1.

4 Earthquake Fault Sources

When two earth's masses move with respect to one another, elastic strain energy due to tectonic processes is stored and then released through the rupture of the interface zone.  The distorted blocks snap back
towards equilibrium and an earthquake ground motion is produced. This process is referred to as ‘elastic rebound’. The resulting fracture in the Earth’s crust is termed a ‘fault’. During the sudden rupture of the
brittle crustal rock seismic waves are generated. These waves travel away from the source of the earthquake along with the Earth’s outer layers. Their velocity depends on the characteristics of the material
through which they travel (Elnashai and Sarno, 2015 ).  

Faults - offsets of geological structure; may range in length from a few meters to many kilometers and are drawn on a geological map as continuous or broken line

1.Movement of faults

Slow slip - produces no ground shaking

Sudden rupture - due to earthquake, most famous is the San Andreas fault Shallow focus earthquakes - much shorter and shows much less offset.
Fault rupture - majority of earthquakes does not reach the surface
Geological mappings and geophysical work - show that faults seen at the
surface sometimes extend to depths of tens of kilometers in the Earth’s crust

Faults - offsets of geological structure; may range in length from

a few meters to many kilometers and are drawn on a geological
map as continuous or broken line

1.Movement of faults

Slow slip - produces no ground shaking

Sudden rupture - due to earthquake, most famous is the San
Andreas fault Shallow focus earthquakes - much shorter and
shows much less offset.
Fault rupture - majority of earthquakes does not reach the
surface
Geological mappings and geophysical work - show that
faults seen at the
surface sometimes extend to depths of tens of kilometers in
the Earth’s crust

2. Inactive faults

Most plotted on geological maps are now inactive faults

New discovery are also discovered from fresh ground
breakage during an earthquake
Thus, Delineated by a line of cracks

3. Active faults
Primary interest in seismology and earthquake engineering
Rock displacement - expected to occur
Exists in a well defined plate-edge regions of the earth
Sudden fault displacement

4. Fault displacement
almost entirely horizontal – San Francisco earthquake along the San Andreas fault
Large vertical motion occurrence as shown in the figure