MATHEMATICS 1

Subtraction

Subtraction means taking away or removing an object from a given set of

objects. It is the opposite of addition. The parts of subtraction are:

 minuend – the number from which another number is to be

subtracted.
 subtrahend – the number that is to be subtracted.
 minus sign (–) – the symbol used in subtraction.
 difference – the answer in subtraction.

18 – 3 = 15

In 18 – 3 = 15, we call 18 as the minuend and 3 as the

subtrahend. We call 15 as the difference.

10 – 5 = 5 8–1=7
9–4=5 3–0=3
7–3=4 6- 3 = 3

When a number is subtracted from the same number, the answer

is 0.

5-5=0
When 0 is subtracted from a number, the answer is the same
number.

8–0=8
SUBTRACTION PROCESS: MINUEND UP TO 18
REMEMBER!
- Write the numbers in the columns according to the place of their
digits.
- Subtract the ones
- Bring down the tens.

18
- 5__
13

Subtracting 2-Digit Numbers with Minuends up to 99 without

regrouping

REMEMBER:
- Write the numbers in the columns according to the place of their
digits.
- Subtract the ones
- Subtract the tens.

78
- 45__
33

Subtracting 2-Digit Numbers with Minuends up to 99 with

regrouping

REMEMBER:
- Write the numbers in the columns according to the place of their
digits.
- Regroup when the ones digit of the minuend is less than the
ones digit of the subtrahend.
- Subtract the ones, then the tens.

Step 1: Arrange the numbers vertically aligning the proper

place values.

tens ones tens ones

2 4
– 1 6

Step 2: We cannot subtract 6 from 4. Regroup 1 ten from 2 tens.

Write 1 in place of 2.

tens ones tens ones

2 4
– 1 6

tens ones tens ones

1 14
2 4
– 1 6

Step 3: Subtract the ones first. Then subtract the tens.

tens ones tens ones

1 14
2 4
– 1 6
0 8
WORD PROBLEMS INVOLVING SUBTRACTION
To apply the skill in SUBTRACTION or solve the problem involving
subtraction, read and understand the problem, then follow the steps.

There are six (6) steps in solving word problem involving Subtraction.
Step 1 – What is asked?
Step 2 – What are the given facts?
Step 3 – What process will you use?
Step 4 – What is the number sentence?
Step 5 – Show your solution
Step 6 – What is the complete answer?

Example : Father and son picked 75 strawberries from some of the trees
in their farm. They sold 43 strawberries. How many strawberries were left?

Asked: How many strawberries were left?

Given: 75 strawberries picked by father and son,
43 strawberries sold.

Operation: Subtraction
Number Sentence: 75 – 43 = N

7 5
Solution: - 4 3
3 2

Complete Answer: There were 32 strawberries left.