A

Report on

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION USING ETABS

For completing the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING

Submitted By
11N01A0140 VIKRAM REDDY NOMULA
11N01A0146 RAKAM ABHINAY
11N01A0116 DURGAM SAI CHARAN
Supervised By:
K.Raju
Subject: Project

Department of Civil Engineering

Sree Chaitanya College of Engineering
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University
Hyderabad, India
May 2015

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We want to offer our heartfelt thanks to the Department of Civil Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru
Technological University Hyderabad, India for providing us opportunities to conduct this project
and showcase our talent in the field of civil engineering. Many personals have contributed their
valuable time and effort to this project. We are deeply indebted for their guidance, suggestions,
and helps.
We also acknowledge Mr M.Sri Rama Chand the HOD of Civil Engineering and our project
supervisor Mr. K.Raju for worthy guidance, encouragement, and for clearing all the doubts and
problems related to this project.
Likewise, we would like to show our gratitude towards friends, seniors, instructors, and all those
who encouraged and gave suggestions to us in every possible way during this project.

11N01A0140 VIKRAM REDDY NOMULA

11N01A0146 RAKAM ABHINAY
11N01A0116 DURGAM SAI CHARAN

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 DECLARATION
We declare that this project “Building Performance Simulation Using ETABS” for the subject
“Project” has been completed under the guidance of Mr.Rakam Abhinay and is submitted to the
department of civil engineering as a mandatory requirement for attaining an undergraduate degree
in Civil Engineering.
The methodology of the project shows how we carried out the project and verifies all works and
outcomes of this project are unique. Every work related to this project is done by following the
rules and guidance issued by the university.

11N01A0140 VIKRAM REDDY NOMULA

11N01A0146 RAKAM ABHINAY
11N01A0116 DURGAM SAI CHARAN

Supervision By:
Mr. K.Raju:
Sign:

HOD:
M.Sri Rama Chand
Sign:

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 ABSTRACT
In ancient time human used to live in caves, trees, or open spaces without any shelter. Slowly
human beings started to live in huts made of wood, stick, leaves, etc. to protect from sunlight,
harsh environment, rain, animals, etc. With the advancement of civilization, construction methods
have also been advanced. The materials and method of construction have been changed from stone
and mud to reinforced cement concrete. The small hut construction has been replaced by the
modern several-story high-rise construction methods. Buildings are constructed according to their
purpose like to live the simple residential house is constructed whereas and to provide facility like
health, entertainment high rise commercial buildings are constructed. New techniques are being
developed to make buildings safer against internal and external loading, to provide more sense of
security. With the evolution of many times of buildings and many materials and methods of
building construction has changed. The use of reinforced cement concrete is very famous for a
large period and nowadays the construction of steel structures is replacing the RCC structures. It
is the responsibility of the civil engineer to make building construction either RCC or Steel-
Concrete composite structures to be structurally strong to resist all the force and load and fulfill
serviceability criteria. So the concept of Structural analysis and design evolved. The stability is
enhanced and the threats to stability are easily found and overcome by the method of structural
analysis and design. Both ultimate load criteria and serviceability had to be fulfilled for the
construction of multi-storied buildings. The building should withstand the live load, dead load,
and seismic load. Software such as STAAD-PRO, SAP, ETABS, and SAFE is used for virtual
analysis and design before they are designed in the real field. They are much more user-friendly
and easy to use than tedious manual calculations and make buildings stable, safer against internal
and external loading, and provide more sense of security.
In this project, analysis and design of residential G+5 reinforced cement concrete and steel
structure building is done using ETABS. In the beginning, AutoCAD is used to plan and make the
complete floor plan, roof plan, elevations, and sections individually with higher accuracy. The load
calculation sheet is then prepared in MS excel calculating all the values of dead loads, live loads,
and seismic loads using IS Standards. The grid dates of the drawing are imported in the ETABS
and the modeling starts. The nodes, materials, sections sizes are defined and then assigned in the
modal. The loads are assigned along with the load combination and the analysis is run. The errors
are checked and the model is corrected if any errors are found. Making sure there are no errors,
the outcome of the shear, moment, displacement, and total reinforcement is extracted and
compared with another model. In the RCC model, the slabs and staircase are manually designed
after complete modeling of the structure. After the result analysis is completed, the report is
concluded showing the most effective, economic structure and merits of one structure over the
other.

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Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...........................................................................................................2
DECLARATION ........................................................................................................................2
ABSTRACT ...............................................................................................................................4
LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................7
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................8
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................9
1.1 Overview of study .........................................................................................................9
1.2 Historical background ...................................................................................................9
1.3 Statement of problem .................................................................................................. 10
1.4 Objectives of study ..................................................................................................... 10
1.5 Project scope ............................................................................................................... 10
1.6 Project methodology ................................................................................................... 11
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY ................................................................................... 13
CHAPTER 3: TERMS AND TERMINOLOGIES ..................................................................... 15
3.1 Loadings.......................................................................................................................... 15
3.2 Structural Steel Buildings ................................................................................................ 15
3.3 Steel-Concrete Composite Structure ................................................................................ 15
3.4 Reinforced concrete beam ............................................................................................... 15
3.5 Deflection........................................................................................................................ 15
3.6 ETABS ............................................................................................................................ 15
3.7 AutoCAD ........................................................................................................................ 16
CHAPTER 4: DESIGN CONSIDERATION ............................................................................. 17
4.1 Building consideration ..................................................................................................... 17
4.2 Material consideration ..................................................................................................... 18
4.3 Load Consideration ......................................................................................................... 18
4.3.1 Dead Loads............................................................................................................... 18
4.3.2 Live Loads ................................................................................................................ 19
4.3.3 Seismic or Earthquake loads ..................................................................................... 19
4.3.4 Load Combinations Considered ................................................................................ 19
CHAPTER 5: RCC STRUCTURE DESIGN ............................................................................. 20
5.1 Modeling of RCC frames ................................................................................................. 20

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 5.2 Assigning of loads .......................................................................................................... 20
5.3 Concrete design and detailing .......................................................................................... 21
CHAPTER 6: STEEL STRUCTURE DESIGN ......................................................................... 24
6.1 Modelling of steel frames ................................................................................................ 24
6.2 Assigning of loads ........................................................................................................... 24
6.3 Steel design of beam and column ..................................................................................... 25
CHAPTER 7: RESULT AND ANALYSIS ............................................................................... 26
7.1 RCC structure analysis .................................................................................................... 26
7.2 Steel structure analysis .................................................................................................... 26
CHAPTER 7: DISCUSSION .................................................................................................... 28
CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSION OF STUDY............................................................................... 29
8.1 Advantages ...................................................................................................................... 29
8.2 Limitation........................................................................................................................ 29
8.3 Future scope .................................................................................................................... 29
BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................................................... 31

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Project Methodology .................................................................................................. 12
Figure 2: Plan of the Regular Building ...................................................................................... 18
Figure 3: 3D Model of Structure................................................................................................ 20
Figure 4: Application of loads ................................................................................................... 21
Figure 5: Concrete design of the beams ..................................................................................... 22
Figure 6: Design of the Slab ...................................................................................................... 22
Figure 7: Design of the staircase ................................................................................................ 23
Figure 8: 3D Model of Steel Structure ....................................................................................... 24
Figure 9: Assigning load and support ....................................................................................... 25
Figure 10: Shear force diagram of the structure. ........................................................................ 26

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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Slab design parameters ................................................................................................ 21

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 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview of study
Buildings generally build to provide sleeping accommodation to humans are considered residential
buildings. The building may be one storey to high rise and be irregular to regular. Any component
which can resist and be stable under the application of load can be termed as a structure. Every
structural member should have enough strength to transfer load coming from building to ground
safely. In a safe building, a vertical load such as dead load, the live load is transmitted to column
and from column load are transferred to the foundation below. Thus foundation safely transfers
the load to the soil below. So, suitable structural members with sufficient bars, grade of concrete,
etc. should be designed for the overall stability of the structure. A suitable grade of concrete is
used in the structure after designing it reinforcement area also selected after designing it properly.
To check the stability of building software is highly used for the analysis and design. After grids
input from the AutoCAD drawings, material and section input, load definition, and assignment we
run the analysis and see the analysis and reinforcement detailing data. This software is very user-
friendly, accurate, and can analyze all types of structures like commercial, high-rise buildings,
regular and irregular buildings adopting both static and dynamic analysis methods. Moreover, as
the method of construction of buildings and the material of construction is getting modified day
by day, it has been challenging for people to choose a material that is exactly suitable and
advantageous to other materials available in the market for their use. It is always necessary to
choose materials that are most effective to meet the purpose of your project. Here in this study,
steel and a reinforced cement concrete residential buildings are analyzed and designed comparing
the deflections, material cost, and the resistance to seismic force offered by the building for the
same amount of load applied to the structures. (Bhowmik, 2009)
1.2 Historical background
From history, it can be known that the construction of the structure was started in the period of
3600. Construction work can be considered as old as the existence of a living being. In the past,
people used to make their shelter just by using leaves, branches, etc. Slowly this temporary way
of housing converted to permanent housing. Humans started to build their houses by using stone
and mud which is still in practice in remote places. Later concrete and metal were discovered for
doing construction work. This single-story construction method converted to multiple storey and
high-rise building construction. Reinforced cement concrete is highly used in construction work
and its strength is enhanced by using various admixtures and components such as stabilizers but
nowadays the construction of steel structures as well as composite structures is also getting
popular.
Now the concretes and admixtures are available in various strengths and the construction is carried
out by them. But due to higher weight, high construction period, and high demand of manpower
in RCC structure demand the steel structures are also getting popular. Previously people used to
build their houses by their mental analysis and observation. In doing so, buildings collapsed as
they were unable to resist any harsh and extreme environment and hazards like floods, landslides,
and earthquakes. The same method of construction was applied for all-purpose buildings. This

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also became one of the main reasons for the failure of the structure. To control errors in the
construction and to know the real sizes and properties of the structural member various software
like SAFE, SAP, ETABS have been designed nowadays. Nowadays software has completely
replaced the method of strength assumption in construction works. Manual calculation and the
design has been replaced by the précised and accurate building analysis and design method saving
a lot of time and effort for engineers. In the past building drawings were done by using T- scale,
drafter, etc. but now drawings are done on Auto Cad Buildings are generally modeled and analyzed
by using the software. This software can analyze all types of buildings steel structures, reinforced
cement concrete structures as well as composite structures. Software has been huge blessings in
the advancement of construction methods and strength and design.
1.3 Statement of problem
With the advancement of human civilization, housing also got advanced. The primitive method of
housing has also been replaced by the modern method of reinforcement cement construction. The
single-storey construction method has been replaced by high-rise buildings. Many kinds of
materials are used for the construction of buildings like reinforced cement concrete, wood, steel
glass. Fulfilling stability and serviceability criteria have been major challenges for engineers
nowadays because of the modification and advancement of the building construction materials and
methods. Due to many materials available in the market, people are facing difficulty while
choosing the right material that fits the purpose of construction. Many structures fail to meet the
serviceability and have collapsed due to the use of inappropriate materials in the construction. To
solve this problem, in this project G+5 storey steel and reinforced cement concrete buildings are
analyzed and designed in ETABS. The comparison is made on the variation of deflections for the
same amount of load applied, base shear, amount of construction materials used, and overall cost
of construction of Steel structures and RCC structure. The simulation steps in ETABS and the
method of design of structural members are clearly illustrated making it easy to understand and
apply in the real field.
1.4 Objectives of study
This project is primarily focused on the analysis and design of residential G+5 storey steel and a
reinforced cement concrete structure using ETABS software. Other objectives are
 To enhance the stability by analyzing variation in the design of steel and RCC structure
 To ensure the suitability and economic nature of structures.
 To suggest necessary design steps in software to make the RCC as well as steel structure
safe and sound.
1.5 Project scope
This project presents the analysis and design of 6 storey steel and RCC residential buildings on
ETABS. The building dimensions, number of storey, material grades are first selected as per the
requirement of the building. Knowledge of AutoCAD can be gained while making the
architectural plan of the building. The possible external and internal loading and steps of load
calculation also can be known from the project. Modeling and analysis of both steel and RCC
structures in ETABS can be learned in detail. The steps to assign load, define load, mass source,

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load combinations, etc. in the software can be learned during the project. The difference in the
designing steps for steel structure and concrete structures in the software can be learned. In this
project, after analysis of structural members, factors such as shear displacement, deformation,
bending moment, the shear force is also determined. Methods for analyzing residential buildings
and ways of interpreting outcome results from the software ETABS can be known from this
project. Detailed design of slabs and staircase steps of the beam, column, and slab is known and
an idea of design and detailing code IS 13920 and IS 456 is acquired. At last, the structure which
is more economic, safe against lateral loading, and effective for the construction of middle rise
residential buildings is known from the result analysis and conclusion section.
1.6 Project methodology
The project is started by doing a literature review on the matter concern with the project.
Information regarding recent trends in building construction is collected by reading research
papers, articles from the internet. The place for construction of the structure is chosen and the soil
is investigated to know the safe bearing capacity of that area. The seismic zone factor and other
parameters of buildings like the number of stories, types of buildings, software for analysis, grade
of concrete, the strength of steel is selected. Planning is done by preparing appropriate drawings
are made on AutoCAD. The dead loads, live loads, and earthquake loads are calculated as per the
standard Indian codes to be applied while analyzing the building as calculated. With the help of
drawings and sizes for initial consideration, modeling is done in ETABS. The grid is defined,
structural members are inserted, the loads are defined and assigned in the frame and slabs, load
combinations are created and the analysis is performed. Response Spectrum function is defined.
After the complete analysis, the concrete frame design is done and all members are verified if they
pass the design check. After complete analysis and design, making sure there are no errors the
result outputs are extracted for both Steel and RCC buildings. The detailed design of the slab,
staircase are done manually for the RCC models using IS 456 and IS 13920. The results are
compared and base shears, deflection, the material of construction are analyzed. Finally, the
economic, safe, and effective material for designing the proposed type of buildings is shown and
the conclusion is made.

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 Selection of
types of
Literature building, Laod Modelling of Analysis on Results
Conclusions
Review code, Calculation the structure software Analysis
material for
design

Figure 1: Project Methodology

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 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY
(Bhowmik, 2009)This project focused not only on the building structures but also on the buildings
constructed for other purposes. The work was done in STAAD PRO and the static, seismic
calculation was performed. This study gave the basic idea for modeling and analysis like making
grids, geometry design, load calculation, and load combinations. This study concluded the STAAD
PRO delivers more accurate results than tedious manual calculations.

(Wenta, 2006) This study was about how the development of steel structure have enhanced the
modernization and industrialization of the world. This gave the idea about the components and
method of constructing steel residential buildings. The comparison between steel structure and
reinforced cement concrete structure is also found in this paper. This also had an idea about the
economic benefits and other advantages of the steel structure over the RCC structure.

(Bhattacharjee, 2007) This project analyzed and designed G+21 multistoried building using
STAAD PRO. It included load calculation and the design in STAAD PRO. It also had the analysis
of 2D frames and the comparison of analysis and design of 2D and 3D frame structures.
This study followed IS 1893:2000 for seismic design and IS 875 for load calculation. This study
showed that high-rise buildings can be analyzed fast, efficiently, and easily in the STAAD PRO
software.

(Betaque, 2007) This study compared the static analysis and outcomes of structural analysis and
design software MicaPlus and STAAD. The study was done based on support reactions, nodal
displacement, and forces. This study evaluated the differences in reinforcement requirement of
software to know the economic nature of the software. Not only that, it included comparison on
user friendly, flexibility and accurate nature.

(U. D. Dabhade, 2009)This paper illustrated the time and cost-friendly nature of steel structures
over the RCC buildings. A building of 10 storied was comparison was made between the
performance of precast concrete frame and precast concrete slab with precast concrete floor with
precast steel frame. The Microsoft Project was used to find out the optimum time required. The
total cost was compared and found that composite structure saves time compared to steel and
concrete floor.

(Bhavikatti, 2007) This book contained a complete guide to construct RCC structures. The
designing and detailing steps of each member like a beam, column, slab, staircases were well
explained with numerical examples. This book lacked the software-based calculation and software
design steps but had all the manual calculation ideas required for the analysis and design of slabs
and staircase in this project. The design of steel structures was also given in this book.

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(Datta, 2008)This book Seismic Design of Structure was an earthquake engineering book that
described the seismic wave, times, and analysis method in detail. It also had discussed the seismic
inputs of structures and detail about the static and response analysis method of the structure. It had
a separate chapter discussing the response analysis of specified ground motion and frequency
domain spectral analysis. The interaction of soil types with the structures, seismic control of
structures is other information found in this book. The basic concept and manual calculation parts
were well explained in this book. It gave the whole concept of seismic wave, seismic load, its
effect on the building, and ways to restrict the seismic force for the seismic restraint design of
buildings and other structures.

(Megget, 1978)In this study, a 4-storied ductile RCC frame structure is analyzed both statically
and dynamically by isolating the foundation. All the results of the inelastic, time history method
were analyzed for isolated and non-isolated structures considering different seismic motion and
earthquake motions. The benefits of using dampers to reduce the seismic shear were also explained
in detail. Moreover, the ductile detailing and design were also included. This paper focused more
on the stability of the building and methods to enhance it.

(Krishna, 2009) In this paper, analysis was done on G+20 storied high rise residential building
using structural analysis software STAAD-PRO. Here dead load was considered as per IS 874 part
I, the live load was assumed on slabs, passage, and on stairs as per IS 875 part II, and wind load
as per IS 875, part III. After making the frame structure of structural members, the property of the
materials was defined and assigned to the model. For designing beam, slab, column, and
foundation members, concrete of grade M30 and steel of Fe415 was used. In this article, 20 storey
residential buildings with 2 lifts on the shear wall and floor height of 3m were modeled and
analyzed. A suitable foundation was dug by giving a total depth of 50 cm. In this project height of
the plinth was taken as 0.6 m. Detail analysis was done on STAAD PRO and BMD, SFD,
reinforcement detailing was also prepared on the software. Manual calculation and software
calculation was compared and no major deviation was found. As a whole structure was found
stable and safe during analysis on the STAAD PRO.

(Ahmed M, 2008) In this study, the lateral responses due to the effect of cracking of concrete in
the buildings were analyzed. The literature review of this study was huge because of the variation
of equations in different counties. The investigation was made on the stiffness of members of the
structure after the concrete cracking. The design of a frame building was done to conclude the
result more effectively. All the confusions were cleared and the lateral response of building due to
the effect of cracking was shown quantitatively based on Indian code. This also gave the idea for
a crack-proof method of construction of buildings.

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 CHAPTER 3: TERMS AND TERMINOLOGIES
3.1 Loadings
There are different kinds of loadings applied on the building and they are categorized on a different
heading. Usually, self-weight acting as dead loads, moving loads as live load, seismic, and wind
loads due to wind intensities are considered in the building. Self-weight from the structure,
furniture residing on the building, etc. are considered as dead and the weight of people residing on
the building, moving vehicles, etc. can be term as a live load. Generally dead and live load is
expressed as uniformly distribute load or as a point load while analyzing a building. Additionally,
loads from seismic waves and wind intensities are considered seismic loads and wind loads.
Vertical load simply acts in the same direction as gravity load acts.
3.2 Structural Steel Buildings
They are buildings with all the internal support and exterior materials are made of steel metals.
Every horizontal and vertical structure i.e. beam and columns are hinged together through a
welding process or use of bolts and rivets. Beams of these buildings handle loads placed on their
access while columns handle the compressive load acting on the structure. These buildings have a
lower weight than the RCC structure and comparatively, withstand more seismic force.
3.3 Steel-Concrete Composite Structure
They are made by combining the reinforced concrete and steel to form a concrete structure. The
foundations and slabs are generally made of concrete while the beam and columns are of steel.
The concrete resists compressive strength whereas the steel resists the tension and this together
gives us highly efficient, lightweight multistorey buildings.
3.4 Reinforced concrete beam
Concrete can withstand compressive force ten times more compare to tensile strength. So,
reinforcement is given to the concrete to increase its capacity to withstand tensile force. They are
typically designed so to take transverse loads coming from external forces. Thus reinforced
concrete beam is simple a beam designed with a suitable grade of concrete and suitable diameter
of bars to resist both compressive and tensile force. In beam, bars are provided in three different
methods which are single, doubly reinforced beams and flanged beams.
3.5 Deflection
Deflection is a simple measure of the deviation of any structural members which is caused by the
application of load. When a certain amount of load is applied to any section of the structure, the
section gets displaced to a certain degree. The amount of deflection depends upon span length,
stiffness of member, and also on the amount of force applied to the section.
3.6 ETABS
ETABS is a powerful software used to analyze and design the structural members that use the
moment distribution method to analyze the structure. In this project, buildings are analyzed using
ETABS. In ETABS material of property was assigned by preparing a model of the building. Then
suitable Indian codes are selected with the assignment of loading on the structural frame. This
software is in use for about 30 years. It is a very efficient software that saves lots of time by doing
appropriate structural and dynamic analysis.
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3.7 AutoCAD
In AutoCAD, a software license is given by the auto desk. This software is generally used for
preparing engineering drawings and models. It is a simple easy operating software. In this
software, drawings can be prepared by using basic tools like line, rectangle, square, circle, arc
tools, etc. In past, the engineer used to prepare very complexly drawing on paper. This used to take
lots of time but in AutoCAD drawings can be made very fast without any errors.

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 CHAPTER 4: DESIGN CONSIDERATION
4.1 Building consideration
In this project, two residential G+5 buildings are considered. One building is a reinforced cement
concrete structure and another is a steel structure. The plan of each building considers 1 staircase,
2 elevators, 3 bedrooms with 1 bathroom each, and 2 balconies.
Other general descriptions of the building are
1. Number of buildings: 2 (one steel structure and one RCC structure)
2. Type of building: Residential
3. Total number of storey: 6
4. Response Reduction Factor: 5
5. Seismic Zone: II
6. Importance Factor: 1
7. Safe Bearing Capacities: 300 Kg/m3
8. Supports provided: Fixed
9. The thickness of slab:
 175mm on the interior slab
 200mm on two short edges discontinuous side
 200mm on long edge discontinuous side
10. Size of Beam: 350mm *300mm
11. Size of Column: 230mm*400 mm
AutoCAD drawing for a floor plan of the building is shown in the figure below

17
 Figure 2: Plan of the Regular Building
4.2 Material consideration
1. Concrete Grade (fcK) =25 N/mm2, M25 grade of concrete
2. Grade of Steel (fy)= 415 N/mm2
3. Concrete Density (ϒc) = 25 KN/m3
4. Brick Density (ϒbrick) = 20 KN/m3

4.3 Load Consideration

Same loads are applied on both the structure to make the comparison more effective. The loads
that are provided on the structures are
4.3.1 Dead Loads
1. Outer Wall load = Unit weight of brick* Thickness of wall* height of the wall
i. = 20 * 0.230 * 3
ii. = 13.8 KN/m (to be applied at beam)
2. Inner Wall load = Unit weight of brick* Thickness of wall* height of the wall
i. = 20 * 0.115 * 3
ii. = 6.9 KN/m (to be applied at beam)
3. Parapet Wall Load
i. = Unit weight of brick* Thickness of parapet wall* height of the wall
ii. = 20 * 0.115 * 1.3
iii. = 3 KN/m (to be applied at beam)

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4.3.2 Live Loads
5 KN/m2 live load is applied on all the floors.
4.3.3 Seismic or Earthquake loads
Seismic loads are software self-calculated taking II seismic zone, medium soil type, 1 as
Importance factor and 5 as response reduction factor.
The damping ratio is considered 5%.
4.3.4 Load Combinations Considered
The structures have been analyzed for various load combinations to maintain the safety and quality
standard. The various partial factor of safeties is compared as per the criteria defined in the code.
Combined in various formats to form the combination. The load combination considered in this
project is only 1.5 times (Dead load+ Live Load+ Seismic Load)

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 CHAPTER 5: RCC STRUCTURE DESIGN
5.1 Modeling of RCC frames
In ETABS, select a new project, give the destination and then select the units of length and force.
The frame structure is selected and the grid system is defined by observing the grid system in
AutoCAD. Now the nodes are added and the beam, column, and other structural members are
defined. Here all members in the x, z plane are considered as beam and member in y plain is
considered as a column. Plain parallel to x and z plain are considered as y plain. The size of the
beam, column, the slab is also given to the model. Appropriate dimensions of beam and column
are taken from designed AutoCAD plans, elevation. Slabs are also defined properly with
appropriate thickness as per design. The base support is made fixed. After assigning all properties
and making a complete frame with proper dimensions, the 3-D model is prepared on the ETABS
software.

Figure 3: 3D Model of Structure

5.2 Assigning of loads
After the complete modeling of geometry, load cases are added by going on the case details tab.
Seismic and Wind loads are added in both positive and negative directions creating for first two
load cases. Analysis of wind load and earthquake load are done on x ad z directions individually.
In 3rd and 4th load cases the dead load and live loads are added according to IS code. Analysis is
done for individual loads and by applying a combination of loads too. Here the load combination
analyzed is 1.5*(dead load+ live load+ seismic load). Finally, the necessary review is done on the

20
size of the beam, column, slab, and another structural member to make it more stable and safe
against loading.

Figure 4: Application of loads

5.3 Concrete design and detailing
After verifying no errors in analysis and completing the analysis procedure, concrete frame design
has to be done in the software to know the reinforcement values of beam and column. The concrete
frame design is done for envelop load case. For this envelop load case has to be created by selecting
the load combinations to be in envelop. All beams are selected and a group is created specifying
the design name and code. Similarly, other groups are created for other members like columns,
shear walls, etc. The drawings are saved in AutoCAD format by clicking on the schedule in the
page converter.
The design and detailing of beam and column is done in ETABS and AutoCAD. The slabs and
staircase in the RCC structure are designed manually and the calculation is shown below.
Design of slabs:
Table 1: Slab design parameters
Interior Slab Two edges One long edge
discontinuous slab discontinuous slab
Depth of slab 175 mm 200 mm 200 mm
The total load on the slab 9.25 KN 9.25 KN 9.25 KN
Moment MX+ 8.99 KN/m 9.0101 KN/m 9.001 KN/m
Moment MX- 11.79 KN/m 2.93 KN/m 11.79 KN/m
Moment MY+ 2 KN/m 4.92 KN/m 2 KN/m
Moment MY- 2.67 KN/m 0 KN/m 2.67 KN/m
Area of Reinforcement AST X+ 277 mm2 176 mm2 150 mm2
Area of Reinforcement AST X- 300 mm2 249 mm2 202 mm2

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 Area of Reinforcement ASTY+ 215 mm2 205 mm2 239 mm2
Area of Reinforcement ASTY- 255 mm2 255 mm2 250 mm2
Minimum AST 300 mm2 275 mm2 275 mm2
Hence 10 diameters bar @290 center to center in both directions.

Figure 5: Concrete design of the beams

Figure 6: Design of the Slab

Design of Staircase
Assume, Height of Riser = 6” and Length of thread =12”

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Floor Height =3.5m=10’
Number of risers up to mid landing = 5’/0.5’=10
Number of tread up to mid landing= number of risers – 1 = 9
Horizontal distance= number of thread x thread=9’
Number of risers above mid landing = 5’/0.5’=10
Number of tread above mid landing= number of risers – 1 = 9
Horizontal distance= number of thread x thread=9’
Total risers = = 20
Total treads=18
Total Area =15’*6.5’= 97.5 sq. feet

Figure 7: Design of the staircase

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 CHAPTER 6: STEEL STRUCTURE DESIGN
6.1 Modelling of steel frames
Select new project on ETABS, add beams, and also select meters and Kilo Newtons as units.
Geometry is made by adding nodes using a node cursor by observing the grid data in the AutoCAD.
Now the nodes are added and the beam, column, and other structural members are defined. Now,
the property of materials and the property of beam and column sections are assigned. Here all
members in the x, z plane are considered as beam and member in y plain is considered as a column.
Plain parallel to x and z plain are considered as y plain. The size of the beam, column, and slab is
also given to the model. Appropriate dimensions of beam and column are taken from designed
AutoCAD plans, elevation. Slabs are also defined properly with appropriate thickness as per
design. The base support is made fixed. After assigning all properties and making a complete frame
with proper dimensions, a 3D model is prepared similar to the RCC model above.

Figure 8: 3D Model of Steel Structure

6.2 Assigning of loads
After the complete steel frame modeling of geometry, the load is assigned by creating load cases
similar to the RCC structure. The loading is completely the same in both steel and RCC structures
so. Seismic and Wind loads are added in both positive and negative directions creating for first
two load cases. Analysis of wind load and earthquake load are done on x ad z directions
individually. In 3rd and 4th load cases the dead load and live loads are added according to IS code.

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Analysis is done for individual loads and by applying a combination of loads too. Here the load
combination analyzed is 1.5*(dead load+ live load+ seismic load). Finally, the necessary review
is done on the size of the beam, column, slab, and another structural member to make it more stable
and safe against loading.

Figure 9: Assigning load and support

6.3 Steel design of beam and column
After completing the analysis procedure and verifying no errors, steel design has to be done in the
software to know the reinforcement values of beam and column. The design is done for envelop
load case. For this envelop load case has to be created by selecting the load combinations to be in
envelop. All beams are selected and a group is created specifying the design name and code.
Similarly, other groups are created for other members like columns, shear walls, etc. The drawings
are saved in AutoCAD format by clicking on the schedule in the page converter. The design and
detailing of beam and column are auto-generated in ETABS and AutoCAD.

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 CHAPTER 7: RESULT AND ANALYSIS
7.1 RCC structure analysis
After modeling complete geometry and assigning the loads to the frame the analysis is run. The
code IS456 is selected to run the analysis and the shear and moment diagrams are analyzed. First
of all, the maximum storey displacement and drift are viewed and the maximum drift criteria and
irregularity check are done. After that, the behavior of the building in terms of bending moment
diagram, shear force diagram, storey force, overturning, deflection is noted as per the load
combinations on the model of the building. The results can be view from display table sessions of
the software and the software also provides us both the numerical values and diagrams for shear
force and bending moment. Output is seen in terms of shear due to application of load,
displacement, and moments due to application of seismic load. All these parameters are vital for
the stability analysis of the residential building. Possible errors are checked in each section and
dimensions are revised to make the structure more stable. All the analysis results are exported in
excel for further analysis and conclusion.

Figure 10: Shear force diagram of the structure.

7.2 Steel structure analysis
Once modeling complete geometry and assigning the loads to the frame the analysis is run. The
code IS456 is selected for the steel analysis. The analysis run errors are checked. If the error is
shown the model is modified as per the error and the model is made error-free. Now the load case
is applied from post-processing mode. Now the displacement, reactions, shear force, bending
moment diagram is viewed. The steel properties are to be assigned to the columns and beams for
the analysis of the beam and column steel details.
For steel, the design IS 2007 code is selected and the steel parameters are defined. The design
command is edited and check code, take off, etc. are added. The beams and columns are selected
and all the steel parameters are assigned. The concrete parameters are made for the slab and are
assigned to slab sections. The analysis and design are run again and zero error is observed. The
design result is viewed for the steel design. The ETABS output table is viewed and the weight and

26
length of the steel are viewed steel take up session. To view the slab details the plate is selected
and the reinforcement and other required data can be seen for the concrete slab. The design and
detailing of beam and column are done in AutoCAD by the steel output details shown from the
output table.

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 CHAPTER 7: DISCUSSION
Here, 6 storied steel and RCC structure residential buildings are analyzed and designed in the
ETABS. After gathering information regarding the recent trend of building construction, the
location of the structure is fixed and soil is investigated to know the safe bearing capacity of that
area. The dimension of the plan, number of stories, types of buildings, software for analysis, grade
of concrete, the strength of steel are selected and drawings are made on AutoCAD. Loadings like
dead load, live load, seismic load are calculated to be applied while analyzing the building as
calculated. With the help of drawings and sizes for initial consideration, modeling is done in
ETABS. The grid is defined, structural members are inserted, the loads are defined and assigned
in the frame and slabs, load combinations are created and the analysis is run. After the complete
analysis, the concrete frame design is done. After complete analysis and design, making sure there
are no errors the result outputs are extracted for both Steel and RCC buildings. The detailed design
of the slab, the staircase is done manually for the RCC models using IS 456 and IS 13920. After
comparing the result, it is found that the steel structures are lightweight and easier to construct than
RCC. Due to lightweight steel structures have lower base shear and can withstand more seismic
force than RCC structures despite higher storey displacement. They are safe and fit for temporary
structures because steel undergoes buckling and rusting in long run.
When the results of RCC and Steel structure are compared, it is observed that the base shear in the
RCC model is 650.18 KN whereas the base shear in Steel structure is 438.19KN which means the
base shear is around 30% less in steel structure compare to RCC. It is also found that the maximum
storey displacement of RCC structure is 30.25mm whereas the maximum storey displacement of
steel structure is 66.38mm. So the drift is less in RCC structure than Steel structure due to ductile
nature. But axial forces and moments are higher in RCC structure than steel structure because of
the low weight of steel. Thus, due to light-weight steel structures have lower base shear and can
withstand more seismic force than RCC structures though they have more displacement due to
lateral load.
Merits and Demerits of adopting RCC structure
Advantages of RCC building over steel are it has a more useful life period, thermal protection, low
displacement, and low cost of construction. RCC structures are constructed by using locally
available materials. RCC structures are long-lasting and durable as they are fire and attack termite
resistant. The initial cost is high but is economic in long run. The modification of the structure is
very easy as concrete can be cast into any shape. The demerits are RCC has very low scrap value
and is very hard to decompose after the useful life period is over. The construction requires a lot
of manpower.
Merits and Demerits of adopting steel structure
Steel structures are lightweight and easier to construct than RCC structures. Steel structures have
greater distance span ability than other structures. Steel structures can withstand lateral loads like
earthquakes, storms, and cyclones and have a lifetime period of 30 years. They are safe and fit for
temporary structures. The main demerits of steel are buckling and rusting and are not fire-resistant.

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 CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSION OF STUDY
In this project, G+5 storied steel and RCC structure residential buildings are analyzed and designed
in the ETABS. The dimension of the plan, number of stories, types of buildings, software for
analysis, grade of materials are selected and drawings are made on AutoCAD. All loads to be
applied to the structures are calculated. With the help of drawings and sizes for initial
consideration, modeling is done in ETABS. The grid is defined, structural members are inserted,
the loads are defined and assigned in the frame and slabs, load combinations are created and the
analysis is run. After the complete analysis, the concrete frame design is done. After complete
analysis and design, making sure there are no errors the result outputs are extracted for both Steel
and RCC buildings. The detailed design of the slab, the staircase is done manually for the RCC
models using IS 456 and IS 13920. After comparing the result, it is found that the steel structures
are lightweight and easier to construct than RCC. Due to lightweight steel structures have lower
base shear and can withstand more seismic force than RCC structures despite higher storey
displacement. They are safe and fit for temporary structures because steel undergoes buckling and
rusting in long run.
8.1 Advantages
Following advantages can be obtained on this project:
 ETABS helps to model, analyses, and design the building in a very short period than
manually based calculations.
 This study helps us to choose the economic and favorable construction material as per the
requirement of buildings.
 It helps us to find the main cause of the failure of steel and RCC structural members.
 It helps us to improve the capacity of the building to resist more load.
 By using the suitable grade of concrete and steel, it helps to make the structure more
durable, strong, and stable.
 The suitability of the material can be checked and modified if necessary.
 The life span of the building can be improved by providing more stable structural
members.
 Analysis of building can be done economically without compromising its safety.
8.2 Limitation
Following are the limitation achieved on this project.
 High input data are not taken by ETABS.
 Detailing of every structure is not done properly in the software.
 To use the structural analysis software ETABS and AutoCAD, high skill is required, and
to interoperate the outcomes experience is required.
 The analysis of the building is done brick masonry infill in both the case.
8.3 Future scope
The buildings analyzed here is 6 storey residential building. Due to the increasing population and
constant nature of the land, the vertical construction method is getting popular. This project focuses
on the multi-storey design method is very important for the advancement of housing and structure

29
in the future. The load to be applied in multi-storey construction, method of analysis, and design
is useful for the future method of construction. Moreover, this teaches how to read drawings in
AutoCAD and detail analysis and designing steps in ETABS. This study will always help people
decide the material RCC or Steel to be used for their proposed building analyzing criteria like the
purpose of construction of building, the life span of the building, cost available for making
building, types of soil of building site, condition of the water table.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Bhattacharjee, B. a. A. S. V. N., 2007. Computer aided analysis and design of multi-storeyed
buildings. s.l.:s.n.
Bhavikatti, S., 2007. Design Of R.C.C. Structural Elements Vol. I, Volume 1. s.l.:s.n.
Bhowmik, A., 2009. Dynamic Analysis of Multistorey Frame. s.l.:s.n.
Datta, T., 2008. Seismic Analyis of Structure. s.l.:s.n.
Krishna, P., 2009. Analysis and Design of (G+20) Multi-Storey Residential Building Using
STAAD.Pro. s.l.:s.n.
Megget, L. M., 1978. Analysis and design of a base-isolated reinforced concrete frame building.
s.l.:NZESS.
U. D. Dabhade, ,. N., 2009. Time and Cost Evaluation of Construction of Steel Framed Composite
Floor. s.l.:s.n.
Wenta, R., 2006. Discussion on the Application of Steel Structure to Residential Buildings Design.
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