Gec 3 The Contemporary World: Learning Module

TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES VISAYAS
Capt. Sabi St., City of Talisay, Negros Occidental
College of Engineering/Engineering Technology

Office of the Program Coordinator
LEARNING MODULE
GEC 3
THE CONTEMPORARY
WORLD
BASIC ARTS AND SCIENCES DEPARTMENT
PREPARED BY:
LORENE C. ABUYON, MAEd

KRISTINA FRANCISCO-LAURILLA, DSSE
MA. DEDEN D. TAYAB, MAEd
2020
This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
VISION
The Technological University of the Philippines shall be the premier state university
with recognized excellence in engineering and technology at par with leading universities in
the ASEAN region.
MISSION
The University shall provide higher and advanced vocational, technical, industrial,
technological and professional education and training in industries and technology, and in
practical arts leading to certificates, diplomas and degrees.
It shall provide progressive leadership in applied research, developmental studies in
technical, industrial, and technological fields and production using indigenous materials; effect
technology transfer in the countryside; and assist in the development of small-and-medium
scale industries in identified growth center. (Reference: P.D. No. 1518, Section 2)
QUALITY POLICY
The Technological University of the Philippines shall commit to provide quality higher
and advanced technological education; conduct relevant research and extension projects;
continually improve its value to customers through enhancement of personnel competence and
effective quality management system compliant to statutory and regulatory requirements; and
adhere to its core values.
CORE VALUES
T - Transparent and participatory governance

U - Unity in the pursuit of TUP mission, goals, and objectives
P - Professionalism in the discharge of quality service
I - Integrity and commitment to maintain the good name of the University
A - Accountability for individual and organizational quality performance
N - Nationalism through tangible contribution to the rapid economic growth of the
country
S - Shared responsibility, hard work, and resourcefulness in compliance to the mandates
of the university.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page Numbers
TUP Vision, Mission, Quality Policy, and Core Values……………………… ii
Table of Contents……………………………………………………………….. iii
Course Description………………………………………………………. iv
Learning Outcomes……………………………………………………… v
General Guidelines/Class Rules…………………………………………. vi
Grading System………………………………………………………….. vi
Learning Guide (Week No. 1) ………………………………………….. 1
Topic/s…………………………………………………………… 1
Expected Competencies…………………………………………… 1
Content/Technical Information…………………………………… 1
Progress Check…… ……………………………………………… 3
References………………………………………………………… 3
Learning Guide (Week No. 2) …………………………………………… 5
Topic/s……………………………………………………………. 5
Expected Competencies………………………………………….. 5
Content/Technical Information …………………………………… 5
Progress Check…… ………………………………………………. 9
References………………………………………………………… 9
Learning Guide (Week No. 3)…………………………………………… 11
Topic/s…………………………………………………………… 11
Progress Check…… ……………………………………………… 15
References………………………………………………………… 15
Learning Guide (Week No. 4) …………………………………………… 17
Topic/s…………………………………………………………… 17
Progress Check…… ……………………………………………… 18
References………………………………………………………… 19
List of References……………………………………………………………….. 20
About the Authors……………………………………………………………… 21

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COURSE DESCRIPTION
This course introduces students to the contemporary world by examining the

multifaceted phenomenon of globalization. Using the various disciplines of the social sciences,
it examines the economic, social, political, technological, and other transformations that have
created an increasing awareness of the interconnectedness of peoples and places around the
globe. To this end, the course provides an overview of the various debates in global governance,
development, and sustainability. Beyond exposing the students to the world outside the
Philippines, it seeks to inculcate a sense of global citizenship and global ethical responsibilities.
The course includes mandatory topics on population education in the context of population and
demography.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this module, the students will be able to:

1. Demonstrate ethical responsibilities on the implications of global citizenship.
2. Distinguish different interpretations of and approaches to globalizations.
3. Describe the emergence of global economic, political, social, and cultural systems.
4. Analyse the various contemporary, drivers of globalization, global issues, in relations
to Filipinos and the Philippines, and the contemporary news, events in the context of
globalization.
5. Reflect critically on the issues confronting the nation-state.
6. Evaluate the effects of globalization on different social units and their responses.
7. Write a research paper with proper citations on a topic related to globalization.
8. Work effectively in a group.
9. Articulate personal positions on various global issues using new technologies.

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GENERAL GUIDELINES/CLASS RULES
COURSE REQUIREMENTS
To pass the course, the student must:
1. Read the required readings and watch the documentaries/crash course videos
relevant to the topics
2. Participate in the Discussion Forums
3. Submit all assignments (for Prelims, Midterms, Finals) on/before the corresponding
deadlines.
4. Submit your worktext on/before week 5, 10, 14.
ASSIGNMENTS/EXAMINATIONS
There will be three assignments or examinations for the duration of the course. Each
assignment aims to assess the ability of the student to integrate and apply what they have
learned from the preceding topics. The assignments are designed in a progressive manner to
better prepare the students for the Final Assignment. The task for each assignment and the
assignment guide will be provided in details in the succeeding pages of this worktext/study
guide.
GRADING SYSTEM
REQUIREMENTS WEIGHT
PRELIMS: DISCUSSION FORUMS 30%
(50%)+ ASSIGNMENT (50%) = 100%
MIDTERMS: DISCUSSION FORUMS 30%
(50%)+ ASSIGNMENT (50%) = 100%
FINALS: DISCUSSION FORUMS (50%)+ 40%
ASSIGNMENT (50%) = 100%

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Note: Grading of Discussion Forums (class participation) will be guided by the

following criteria:
Criteria Unacceptable Acceptable Good Excellent
0 Points 1 Point 2 Points 3 Points
Frequency No participation Participates 1- Participates 3- Participates 4-5

at all. 2 times on the 4 times but times throughout
same day. postings not the week.
distributed
throughout
week.
Initial Posts no Posts adequate Posts well Posts well

Assignment assignment. assignment developed developed
Posting with assignment assignment that
superficial that addresses fully addresses
thought and all aspects of and develops all
preparation; the task; lacks aspects of the
does not full task.
address all development
aspects of the of concepts.
task.
Follow-Up Posts no follow- Posts shallow Elaborates on Demonstrates

Postings up responses to contribution to an existing analysis of
others. discussion posting with others’ posts;
(e.g., agrees or further extends
disagrees); comment or meaningful
does not observation. discussion by
enrich building on
discussion. previous posts.
Content Posts Repeats but Posts Posts factually

Contribution information that does not add information correct, reflective
is off-topic, substantive that is and substantive
incorrect, or information to factually contribution;
irrelevant to the discussion. correct; lacks advances
discussion. full discussion.
development
of concept or
thought.

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References & Includes no Uses personal Incorporates Uses references

Support references or experience, some to literature,
supporting but no references readings, or
experience. references to from literature personal
readings or and personal experience to
research. experience. support
comments.
Contributes to
Clarity & Posts long, Communicates Contributes discussion with
Mechanics unorganized or in friendly, valuable clear, concise
rude content that courteous and information to comments
may contain helpful discussion formatted in an
multiple errors or manner with with minor easy to read style
may be some errors in clarity or that is free of
inappropriate. clarity and mechanics grammatical or
mechanics. error. spelling errors.
This rubric is from Vary, Frey, and Watson that was presented in the 2006 Mid
Atlantic Regional Conference: Modeling and Assessing Online Discussions for Faculty
Development (Link: http://www1.udel.edu/janet/MARC2006/rubric.html).
The grading system follows a numerical system from 1 to 10 (see latest TUP Student
Handbook).
GENERAL GUIDELINES
1. READ the study guide carefully and follow the suggested schedule.
2. If you have special concerns, contact the instructor/faculty-in-charge through the
information at last page of this module. The instructor will try to respond as soon as
possible but expect some delay (2-3 days at most).
3. Observe proper etiquette.
Do not plagiarize. Cite your sources in your forum posts and assignments.
Include your reference/s at the end of your posts and assignments.
Whether you concur (agree) or dissent (disagree) with your classmates’
opinions, maintain propriety and decency in the Discussion Forums (DFs). Avoid jokes
or humorous statements in text that may be misunderstood by your classmates or
instructor. Be polite or be civil when arguing. Remember, your DF is a venue for
learning.

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LEARNING GUIDE
Week No.: __1__
TOPIC: Defining Globalization
EXPECTED COMPETENCIES
At the end of the lesson you must have;
1. Differentiated the competing conceptions of globalization;

2. Identified the underlying philosophies of the varying definitions of globalization; and
3. Agreed on a working definition of globalization for the course.
CONTENT/TECHNICAL INFORMATION
Why do you need to study the world?
Much has changed since time immemorial. Human beings have encountered many
changes over the last century especially in their social relationships and social structures. Of
these changes, one can say that globalization is a very important change, if not, the “most
important” (Bauman, in Aldama, 2003). The internet, for example, allows a person from
Bacolod City to know what is happening in Tokyo, Japan and to the rest of the world simply
by browsing Google.
What is Globalization?
The definition varies according to perspectives and were presented by Claudio and
Abinales (2018) as follows.
To journalists, political activists critical of economic globalization, globalization

refers to the integration of the national markets to a wider global market signified by the
increased free trade.
Academics, such as Manfred Steger, use an interdisciplinary approach and describes

the globalization process as “the expansion and intensification of social relations and
consciousness across world-time and across world-space.”
Expansion refers to both the creation of new social networks & the multiplication of
existing connections that cut across traditional political, economic, cultural and geographic
boundaries.
Intensification refers to the expansion, stretching and acceleration of these networks.

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Arjun Appadurai posits that globalization occur on multiple and intersecting

dimensions of integrations called “scapes”.
Ethnoscape refers to global movement of people.

Mediascape is about the flow of culture.
Technoscape refers to the circulation of mechanical goods and
software.
Financescape denotes the global circulation of money.
Ideoscape is the realm where political ideas move around.
STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS

What recent government action do you think is an example of
“expansion”? What are examples of processes that you have directly
witnessed during this “pandemic crisis” which you think refers to
“financescape”? How about “ideoscape’?
What is Globalism?
According to Steger, it is an ideology, a widespread belief among powerful people that

the global integration of economic markets is beneficial for everyone, since it spreads freedom
and democracy across the world. It is a common belief forwarded in media and policy circles.
Globalization vs. Globalism
Globalization is a process (complicated, intersecting, confusing) while globalism is a

belief, an ideology promoting the benefits of globalization.
It appears that criticisms are geared towards the manifestations of globalism.

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PROGRESS CHECK

Do you agree with the advocates of globalism who believe that
the global integration of economic markets is beneficial for
everyone? Give examples to justify your answer.
NOTEPAD
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REFERENCES
Aldama, Prince Kennex. (2018). The Contemporary World. Rex Book Store, Inc.
Claudio, Lisandro. (2018). The Contemporary World. C&E Publishing Inc.

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LEARNING GUIDE
Week No.: __2__
TOPIC : The Globalization of World Economics
1. Defined economic globalization;

2. Identified the actors that facilitate economic globalization;
3. Defined the modern world system; and
4. Articulated a stance on global economic integration.
What is Economic Globalization?
According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), it is a historical process

representing the result of human innovation and technological progress. It is characterized by
the increasing integration of economies around the world through the movement of goods,
services, and capital across borders (Claudio & Abinales, 2018).
What are example indicators of economic globalization?
• Increase of world Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or value of trade (goods and
services).
• Investments are moving all over the world. Multinational Corporations (MNCs), for
example, are building manufacturing sites and outsource labor in other countries.
• Speed and frequency of trading (supercomputers can now execute millions of
stock purchases & sales in seconds).
International Trading Systems
The oldest known international trade route was the Silk Road. It is a network of
pathways in the ancient world that spanned from China to what is now the Middle East and to
Europe. However, this has no ocean routes that could reach the American continent. Thus, it
was not considered “truly” global.
So when did full economic globalization begin?
It began during the Galleon Trade in 1571. It connected Manila and Acapulco, Mexico.
It began in our country’s shores! This was the first time that the Americas were connected to

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Asian trading routes. This was the age of mercantilism – a system of global trade with multiple
restrictions (such as imposition of high tariffs, etc.).
A more open trade system emerged in the late 1800s, and had reached its peak in 1914.
There are various changes and improvements that characterize economic globalization before
and at present. Structures of transportation, communication, and capital are comparable then
and now (Aldama, 2018). Example: From railroads and steamships, airplanes are faster means
of transport of humans and products.

How is the Philippines central to the history of
economic globalization? What is the role of the
Philippines in the world economy today?
The Bretton Woods System
It seeks to create a global economic system that would ensure a longer-lasting global
peace. To achieve this goal, a network of global financial institutions promoting economic
interdependence and prosperity was set up.
This system was largely influenced by John Maynard Keynes who believed that
economic crises occur not when a country does not have enough money, but when money is
not being spent, and thereby, not moving. The government has an active role in managing
spending. (Claudio and Abinales, 2018)
The high point of global Keynesianism came in the mid-1940s to the early 1970s.
The Bretton Woods System created two financial systems – (1) the International Bank
for Reconstruction and Development (or IBRD or World Bank) and (2) the International
Monetary Fund (IMF). For a background on these institutions, please see Appendix 2.
Shortly after Bretton Woods, countries agreed to commit themselves to General

Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) which aims to reduce tariffs and other hindrances to
free trade (Ibid.).
Neoliberalism
This is a new form of economic thinking where governments poured money into their
economies, allowing people to purchase more, and in the process increase demand for these
products. As demand increased, so did the prices of goods. Keynesian economists believed that
this was a necessary trade-off for economic development. Neoliberalism became the codified
strategy of the World Bank, IMF, WTO, backed by powerful countries in the world such as the
United States. The policies came to be called the Washington Consensus which advocates for
the following:

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 minimal government spending to reduce government debt

 called for the privatization of government controlled
services like water, power, communications and transport
believing that the free market can produce the best results.
LEARNING ACTIVITY:
 pressured governments, particularly in the developing
world, to reduce tariffs and open up their economies,
arguing that it is the quickest way to progress.
Watch the documentary
films “The True Cost” and
Economic Chains and Networks “10 Principles of
Economics by Mankiw”
Trade in goods and services is clearly essential to the world (https://www.youtube.com
economy (p. 14, Aldama, 2018). If the Philippines suddenly stops /watch?v=PXJvyHe1aZk&fe
the export of minerals, specifically Nickel, to other countries, it is ature=youtu.be)
said that there will be at least ten percent (10%) world Nickel
supply shortage.
Gary Gereffi (pp. 14-15 in Aldama, 2018) has outlined several of the most important
economic chains and networks involved in global trade: supply chains, international production
networks, global commodity chains, and global value chains.
Example of commodities involved in these chains are scrap metal, waste paper, t-shirts,
iPhones, etc.
In the global value chain for T-shirts, it involves, among other things, the following:
• cotton grown in and shipped from the U.S.,

• T-shirts manufactured in China or in poorer countries like Bangladesh and
Cambodia,
• the shipping to, and sale in, the U.S. of those T-shirts,
• the eventual disposal of them, and finally
• the shipping and sale of those used T-shirts in Africa.
Increasing Competition for Commodities
The best-known and most obvious example is oil, but much the same thing has
happened in the markets for natural gas, copper, lithium, nickel, silver, gold, rice, wheat, corn,
etc.
Developing countries, especially China, are devouring huge quantities of many

commodities (Aldama, 2018). It consumes more than half of the world’s pork, half of its
cement, a third of its steel and over a quarter of its aluminum (Economist in Aldama 2018).

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Considering that resources are scarce, is it a good
decision to allow China to explore and use up the
resources in the West Philippine Sea in exchange of
financial aid? Is it a good “trade off”?
(Trade off is an economic principle which means “giving
up one thing to get another thing”. See Appendix 1 for a
summary of the 10 Principles of Economics by Gregory
Mankiw.)
Who are the actors that facilitate economic globalization?
Aside from governments around the world, the following are considered to be players
in economic globalization:
The Market – In economics, it is defined as a structure that allows buyers and sellers
to exchange any type of goods, services and information. It is therefore composed of economic
systems (pure market, pure command, traditional or mixed economy), and businesses
(domestic and international).
Another major player/actor in economic globalization is the
Multinational Corporation (MNC). It is a firm that has the power to coordinate and
control operations in more than two (2) countries. They account for about a tenth of the world’s
Gross National Product (GNP) and about a third of the world exports. Toyota, IBM, Samsung,
Apple, Nestle, Coca-cola, Huawei, among others, are popular and powerful MNCs with global
operations.
The International Organizations (IOs) – according to Ian Hurd (2011), they provide
tools and resources by which countries try to advance their interests in world politics and
economy. The World Trade Organization (WTO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and
the World Bank (WB), the United Nations (UN), the International Labor Organization (ILO),
the European Union (EU), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) are among
the IOs the Philippines is affiliated with.

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PROGRESS CHECK

What MNCs or global companies have been playing a great
role in this pandemic crisis? How do these institutions
influence global economic activity? How do they affect
economics in the Philippines?
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REFERENCES

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LEARNING GUIDE
Week No.: __3__
TOPIC: Global Politics: The International Order
1. identified the institutions that govern international relations;

2. enumerated and explained the key events in the development of international
relations;
The Political Institutions in International Relations
The Nation-State – is a term used by academics, but in lay man’s term, it refers to “country
and its government”. It is composed of 2 non-interchangeable terms – nation and state.
Nation refers to a social group that is linked through common descent, culture, language
or territorial contiguity (Cerny in Aldama, 2018). It is an ethnic concept. The nation of
Scotland, for example, has its own flag and national culture, but still belongs to a state called
United Kingdom (Claudio and Abinales, 2018).
A state is a community of persons/people more or less numerous, permanently

occupying a definite portion of territory, having a government of their own to which the great
body of inhabitants render obedience, and enjoying sovereignty and freedom from external
control. The Philippines is a state.
Civil Society
It is where individuals negotiate, argue, struggle against, or agree with each other and
with the centers of political and economic authority (Aldama, p. 64. 2018). You and I are
members of the civil society.
Global Civil Society
It is a dynamic nongovernmental system of interconnected socio-economic

institutions that link the whole earth (Keane, in Aldama, p. 65. 2018).

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International Nongovernmental Organizations (INGOs)
These are international not-for-profit organizations that perform public functions but
are not established or run by nation-states. They have advocacies and they aim to influence
the domestic policies of states, participate in multilateral forums and institutions, promote
interstate cooperation, and facilitate political participation on the part of governments and the
public. One good example of this is the International Red Cross (Aldama, p. 64. 2018)
International Governmental Organizations (IGOs)
(source: Harvard Law School)
An IGO is an entity created by treaty, involving 2 or more nations, to work in good

faith, on issues of common interest. In an absence of a treaty (or an agreement), an IGO does
not exist in a legal sense.
Types of IGOs
IGOs are typically organized by their membership and by their purpose.
For example, the United Nations (UN) is called a global organization because all
countries are allowed membership. The UN is also considered a general IGO for it has expertise
on a wide variety of topics.
Some IGOs are regional and limit their membership to states within the designated
regions.
Other IGOs are referred to as selective organizations because they base their
membership on criteria other than geography. The Organization of the Islamic Conference
(OECD), for example, bases its membership on religious affiliation. Organization of the
Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), on the otherhand, is comprised only of countries that
produce oil.
Specialized IGOs, such as North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), limit their
activities to a particular field.
International Relations
It refers to the political, military, and other diplomatic engagements between two or
more countries.
Internationalization
It is the phenomenon which exhibits the deepening of the political, military, and other
diplomatic engagements between two or more countries.

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The Treaty of Westphalia
(source: Claudio and Abinales, 2018)
It is said to be the origin of the modern day concept of sovereignty (Internal sovereignty
- or the power of the state to rule within its territory; External sovereignty or the freedom of
the state to carry out its activities without subjection to or control by other states).
It was created in 1648 to end the Thirty Years’ War between the major continental
powers in Europe, giving the treaty signers exercise complete control over their domestic
affairs. It was also a sworn agreement that they will not meddle in each other’s affairs.
However, Napoleon Bonaparte challenged the Westphalian system by spreading the

French Revolution principles – liberty, equality and fraternity. Promoting the Napoleonic Code
which forbade birth birth privileges, encouraged religious freedom, and promoted meritocracy
in government service which caused outrage among members of the monarchy, he led the
Napoleonic wars that lasted from 1803-1815. His defeat resulted to the restoration of the
Westphalian system and gave birth to the “Concert of Europe” or the alliance of Great Powers
(the UK, Austria, Russia & Prussia). This lasted until 1914.
Nowadays, the present international system still has traces of history. Like the
““Concert of Europe”, great powers are still enjoying a great deal of influence over world
affairs. The UN is composed of a Security Council with a core of five permanent members.
Until now, states are considered “sovereign” where no “Napoleonic Code” should make it
succumb.

What remains of the Westphalian system can still be
felt at this day and age? In what sense has the
world gone beyond it?
Internationalism
It is a system of heightened interaction between various sovereign states, particularly

the desire for greater cooperation and unity among states and peoples.
The categories of Internationalism are the following:
Liberal Internationalism – according to Immanuel Kant, it is a system where “states, like

citizens of other countries, must give up some freedoms, and establish a continuously growing
state consisting of various nations which will ultimately include the nations of the world.
- According to British philosopher Jeremy Bentham, this advocates the creation of

“international law” that would govern interstate relations, and the objective would
be the “greatest happiness of all nations taken together”.

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- For Giuseppe Mazzini, “free, independent states would be the basis of an equally
free, cooperative international system”. Unified nation-states should be the basis of
global cooperation. An internationalist, he influenced the thinking of late US
President Woodrow Wilson and the international community with the state
principle of self-determination, a belief that the world’s nations had a right to a free,
and sovereign government.
- US President Woodrow Wilson, influenced by Mazzini, became the advocate of the
League of Nations (which gave birth to WHO and ILO) at the end of World War I.
Socialist Internationalism – according to German socialist philosopher Karl Max (a critic of
Mazzini), any true form of internationalism should deliberately reject nationalism. Nationalism
rooted people in domestic concerns, and internationalism in global ones. He also believes in
economic equality and suggests that the world is divided not into countries, but into classes.
The “capitalist” class are the owners of factories, companies and other means of production.
The “proletariat” class includes those who do not own the means of production or the workers.
LEARNING ACTIVITY: - For Friedrich Engels, the co-author of Marxist works, a

DISCUSSION FORUM socialist revolution is believed to overthrow the state and the
(DF) economy. Like Marx, he opposes nationalism believing it
will make workers in individual countries identify with the
capitalists of their countries. He believes in the unification
DF Questions you can of all the workers of the world as expressed in their mantra
choose from: “Workers of the world, unite! You have nothing to lose but
your chains.”
Option 1. Which among the - The followers of Marx, after his death in 1883,
2 categories of established the international organization “Socialist
Internationalism do you International” (SI), a union of European socialists and labor
think is more dominant parties established in Paris. Their achievements include: the
today? Give an example. (5 declaration of May 1 as Labor Day and International
sentences only) Women’s Day, successful campaign for an 8-hour workday,
among others.
Option 2. Which among the
2 categories of In 1917, the SI collapsed during World War I but a
internationalism will more radical version emerged – the Bolshevik party with its
provide better solutions to leader, Vladimir Lenin who called its new state the “Union
the world’s problems? of Soviet Socialist Republics” (USSR). Leading revolutions
Why? (5 sentences only) across the world, they used methods of terror if necessary
and established the Communist International (Comintern) in
1919. It directed Communist parties across the world.
Feared by nation-states due to its potential to stir revolutions, the US and the
UK doubted its trustworthiness when it joined the Allied Powers in 1941.

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Lenin’s successor, Stalin dissolved the Comintern in 1943 and re-established it

as Communist Information Bureau (Cominform).
In 1991, the Soviet Union collapsed. The SI, since then, has never been
considered a major player in international relations.
Liberal internationalism is at play since post World War II, with the existence
of the United Nations as proof.
PROGRESS CHECK
Prelim Exam/Assignment # 1 (Application of Topics 1 to 3):
Essay. Read the scenario and decide whether the impact of the scenario is negative or positive.
Justify your answer using the concepts you have learned in Topics 1 to 3.
Scenario: Your father is a poultry raiser. Poultry raising is your family’s very source of income.
However, he came home crying recently for in June 2020 (in the middle of the pandemic crisis),
the Philippine government, through the Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI), has requested the local
poultry raisers to limit their production and “give way” to imports.
Submit assignment to instructor’s email. Word file must observe the ff. format:
Last Name_Section_ Assignment1_GEC3.doc
REFERENCES

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LEARNING GUIDE
Week No.: __4__
TOPIC: The United Nations and Contemporary Global Governance
1. Defined global governance;

2. Identified the roles and functions of the United Nations; and
3. Determined the challenges of global governance in the 21st
century
Global Governance
It refers to the process where states in an international order continue to adhere to

certain global norms despite the lack or absence of a single world government.
Sources of Global Governance/Public International Law
Primary Sources: Treaties and Conventions, International Customs, General Principles of Law
Secondary Sources: Decisions of Courts, Teachings and Opinions of International Experts
The United Nations
After the collapse of the League of Nations at the end of World War II (WWII), the
United Nations was created at the San Francisco Conference which was held in the United
States from April 25 to June 26, 1945. Its mandate is to end international war, and promote
social and economic development (p. 97, Hurd, 2011).
Composed originally of only 51 members (which includes the Philippines), this

organization has grown rapidly to include most of the states of the world. Presently, there are
193 members.
The following are the Principal organs of the UN (Claudio and Abinales, 2018):
 The General Assembly – the main deliberative policymaking and representative organ
 The Security Council – considered by many to be the most powerful organ; the
Permanent 5 (P5) members are China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the
United States.

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 The Economic and Social Council – principal body for coordination, policy review,
dialogue and recommendations on social and environmental issues, as well as
implementation of internationally agreed development goals; presently the central
platform for discussions on sustainable development
 The International Court of Justice – task is to settle inter-state legal disputes with the
consent of both parties.
 The Secretariat – it is the bureaucracy of the UN, serving as a kind of international civil
service.
Challenges of United Nations
• Lack of legal authority to make decisions that are legally binding on states. In most
cases, the UN is limited to nothing more than making recommendations to
governments. (p. 121, Hurd. 2011)
• The limits placed upon its various organs and programs by the need to respect state
sovereignty (p. 45, Claudio and Abinales, 2018).
• Because of the P5’s veto power, it is tough for the Security Council to implement
international acts of military intervention. (Ibid.)
PROGRESS CHECK

Agree or disagree: The United Nations is a weak
international organization. Give an example to
justify your answer.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

19
REFERENCES

20
LIST OF REFERENCES
http://www1.udel.edu/janet/MARC2006/rubric.html.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PXJvyHe1aZk&feature=youtu.be.

21
ABOUT THE AUTHORS/ FACULTY-IN-CHARGE
Kristina P. Francisco-Laurilla
BA Political Science, University of the Philippines Visayas
Diploma in Social Studies Education, University of the Philippines Open University – Los
Banos
Affiliated with:
Basic Arts and Sciences Department, TUP Visayas
Contact Information:
SMS (09177733643/09150746272) or
E-mail (kristina_francisco@tup.edu.ph) or
Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/tintin.francisco.311)
Lorene Cabilinga Abuyon, MAED

AB English, Colegio San Agustin Bacolod
Master of Arts in Education, University of San Agustin Iloilo
Affiliated with:
Basic Arts and Sciences Department, TUP Visayas
Contact Information:
SMS (09499676220/09454184922)
E-mail (lorene_abuyon@tup.edu.ph)
Facebook (http://www.facebook.lorene.abuyon)
MA. DEDEN D. TAYAB, MAED

AB English, West Negros University
Master of Arts in Education, Northern Negros State College of Science & Technology
Affiliated with : Basic Arts and Sciences Department

TUP Visayas Sagay Campus
Contact Information
SMS (09271442256/09994287074)
E-mail : (madeden_tyab@tup.edu.ph)
(dedent0418@gmail.com)


Gec 3 The Contemporary World: Learning Module

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TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES VISAYAS

Capt. Sabi St., City of Talisay, Negros Occidental

College of Engineering/Engineering Technology

BASIC ARTS AND SCIENCES DEPARTMENT

LORENE C. ABUYON, MAEd

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

T - Transparent and participatory governance

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

This course introduces students to the contemporary world by examining the

At the end of this module, the students will be able to:

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

GENERAL GUIDELINES/CLASS RULES

To pass the course, the student must:

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

Note: Grading of Discussion Forums (class participation) will be guided by the

Frequency No participation Participates 1- Participates 3- Participates 4-5

Initial Posts no Posts adequate Posts well Posts well

Follow-Up Posts no follow- Posts shallow Elaborates on Demonstrates

Content Posts Repeats but Posts Posts factually

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

References & Includes no Uses personal Incorporates Uses references

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

Week No.: __1__

TOPIC: Defining Globalization

At the end of the lesson you must have;

1. Differentiated the competing conceptions of globalization;

Why do you need to study the world?

To journalists, political activists critical of economic globalization, globalization

Academics, such as Manfred Steger, use an interdisciplinary approach and describes

Intensification refers to the expansion, stretching and acceleration of these networks.

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

Arjun Appadurai posits that globalization occur on multiple and intersecting

Ethnoscape refers to global movement of people.

STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS

According to Steger, it is an ideology, a widespread belief among powerful people that

Globalization vs. Globalism

Globalization is a process (complicated, intersecting, confusing) while globalism is a

It appears that criticisms are geared towards the manifestations of globalism.

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS

Claudio, Lisandro. (2018). The Contemporary World. C&E Publishing Inc.

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

Week No.: __2__

TOPIC : The Globalization of World Economics

At the end of the lesson you must have;

1. Defined economic globalization;

What is Economic Globalization?

According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), it is a historical process

What are example indicators of economic globalization?

So when did full economic globalization begin?

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS

The Bretton Woods System

Shortly after Bretton Woods, countries agreed to commit themselves to General

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

 minimal government spending to reduce government debt

• cotton grown in and shipped from the U.S.,

Increasing Competition for Commodities

Developing countries, especially China, are devouring huge quantities of many

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

Week No.: 1

Week No.: 2

Week No.: 3

Week No.: 4