Culture helps build social capital, the glue that holds
communities together.
ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF CULTURE
1. Contribution to job creation- Economic
opportunities created by culture have take on greater
importance as economies transition from the
industrial model, and work based on physical labour,
to a new model in which knowledge and creativity
drive productivity and growth .
2. Contribution to tourism Culture- makes a

INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL BENEFITS OF significant contribution to the tourism industry,

CULTURE further supporting job creation and encouraging

ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF CULTURE infrastructure development.

3. Cultural Planning -Increasingly, municipalities
are recognizing the contribution of culture to sense of
place, quality of life, and community and economic
prosperity through a process called “cultural
planning”.
CULTURAL DIFFERENCES

Culture influences many parts of people’s lives

including the food, dress opinions, identity, music,
buildings, manners, social interaction and language.
Terms
 Fart - We all know the English meaning of the
word fart, but did you know that fart means
speed in Danish ,Norwegian, and Swedish?.
 Gift In German, a gift is not quite as pleasant as
in English , it means poison! Taking it a step
further , gift in Scandinavian languages can mean
both poison and marriage.
 Crap In Romanian, crap means carp, which is a
type of commonly-eaten fish. To be fair , English
has a fish called crappie.
 Brat as perhaps the most fitting example on our
list , brat means brother in Russian, Polish,
Ukrainian, Croatian, and Serbian.
 Kiss Kiss has a more juvenile meaning in
Swedish ---pee

CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
Cultural Sensitivity is more than an awareness that
there are differences in culture on order to interact
effectively either through verbal and non-verbal
communication. People who don’t recognize
differences between cultures fall on stereotyping and
discriminating minority group.