SCRIPT

Anfasa  : "Good Morning Students."

Student  : "Good morning, Ma’am."
Anfasa  : "Okay, how's everyone?"
Student  : "Okay, Ma’am."
Anfasa  : "Anyone absent today?"
Student  : "No Ma’am."
Anfasa  : "OK good. Then before we start the lesson, it's better if we pray first, please the class
leader lead the prayer.”
Rafino : "Okay Mam, friends before we start today's lesson, let's pray first according to their
respective beliefs and beliefs, start praying… Finished."
Anfasa  : “Thank you. Are you ready to study?”
Students: "Yes, Ma’am!"
Anfasa  : "Okay, take out the chemistry book."
Rafino   : "Okay Ma’am."
Anfasa  : “Well, yesterday we studied about reaction rate, now we will learn new things, which
still have to do with the rate of reaction. Now, the focus of our discussion is the equilibrium
reaction. Now consider the phenomenon below.

Have you ever seen lightning?

Jenika    : "Yes I have, Ma’am."
Anfasa  : "Can anyone explain how the phenomenon of lightning?"
Alvina    : "May I, Ma’am?."
Anfasa  : "Yes, please."
Alvina    : "Lightning usually appears when it's raining, Ma’am. And there was a flash of light
for a moment, then after that, there was a thunderous sound, Ma’am.”
Anfasa  : “Okay, good, so usually lightning appears in the rainy season.
Because in the rainy season, the air contains a lot of water so that the insulating power drops and
the current flows more easily. Lightning occurs through an equilibrium process. At first there
was a momentary flash of blinding light from the sky. Then followed by a booming
sound. Lightning occurs as a result of the transfer of electrons between the cloud and the
earth. The energy is released in the form of light, heat and sound. The heat energy released when
lightning occurs and has an effect on NO gas in the atmosphere, is it obvious?”
Siti Rani  : "Yes Ma’am"
Anfasa  : “Then, why the heat energy released during lightning effect on NO gas in the
atmosphere?”
Student  : “….” (students are silent)
Anfasa  : “Okay, is there anyone who can write down the reaction of the formation NO gas?”
Regita    : "Me Ma’am."
Anfasa  : "Yes, please."
Regita    : “N + O ⇌ 2NO Like this, Ma’am." (DiNitrogen + Oksigen to become Nitrogen
2(g) 2(g) (g)

dioxide)
Anfasa  : "Then what does that have to do with the lightning phenomenon above?"
Rafino    : "May I, Ma’am."
Anfasa  : "Yes, please."
Rafino   : "At normal temperature and pressure the equilibrium reaction shifts to the left and
there almost no NO gas is formed. heat energy is released by lightning and causes the reaction
equilibrium to shift far to right. NO gas dissolved in rainwater is absorbed by the soil, then plants
absorb NO which dissolved in the rain.”
Anfasa  : "So students, that's one of the examples of a natural phenomenon that involves a
chemical equilibrium reaction."
Ika         : "Okay Ma’am."
Teacher  : “Okay, is there someone who knows the types of reactions?”

Student  : "Reversible and irreversible reactions, Ma’am."

Anfasa  : “Can anyone explain what a reversible and irreversible reaction is?
Dewi      : "Me, Ma’am."
Anfasa  : "Yes, please."
Dewi     : "Irreversible reaction is a kind of one-way reaction and reversible reaction is kind of a
two-way reaction, Ma’am.”
Anfasa  : "Good. Then what are the characteristics of an irreversible reaction and a reversible
reaction?
Anggun  : "May I answer that, Ma’am."
Anfasa  : "Yes, please."
Anggun  : "For irreversible reactions have these following characteristics:

1. The reaction is written with an arrow ()

2. The reaction is completed
3. The reaction will stop when one or all of the reactants are used up.
4. The product of the reaction cannot be returned to the original substance.
Anfasa  : "Okay, thank you. Does anyone want to answer the characteristics of the reversible
reactions?”
Siti Rani : "Me, Ma’am."
Anfasa  : "Yes, please."
Siti Rani : "A reversible reaction has this following characteristics:

1. The reaction is written with two opposite arrows (⇄)

2. The reaction takes place in two directions, namely from the reactants and
from the product.
3. The reaction to the right is called the forward reaction
4. The reaction to the left is called the reverse reaction.

Anfasa  : "Okay thanks. does anyone want to give an example for the irreversible and reversible
reaction?”
Jenika   : "Me, Ma’am."
Anfasa  : "Yes, please."
Jenika   : "For an irreversible reaction an example is : NaOH + HCl (aq) (aq) NaCl + H O
(aq) 2 (l)

               For a reversible reaction, an example is: N + 3H

2(g) 2(g) 2NH      
3(g)

Anfasa  : “Okay good, thank you. Can anyone explain it?”

Regita   : "May I, Ma’am?."
Anfasa  : "Yes, please."
Regita   : “For example, the first reaction is an irreversible reaction, Ma’am. Because of this
reaction, NaOH (sodium hydroxide) reacts with HCl (hydrochloric acid) to form NaCl (sodium
chloride) and H O (hydrogen monoxide). NaCl (sodium chloride) and H O (hydrogen monoxide)
2 2

cannot react again NaOH (sodium hydroxide) and HCl (hydrochloric acid). The second reaction
example is a reversible reaction, Ma’am. this reaction (dinitrogen) N reacts with 3NH (amine 2   2  

form 2NH .(ammonia) 2NH can react again to form N and 3H .”hidrogen
3 3  2  2

Anfasa  : "Okay thanks. Then do you know what dynamic equilibrium is?”

Jenika   : "I don't know Ma’am"
Anfasa  : "Okay, let's look at the decomposition reaction of this N O gas : 2 4 

         N O          ⇌       2NO and conversely)

2 4(g) 2(g)  

        Colorless               red-brown

If a number of moles of N O gas are placed in a closed vessel, What will happen?
2 4

Jenika  : "I would like to answer, Ma’am."

Anfasa  : "Yes, please."
Jenika  : “If a number of moles of gas N O are put into a closed vessel. At first, moles
2 4

of colorless N O gas decompose to NO which is red-brown. But every two molecules of NO

2 4   2 2

with ease combine to form molecules of substance N O again. 2 4 

Anfasa  : "Okay, so what happened to the reaction rate?"

Rafino   : "I would like to answer, Ma’am."
Anfasa  : "Yes, please."
Rafino   : "At first the rate of the decomposition reaction of N O relatively fast than the rate of
2 4

reaction for the formation of N O However, the rate of the formation reaction N O is also getting
2 4 2 4

bigger and bigger according to increase the amount of NO is formed. At one point the rate of
2  

reaction to the decomposition of N O is equal to the rate of the reaction for the formation of
2 4

N O .”
2 4

Anfasa  : "Well this is what is called a state of equilibrium."

Ika Diva : "I would like to ask, Ma’am, how about the equilibrium state, Ma’am?"
Anfasa  : "Can anybody answer it?"
Student  : “….”
Anfasa  : "Ok, In general, a chemical reaction that occurs spontaneously will continue until a
state of dynamic equilibrium is reached. Generally, at the beginning of the reaction, the reactants
have a certain reaction rate. Then after the reaction takes place, the concentration will be less and
less until it becomes constant.”
Alvina  : "So how is dynamic equilibrium achieved, Ma’am?"
Anfasa  : "Can the other answer?"
Rafino  : "Me, Ma’am. Permission to answer."
Anfasa  : "Yes, please"
Rafino  : "A state of dynamic equilibrium will be reached when the two processes opposite
direction takes place with the same reaction rate and concentration is constant or no interference
from outside. Is it like that Ma’am?”
Anfasa  : "Yes, exactly. Then how to achieve a state of equilibrium at the decomposition reaction
of N O earlier?
2 4 

Anggun  : "May, I answer, Ma’am."

Anfasa  : "Yes, please."
Anggun  : "Earlier it was explained that at one time the rate of the decomposition reaction of
N O is the same with the reaction rate of formation of N  O  . Therefore, in the case of
2 4 2  4 

equilibrium, the number of molecules of NO  and N  O  remained. When the situation

2  2  4 

equilibrium is reached, there is no change in the macroscopic properties of the

substance. However, the decomposition reaction and the formation of N  O  still take place
2  4 

continuously and do not stop. So this equilibrium reaction is called dynamic equilibrium. Where
in the situation of dynamic equilibrium, even if macroscopically it does not occur changes, but
microscopically there is a constant change continuously.
Anfasa  : "That's good, thank you. So, does anyone want to conclude about chemical
equilibrium?
Dewi    : "Me, Ma’am."
Anfasa  : "Yes, please."
Dewi    : "So at dynamic equilibrium:

1. A continuous reaction in the opposite direction.

2. Occurs in an enclosed space, constant temperature and pressure. 
3. The rate of reaction towards the products (reactions) is the same as the rate
of reaction towards the reactants (reagents)
4. There are no macroscopic changes, namely changes that can be seen, but
there are microscopic changes, namely changes in the level of particles
(cannot be seen).
5. Every component remains.
Anfasa  : “Yeah good, thank you”
Student  : "Okay Ma’am."
Anfasa  : "Okay, based on the phase of the reacting substances and the products of the reaction,
name it"two kinds of equilibrium reactions!”
Ika Diva  : "I am Ma’am. Permission to answer."
Anfasa  : "Yes, please."
Ika Diva : "homogeneous equilibrium reaction and heterogeneous equilibrium reaction, Ma’am."
Anfasa  : "Good. Then, what is a homogeneous equilibrium reaction and a
reaction heterogeneous equilibrium? Is there anyone that can answer it?"
Jenika  : "I am Ma’am"
Anfasa  : "Yes, please."
Jenika  : “A homogeneous equilibrium reaction is an equilibrium reaction in which the phase of
substances reacts with the products of the same reaction, namely gas or solution. A
heterogeneous equilibrium reaction is an equilibrium reaction in which has different reactant and
product phases.
Anfasa  : "Okay, thank you. Does anyone want to give an example?”
Regita   : "I am Ma’am"
Anfasa  : "Yes, please."
Regita  : “For a homogeneous equilibrium reaction:

1. Equilibrium in the gas phase:

N  + 3H  ⇌ 2NH   
2(g)  2(g)  3(g)

Dinitrogen + 3 molecules of hydrogen to become 2 molecules of

ammonia

2SO2  + O2  ⇌  2SO3   

(g)  (g)  (g)

2 molecules of sulfur dioxide + oxygen to become 3 molecules of sulfur

trioxide

2. Equilibrium in the solution phase:

CH  COOH  ⇌ CH  COO  + H   

3  (aq)  3 
- 
(aq) 
+ 
(aq)

Acetic acid to become acetic ion + hydrogen

NH  OH  ⇌ NH 

4  (aq) 
+ 
+ OH   
4  (aq) 
- 
(aq).

Ammonium hydroxide to become Cations ammonium + Hydroxide      

For a heterogeneous equilibrium reaction:

1. Equilibrium in a gas-solid system:

CaCO3 ⇌ CaO  + CO2    (s)  (s)  (g)

Calcium carbonate to become calcium oxide + carbon dioxide

2. Equilibrium solid solution, occurs on the decomposition of Barium

sulfate with the reaction equation:
 BaSO  ⇌ Ba  + SO   
4(s) 
+ 
2  (aq) 
2- 
4  (aq)

Barium sulfate to become barium + sulfate

3. Equilibrium solid-gas solution, with an example reaction:

Ca(HCO  )  ⇌  CaCO  + H  O  + CO  .” 

3  2(aq)  3(s)  2  (l)  2(g) 

Calcium bicarbonate to become calcium carbonate + water + carbon

dioxide
Anfasa  : "Yeah good. Thank you, OK, now let's talk about
The equilibrium constant (Kc), pay attention to my explanation first,
Expressed (this reaction) aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD , where a, b, c, d are coefficients  
Stoichiometry of A, B, C, D. Kc constant for the reaction at temperature can be stated as
follows:
Kc = [C]c [D]d[A]a[B]b
Then the way to find Kc for homogeneous equilibrium is:
In homogeneous equilibrium, it is generally written as follows. 

mA + nB ⇌ pC + qD
then the equilibrium constant is:

Kc = [C]p [D]q[A]m[B]n (c to the power of p, multiplied by d to the power of q,

divided by a tho the power m, multiplied by b to the power of n)
Okay, so far is it understandable?”
Regita   : "Yes Ma’am, understand Mam"

Anfasa  : "Okay, , I have an example of N + 3H 2(g) 2(g) ⇌ 2NH   3(g)

can anyone write the formula for the equilibrium constant for this reaction?
Dewi   : "I am Ma’am, I want to try to answer"
Anfasa  :"Yes, please"

Dewi   :" Equilibrium constant formula for the reaction N   + 3H   ⇌  2NH   2 (g) 2 (g) 3 (g)

       which means,  Kc = [NH3]2 [N2][H2]3 

Anfasa  : ”Very well indeed, so you have completely understood the explanation from Me, okay
now we continue to look for Kc for equilibrium heterogeneity. The general formula remains the
same but we have to pay attention to the phase substances that influence the determination of Kc.
In heterogeneous equilibrium, the phase of the substance that influences the determination of  Kc
is as follows: 
 1. If there is a gas phase and a solid phase, what determines Kc is the phase
gas. 
2. If there is a gas phase and a liquid phase, what determines Kc is the gas
phase.
3. If there is a solution phase and a solid phase, what determines Kc is the
solution phase.
4. If there is a gas phase, a liquid phase, and a solid phase, what determines Kc
is the gas phase.
How is it understandable?”
Ika Diva : "Yes Ma’am, understand Mam"
Anfasa  : "Well, try to do the example questions that you gave, specify
The formula for the heterogeneous equilibrium constant is as follows:

  BiCl   + H O ⇌ BiOCl + 2HCl  

3 (aq) 2 (I) (s) (aq)

 C   + O   ⇌ CO  
(s) 2(g) 2(g)

Can anyone help me answer this question?"

Alvina  :"I am Ma’am,"
Anfasa  :" Yes, please "

Alvina  : " for the first question, BiCl   + H2O ⇌ BiOCl + 2HCl , we can take note there is
3 (aq) (I) (s) (aq)

a solution phase and a solid phase, so what determines Kc is the solution phase. SoThe formula
for the equilibrium constant is

Kc = [HCl]2 [BiCl3]

then for question number two C + O   ⇌ CO    (s) 2 (g) 2 (g)

we can notice there is a gas phase and a solid phase, so that determines
Kc is the gas phase. the formula for the equilibrium constant is:

Kc = [CO2] [O2]
Anfasa  : "Yes, that's right, then we will discuss the equilibrium stage based on partial
pressure(Kp). Kp only applies to substances with a phased gas (g) only, where the value of Kp
can be written as follows: 

 aA + bB   ⇌ cC + dD
(g) (g) (g) (g)

 Equilibrium constant (Kp)  = (𝑃 ) (𝑃 )   𝐶

𝑐
𝐷
𝑑

                                                 (𝑃 ) (𝑃 ) 𝐴
𝑎
𝐵
𝑏

 Information : 
 PA = Partial Pressure of Substance A 
 PB = Partial Pressure of Substance B 
  PC = Partial Pressure of Substance C 
 PD = Partial Pressure of Substance D 

The pressure value (P) of each substance can be calculated according to the
following calculations: 
For example, calculating the pressure for a substance A 
PA =mol A mol total x P total , how is it understandable?
 
Siti Rani :" yes, understandable Ma’am"
Anfasa  :" Okay now let's move on to the influencing factors shift in equilibrium, does anyone
know what factors are affecting the shift in equilibrium?
Anggun  : "concentrate Ma’am"
Anfasa  : "Yes that's right, is there anything else?"
Student  : (students are silent)
Anfasa  : "ok, will you explain, a system in a state of equilibrium tends to maintain its
equilibrium so that if it is from the outside, the system will change in such a way that
immediately again a state of equilibrium is obtained. In this case, it is known as the Le Chatelier
principle. That is, if action is given in an equilibrium system, then the system will change in such
a way that the effect of the action is as small as possible. Factors that can cause changes to the
system balance, among other things,
1. Concentration Change
If in an equilibrium system the concentration of one of the components in the
system is increased, the equilibrium will shift in the direction of the addition,
and if one of the components is reduced, the equilibrium will shift in the
direction of the reduction.
2. Volume/Pressure Change
Between volume and pressure is inversely proportional, if the volume is
increased then the pressure is reduced and vice versa. If in an equilibrium
system the volume is increased/pressure is reduced then the equilibrium will
shift towards a larger coefficient of substance and if the volume is
decreased/pressure is increased then the equilibrium will shift towards smaller
coefficient.
3. Temperature Change
According to Le Chatelier's principle, if the system in the equilibrium system
increases in temperature, there will be a shift in the equilibrium towards the
reaction that absorbs heat (ΔH is positive/endothermic) and vice versa if the
temperature decreases in the system there will be a shift in equilibrium
towards the reaction that releases heat ( H negative/exothermic).
So those are the factors that affect the shift in equilibrium
Did you understand?”
Students : "Yes Mam, thank you for the explanation Ma’am"
Anfasa : Okay now, I want you to use your gadget, and we gonna run a quiz
Students: Yes, Ma'am
Anfasa : Okay, I’m gonna share the link in our group class (http://www.kahoot.it/), open the link,
and don't forget to use your real name, okay?
Jenika : What is the code for the quiz ma’am?
Anfasa : its 04720167
Jenika : Okay, Ma’am
Anfasa : Okay, is there anybody who has trouble with the Kahoot?
Alvina : No, Ma’am it is work as well
Anfasa : Good, let's start the quiz
Anggun : Yes Ma'am
(students do the quiz)
Anfasa : Wow, you guys are very good at this quiz, I’m sure you understand the material well
Dewi : Thank you ma’am, we do our best
Anfasa : That’s cool Dewi, it is a very good job, and the one who gets the highest score today
will receive a gift from me next week.
Anggun : Thank You so much ma’am
Anfasa  : "Alright, I think this is enough for today’s meeting, don't forget to Study the material
that you have conveyed. Wassalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh. Stay healthy and we
will meet again next week"
Students :" Waalaikumsalam warahmatullahi wabarakatuh, Ma’am, thank you"