GENERAL MATHEMATICS

First Quarter- Module 5B

Representing Real-life
Situations Using Exponential
Functions
General Mathematics – Grade 11
Supplementary Learning Material
Quarter 1 – Module 5B: Representing Real-life Situations Using Exponential
Functions

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DEVELOPMENT TEAM OF THE MODULE

Writer: Reynaldo C. Collado Jr.
Content Editors: Nelia N. Rol
Eva D. Macadangdang
Language Editor: Anthony Augusto M. Garcia
Layout and Design Editor: Reynaldo C. Collado Jr.
Illustrator: Karl Gadwin G. Dela Cruz
Cover Layout Artist: Nemesio S. Cancan Jr., Ed. D.
MANAGEMENT TEAM
OIC-SDS: Romela M. Cruz, CESE
CID Chief: Alyn G. Mendoza, PhDTE
SGOD Chief: Emma G. Arrubio
EPS-in-Charge: Restituto I. Rodelas
EPS-LRMS: Ruby E. Baniqued, EDD
Department of Education – Schools Division Office, Mandaluyong
Office Address: Calbayog St. Highway Hills, Mandaluyong City
Telephone number: CID- 79552557
E-mail Address:sdo.mandaluyong@deped.gov.ph ● www.depedmandaluyong.org

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Handle this module with care. Use a separate sheet in answering the
exercises.
2. Read the directions carefully before doing each task.
3. Activities in this module can be done individually or with the help of
your teacher, home learning partner or knowledge source partner.
4. Finish this module for the intended week.
5. Return this module to the authorized person in charge of retrieval.

MELC 17 Q 1 Week No. 5 Competency Code: M11GM-Ie-3

Competency: Representing Real-life Situations Using Exponential Functions
 1

GM11

Name: ________________________Date: _______________Score:__________

QUARTER 1
Module 5B
Representing Real-life Situations Using Exponential Functions

Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

A. define exponential functions;

B. represent real-life situations using exponential functions.

Let’s Review
Directions: Write the letter of your answer before the number.
265
___ 1. Evaluate 234
.

a. 299 c. 234
b. 265 d. 231
___ 2. If 𝑥 = 2, then 23𝑥 is

a. 32 c. 16
b. 64 d. 128
___ 3. When 𝑥 = 1, then 2𝑥 + (25+𝑥 ) is
a. 14 c. 33
b. 66 d. 34
___ 4. Which of the following is equivalent to 3 · (0.5)𝑥−3 + 4 when x = 5?
19 19
a. 4
c. 3
19 19
b. 5
d. 6

___ 5. What is the value of 𝑦 in the equation 𝑦 = 2 · 3𝑥+1 if 𝑥 = 2?

a. 18 c. 54
b. 12 d. 0

MELC 17 Q 1 Week No. 5 Competency Code: M11GM-Ie-3

Competency: Representing Real-life Situations Using Exponential Functions
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Let’s Study
KEY CONCEPTS

An exponential function is a function of the form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏 𝑥 , or 𝑦 = 𝑏 𝑥 , where 𝑏 > 0,

and 𝑏 ≠ 1.
 Definition. Let b be a positive number not equal to 1. A transformation of an
exponential function with base b is a function of the form 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑎 · 𝑏 𝑥−𝑐 + 𝑑,
where a, c, and d are real number.
 Definition. The natural exponential function is the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 .

Examples:

1. Complete the table of values below for x = -2, -1, 0, 1, 2 for the exponential
1
functions, 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓(𝑥) = (2)𝑥 .

x -2 -1 0 1 2
1 1
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 1 2 4
4 2
1 1 1
𝑓(𝑥) = ( )𝑥 4 2 1
2 2 4

In evaluating the two functions, we just need to substitute the x values

given. For instance, if we replace x in 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 by -2, we will have 𝑓(2) = 2−2 ,
1
which is equal to 4. The same thing happens to all the remaining values of x.

Some of the most common applications in real-life of exponential functions

and their transformations are population growth, exponential decay, and
compound interest.
2. At 𝑡 = 0, there were initially 20 bacteria. Suppose that the bacteria double every
100 hours. Give an exponential model for the bacteria as a function of t.
In this case, at 0 seconds, we have 20 bacteria. After 100 hours, we will
have double it which makes it 40 bacteria, after 200 hours it doubles again
making it 400. We can rewrite such occurrence this way:

Time Number of bacteria

0 20
100 hours 20(2) or 20(21 )
200 hours 20(2)(2) or 20(22 )
300 hours 20(2)(2)(2) or 20(23 )
𝑡
100
hours 20(2𝑡 )
Based from this observation, we can make an exponential model for the
bacteria as a function of t which is, 𝑓(𝑡) = 20(2𝑡 ).
3. Suppose that the half-life of a certain radioactive substance is 10 days and there
are 10g initially, determine the amount of substance remaining after 30 days,
and give an exponential model for the amount of remaining substance.

MELC 17 Q 1 Week No. 5 Competency Code: M11GM-Ie-3

Competency: Representing Real-life Situations Using Exponential Functions
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In this scenario, we can formulate a table for observation such as
follows:
Days Weight of Radioactive Substance in grams
0 10 grams
1
10 10( ) or 10(2−1 ) = 5 grams
2
1 1
20 10(2)(2) or 10(2−2 ) = 2.5 grams
1 1 1
30 10(2)(2)(2) or 10(2−3 ) = 1.25 grams
𝑡
𝑡 𝑓(𝑡) = 10(2−10 ), where t is the number of days
days 1 𝑡
10
Or we can have 𝑓(𝑡) = 10(2)10 .

Let’s Practice

Directions: Determine what is asked in the following problems. Use a

separate sheet of paper for your solution.

1. Complete the table of values below for x = -2, -1, 0, 1, 2 for the
1
exponential functions, 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓(𝑥) = (4)𝑥 .
2. At 𝑡 = 0, there were initially 60 bacteria. Suppose that the bacteria double
every 10 hours. Give an exponential model for the bacteria as a function
of t.
3. Suppose that the half-life of a certain radioactive substance is 15 days and
there are 500g initially, determine the amount of substance remaining
after 45 days, and give an exponential model for the amount of remaining
substance.

Let’s Connect
Mr. Miya plans to grow his money for his retirement using an investment
platform at First Metro Securities Brokerage which offers 8% per annum gain.
Another investment platform at BDO Nomura offers 4% semiannual gain. If
both platforms follow compound interest, which company offer is better if he
plans to invest Php250,000.00 for 5 years? Explain.

Let’s Take the Challenge

A certain type of bacteria, given a favorable growth medium, doubles in
population every 6.5 hours. Given that there were approximately 1000
bacteria to start with, (a) determine the exponential model function f in terms
of t hours and (b) find how many bacteria will there be in a day and a half.

Test Yourself
1. A nautilus shell is made up of many chambers, each chamber roughly 10%
larger than the previous one. Assuming a nautilus creates a new chamber
every year, and this year's chamber has a volume of 1000 microliters, (a)

MELC 17 Q 1 Week No. 5 Competency Code: M11GM-Ie-3

Competency: Representing Real-life Situations Using Exponential Functions
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determine the exponential model function f in terms of t hours and (b) find
how large will the chamber created in 11 years be?
2. A barangay has 1,000 individuals and its population doubles every 60 years.
Give an exponential model for the barangay. What is the barangay’s
population in 10 years?
3. A bank offers a 2% annual interest rate, compounded annually, for a certain
fund. Give an exponential model for a sum of P10,000 invested under this
scheme. How much money will there be in the account after 20 years?
Note: Use the model function 𝐴 = 𝑃(1 + 𝑟)𝑡 , where A is the final amount, P is
the principal, r is the rate and t is the time in years.
4. The half-life of a radioactive substance is 1200 years. If the initial amount of
the substance is 300 grams, give an exponential model for the amount
remaining after t years. What amount of substance remains after 1000 years?
5. You decide to buy a used car that costs $10,000. You’ve heard that the car
may depreciate at a rate of 10% per year. At that rate, what will the car be
worth in 5 years?
Note: Use the model function 𝐴 = 𝑃(1 − 𝑟)𝑡 , where A is the final amount, P is
the principal, r is the rate and t is the time in years.

References:
1. Stitz, C & J. Zeager. 2010. Pre-calculus Version (π) = 3, Corrected Edition.
Lorain County Community College.

2. General Mathematics Learner’s Module. Department of Education. 2016

3. She Loves Math. 2020. Exponential Functions. Copyright © 2020 She Loves
Math. Retrieved from https://www.shelovesmath.com/algebra/advanced-
algebra/exponential-functions/#ExponentialFunctionApplications

4. Stapel, E. 2020. Exponential Word Problems. Purple Math. Retrieved from

https://www.purplemath.com/modules/expoprob2.html

MELC 17 Q 1 Week No. 5 Competency Code: M11GM-Ie-3

Competency: Representing Real-life Situations Using Exponential Functions
 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division Office-

Mandaluyong

Calbayog Street, Highway Hills, Mandaluyong City 1500

Telefax: (632) 79552557

Email Address: sdo.mandaluyong@deped.gov.ph

●www.depedmandaluyong.org

MELC 17 Q 1 Week No. 5 Competency Code: M11GM-Ie-3

Competency: Representing Real-life Situations Using Exponential Functions