CRITICAL BOOK REVIEW

Arranged by:

Silvina

(2193220011)

Lecturer : Prof. Dr. ZAINUDDIN, M. Hum

Subject : Lexicography

ENGLISH LITERATURE DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN

2021
 PREFACE

Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh.

Praise me for the presence of Allah SWT who has given us the grace of
health and opportunity, so that I can complete the critical book review assignment
entitled “A Practical Guide to Lexicography” and “A Paradigm of Comparative of
Comparative Lexicology”. I also thank to Sir Prof. Dr. ZAINUDDIN, M. Hum as
a lecturer in subject of Lexicography, who have entrusted me to complete this task.

This assignment was made to fulfill the critical book review of

Lexicography. The critical book review that I make of course compiled from the
source of the books that have been read. The author realizes the preparation of this
critical book review is not perfect, for this reason we expect criticism and
suggestions for improving the results of the critical book review that I will make
later, this task is nothing perfect without good advice.

Medan, September 18th 2021

The Author

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE ...................................................................................................................................... 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................. 3
CHAPTER I .................................................................................................................................. 4
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 The Important of Critical Book Report ............................................................................ 4
1.2 The Purpose of Critical Book Report ................................................................................ 4
1.3 The Benefit of Critical Book Report .................................................................................. 4
1.4 Identity of the Books ........................................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER II ................................................................................................................................. 6
DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................................ 6
2.1 Summary of Book I (3 - 44) ................................................................................................ 6
2.2 Summary of Book II (2 - 36)............................................................................................... 8
CHAPTER III ............................................................................................................................. 10
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES ............................................................................. 10
3.1 Advantages of the books ................................................................................................... 10
3.2 Disadvantages of the books .............................................................................................. 10
CHAPTER IV.............................................................................................................................. 11
CLOSING .................................................................................................................................... 11
4.1 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 11
4.2 Suggestion .......................................................................................................................... 12
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 13

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Important of Critical Book Report

Doing a Critical Book Review on one or two by comparing one book to another
can make students' minds even more critical because we have to analyze the book so that
we can find out the advantages and disadvantages of a book, both in terms of language and
discussion. Thus we can make the results of the critical book review as a learning reference
for others.

1.2 The Purpose of Critical Book Report

a. To fulfil the tasks of Curriculum and Learning subjects
b. To deepen the knowledge of discourse analysis
c. To make the readers know he description of the books
d. To make the readers know the advantages and disadvantages of the books
e. As a provision of knowledge for future work

1.3 The Benefit of Critical Book Report

a. To fulfil the tasks subject of Lexicography
b. Finding and knowing the information contained in the book
c. Train yourself to think critically in finding information provided by some chapter of the
first book and the second book
d. Comparing the contents of the first book and the second book
e. For master the material, especially in Lexicography

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1.4 Identity of the Books
 Book I
Title : A Practical Guide to Lexicography
Author : Piet Van Sterkenburg
Published : PDF Drive
Year : 1996
City : Dutch
Page : 443 pages
ISBN : 90 272 2329 7 (Eur.) / 1 58811 380 9 (US) (Hb; alk. Paper)

 Book II

Title : A Paradigm of Comparative of Comparative Lexicology

Author : Floriana Popescu
Published : PDF Drive
Year : 2019
City : Cambridge
Page : 296 pages
ISBN : (10): 1-5275-1808-6 / (13): 978-1-5275-1808-7

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 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

2.1 Summary of Book I (3 - 44)

In this chapter tells about the forms, contents and uses of dictionary. The first major
international handbook on lexicography was published, thirty years ago, it defined a
dictionary as follows, "A dictionary is a systematically organized list of socialized
linguistic forms compiled from the linguistic habits of a particular speech community and
commented on by the author, in such a way that the qualified reader understands the
meaning of each separate from, and is informed of the relevant facts about the function of
that form in his community (Zgusta 1971:17) emphasized the systematic arrangement of
forms. -socially accepted forms and common forms and their meaning and function in
speech communities. There are 3 dictionary criteria, the first ma is a formal criterion,
second is a functional criterion and, third is a criterion about content. Until the early 1990s,
the consensus was that bilingual dictionaries preceded monolingual dictionaries. The first
dictionaries of European languages were bilingual because European civilizations had
edited more basic texts in foreign languages than in their dialects. The following historical
review of the dictionary's origins is based in large part on Grubmüller (1967), Ilson (1990),
Jackson (2002), Osselton (1989, 1990), Rey (1990), Simpson (1990), and van Sterkenburg
(1975). , 1984, 2002).

Source of dictionary material. The data from which lexicographers take information
and compose their dictionaries should be selected according to the type of dictionary being
planned. Until recently, the data collection business was rather expensive and time-
consuming and this is why it used to be very goal-oriented, usually with a single dictionary
project as its target. Today, lexicographic sources, some of which can be seen as primary
(archives, corpus) and others as secondary (fieldwork, other dictionaries, and
encyclopedias, www), cover a wide range of types. Corpora as a lexical source consists
written text and spoken text. Written texts are divided into two main categories:
imaginative texts and informative, that latter being subcategorized into 8 domains. These
include texts on the arts, faith and thought, commerce and finance, recreation, natural

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sciences, applied science, social sciences, world affairs and, mostly drawing in magazines.
The database as a lexicographic resource, the former is the first type that includes all
available machine-readable dictionaries (general, special, encyclopedic, etc.), which are
referred to above as secondary resources. The second type, usually called a lexical
database, is represented by a special computerized lexicon that; structured to offer separate
searching and reading of all parts of a dictionary entry, in particular, morphology, syntax,
pragmatics and, more generally, collocation and taxonomic aspects

Much research has been done over the last twenty years on the topic of dictionary
usage and users. And as a result, dictionary usage and users, for now, are relatively
unknown. In particular, model building and experimental research have an important role
in the ongoing effort to create better dictionaries. Types of articles, their structure, and
different types of lemmata. Dictionary research has developed a model that can be applied
to achieve the selection of lemmas that represents the target language and to identify
articles and texts types of lemmas and article structures that can accommodate the data
distribution structure as best as possible. Lexicographers should strive to use these models
to ensure a functional presentation of data and users should be aware of these models to
ensure optimal retrieval of information from their dictionaries.

Some typological dictionaries are provided in the lexicographical literature and

even more can be constructed, depending on the purpose for which the classification is
made. The typology presented above pretends to be nothing more than a tool for language
users to orient themselves concerning the wide variety of dictionaries available that can be
consulted when faced with a lexical problem. Given the sheer number of dictionaries on
the market, and the seemingly endless variety they display for their intended function and
macro and micro properties, the proposed typology is also a simplified representation of
the objects classified and described. Constant innovation in the field of lexicography due
to advances in computer technology also implies that the proposed typology will require
constant updating – an unavoidable fact of all typologies that can be created. From the
user's point of view, experience in using dictionaries of all kinds, and information about
newcomers to the dictionary market are therefore needed to fill in the many gaps in the
proposed typology.

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2.2 Summary of Book II (2 - 36)
Over the centuries the vocabulary of different European languages has been studied
for well-stated purposes and from different interpretive perspectives, but all of these studies
are only explorations of one language. This comparative approach follows from the
previous analysis which carefully explored the eponyms and eponym formations identified
in the two languages. This thematic lexical exploration shows that, apart from eponyms
and eponyms, these two languages have many other lexical representations. Following
Lipka's (1992, 69) cross-classification model, I devised a suitable cross-lexicological
perspective to facilitate this Anglo-Romanian lexical parallel, comparing: (1) its lexical
structure, (2) its lexical and lexical structure formation, (3) word formation, (4) semantic
relationship between words, and (5) lexical strata.

There are some terminological issues, such as; word, lexis, vocabulary, and lexicon.
There are several opinions that suggest what is meant by the word, including; "what native
speakers think a word is" (Matthews 1972, 75), or "a unit of language spoken, written or
printed" (Hornby and Parnwell 1982, 609), or: “voices or sound combinations (or written
symbols) form units that express objects, actions, ideas, etc. in a language” (O.S.D. 1988,
720). Lexicological analysis about words, concepts, relationships, meanings, hierarchies,
and aspects of language change over the centuries as well as context-dependent changes in
language.

And some of the language units include: 1) Lexeme. Morpheme – base, root, and
stem, 2) affixes, 3) lexical formations. "Vocabulary" according to (W.E.U.D. 1996, 2129)
is a word of Latin origin which is: (1) a list or group of words or words and phrases usually
arranged alphabetically and described or defined: LEXICON. (2) A number or stock of
words used by a language, group, individual, or occupation or in the field of knowledge;
and a list or set of terms or codes available for use (as in an indexing system). (3) Supply
of expressive techniques or devices

And according to (W.E.U.D. 1996, 1107), lexis is as follows; (1) a book containing
the alphabetical arrangement of words in a language and their definitions: DICTIONARY
(2) language vocabulary, individual or group speakers or subject; and is the number of
stock morphemes in a language. (3) Repertoire, inventory. (4) The total inventory of

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morphemes in a particular language; and inventory of basic morphemes plus their
combinations with their derivatives morphemes.

The word "lexicon" has a special meaning, it is used in linguistics to refer to

language that is "stored primarily in the head" from the speaker, and for most of mankind's
history, it was simply stored there” (Klein 2001, 8764). Due to the theoretical background
of the current approach, in what follows “lexicon” will be used as a synonym for
“vocabulary” (Crystal 1999a, 359).

Lexicology as part of a system, meaning the general interrelationships and

dependencies of phenomena in nature and society which are analyzed and interpreted
through the understanding of the system. Applying the same principle of interpretation in
lexicology, "system" will be used in this approach to denote the total number of English
words and their history, meanings, and open or hidden connections. The paradigmatic
relationship that determines the vocabulary system is based on the interdependence of
words in the vocabulary (classes, subclasses, and word groups).

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 CHAPTER III

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

3.1 Advantages of the books

The advantages of the book I (one) are, that it explains the material in detail. And
although the chapter discusses the forms, contents, and uses of the dictionary, the author
still writes in detail about the definition and history of the dictionary. That way we can get
an overview of the definition and history of lexicography as well. This book also has a
complete identity and is easily obtained online.

And for the book II (two), this book is a new book, which is published in 2019, so
it is very suitable to be used as reading material because the material is getting newer. This
book also has the same complete identity as the first book.

3.2 Disadvantages of the books

However, the disadvantages of book I (one) are, this book is quite old so it may not
be very suitable for the current curriculum. Another drawback of this book is that it is very
difficult to understand the contents of the book because the contents of the book are too
standard, so that readers who are still below the reading standard have difficulty
understanding the contents of the book.

And for the book II (two), as we said from its strengths, this book is actually good,
but we can also find disadvantages in this book. This book has only 1 first chapter and it is
very difficult to find the book in its complete form. Also, the writing of the book is quite
untidy due to the use of unstructured punctuation.

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 CHAPTER IV

CLOSING

4.1 Conclusion
In conclusion, a critical book is an activity to evaluate the advantages and
disadvantages of an idea and topic along with ideas from one or two books. A critical book
report provides a description, analysis, and interpretation that allows the reader to judge
the quality of a book. It can be found that both books have their advantages and
disadvantages. As well as the material that can be concluded from the two books are:

1) A dictionary is a list of linguistic forms that are socialized systematically, compiled

from the linguistic habits, of a particular speech community, commented on by the
author in the simplest possible form so that qualified readers can understand the
meaning of each separately, and notification of facts that relevant to the function of the
form in its community. The source of the dictionary material is in the form of data from
lexicographers who take the number of information and then arrange it, then choose it
according to what has been planned. Lexicographic sources can be viewed as archives
and corpus (primary), and fieldwork, encyclopedias, etc. (secondary).
2) A lexis is a book that contains the arrangement of the alphabet or words in a language
and includes its definition. This comparative lexicographic approach is the first attempt
to show that although individual language vocabularies are structured very differently,
they reveal various similarities at both the macro and micro lexical levels. Thus, an
analysis that explores eponyms and eponym formations shows identification in the two
languages.

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4.2 Suggestion
In this suggestion, the first thing I give is a suggestion to myself as the reviewer,
So my suggestion and hope is that I could understand more about lexicography, especially
about the form, content, and users of dictionaries, and also become more aware of
comparative lexicography after reading and reviewing the two books. Then my second
suggestion is that readers can use the two books as reading references, considering that
they are interrelated, where the first book talks about the form, content, and users of
dictionaries, and the second book talks about one area of lexicology, namely comparative
lexicology. And the third is advice to the writers, which my suggestion and hope is the
authors could do better in job so that the mistakes that caused these books to be flawed do
not recur.

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 REFERENCES

Popescu, F. (2019). A Paradigm of Comparative of Comparative Lexicology. Cambridge: PDF

Drive.

Sterkenburg, P. V. (1996). A Practical Guide to Lexicography. Dutch: PDF Drive.

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