cDrJroNEEr{

ORDERNO.
photo
ARP-047-O
Shot/,n tn thb b Model SX-7.
COMPUTER CONTROLLED

sx-7
STEREORECEIVER

sx-6
SX-s.SiX-EiL
SX-,QISX-4L
. The AM tuner of SX-4L and SX-SL is a two
wave-bandtuner with MW (mediumwave)and
LW (longwave).

Model SX-7 (and SX-6, SX-5 and SX-4) are new

types of receivers featuring microcomputers for
easier operation. The AM/FM tuner stagesincorpo-
rate quartz PLL synthesizers for high stability,
while the power amplifier stage is a non-switching
amplifier which achieves class A quality with class
B efficiency (not included in the SX-4 model).

PIoNEEF| ELECTFICINTC CCtFtFCtFtATtCtN 1 chome. Mesu.o ku. rokyo 153. J5p5n

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FroNaatl an.actFctNlca aua?FAl-ra ETY. LYo. 1 7a 1Ba Bound ro. s 31 95. aust.6r,€

FHO AUG.1981 Printed

in lapan
BLOCK DIAGRAMS
SX.4/KU

FM FRONT ENO FM IF AMP A DETECTOR FM MPX STEREO OEMOOULATOR FREQUENCY OISPLAY

I F A H P A D E T E C T O RI C ItPx STEREo
oEcoo€R Ic

-
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TUNING OETECTOR

ii#n i*---- l
bl
PLL SYNTHESIZER CIRCUIT IC P06004

R6
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KO
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A U X/ v r o E o
POWER AMPLIFIER
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R.CH
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 SX-s/KU

FH FROIIT EiTO FM IF AMP. A OETECTOR FREQUET{CY OISPLAY

IF AMP A OETECTOR IC MPX STEREO LEO t{UTERIC OISPLAY
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IC P0500rr

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CIRCUIT DESCRIPTIONS
Outlineof MainStage
The overallcompositionis outlined in the block diagnmson pp.2-6.
r Tuner Stage

sx-7 sx-6 sx-5 sx-4

l . D . M O S F E T s i n g l e - s t a g eR F J - F E T s i n g l e - s t a g eR F a m p l i f i e r
amplifier plus twin vari-cap p l u s t w i n v a r i - c a pt u n i n g c i r c u i t
tuning circuit (equivalent to Same as SX-7 (equivalent to 3{anged tuning Sameas SX-S
4-ganged tuning capacitor) in capacitor) in FM front-end.
FM front-end.

PLL lC stereo decoder stage Sameas SX-7 Same as SX-7 Same as SX-7

Vari-cap tuning circuit (equiva-

l e n t t o 2 - g a n g e dt u n i n g c a p a c i -
Same as SX-7 Same as SX-7 Same as SX-7
t o r l i n A M t u n i n g s t a g ea n d A M
tuner lC lLA1247l.

o AM/FM SynthesizerStage

sx-7 sx-6 sx-5 sx-4

lmproved S/N ratio achieved by
pulse-swallow system for FM Sameas SX-7 Same as SX-7 Same as SX-7
reception.

S/N ratio 80dB(Mono) S/N ratio 8od8(Monol S/N ratio 75dB(Mono) S/N ratio 75dB(Monol
75dB (Stereol 75dB(Stereo) TOdB(Stereo) 70dB(Stereo)

Frequency memory (presetting) Frequency memory (presettingl

capability for up to 8 stationsin capability for up to 6 stations
each band. in each band.
Same as SX-7 In models including two AM Same as SX-5
bands (LW and MW), any LW or
MW frequencies may be stored
in the 6 AM memories.

3 tuningmodes: Same as SX-7 2 tuningmodes: only the sTATloN scAN

MANUAL MANUAL tuning mode is available.
STATIONSCAN STATIONSCAN
STATIONSEARCH

*MANUAL : Frequency changed in single steps each time the TUNING UP or DOWN hey is pressed. Frequencies scanned
when pressed continuously, the scanning being stopped as soon as the hey is released.
*STATION SCAN : Frequencies scanned. when either TUNING UP or DOWN key is pressed. Scanning pauses for 5
seconds when a broad.casting station b tuned, and stops altogether if the MEMORY/STOP key is pressed
within that 5 second period. Otherwise, the scanning is resumed.,
*STATION SEARCH : Frequencies scanned when either TUNING UP or DOWN key is pressed, and stopped when a
broadcasting station is tuned.
o Amplifier Stage

sx-7 sx-6 sx-5 sx-4

E q u a l i z e ra m p l i f i e r f e a t u r e s l o w - E q u a l i z e ra m p l i f i e r f e a t u r e s l o w - Operational amplif ier (lC)
noise twin FET ICL differential noise transistors differential e u q a l i z e ra m p l i f i e r .
amplifier in first stage,and oper- amplifier in first stage. and oper- Same as SX-S
ational amplifier (lC) in second ational amplifier (lC) in second
stage for MC cartridges. stage.

S/N ratio 8OdB(MM) S/N ratio 79dB S/N ratio 70dB S/N ratio
67dB(MC)

Microcomputercontrolled elec-
tronic switching lC (PA40O8l Same as SX-7 Same as SX-7 Sameas SX-7
for function selector.

Microcomputer controlled VCA Conventional volume control

lC(PA5O04) volume control with variable resistor.
features 32-step control, pre- Same as SX-7 Same as SX-5
settable levels and audio rnuting
(-2sdBl.

Non-switching amplifier em- Conventional class B ampli-

ployed in poweramplifierstage. SameasSX-7 SameasSX-7 f ier

Output power 60W+60W Output power 45W+45W Output power 30W+30W Output power 20W+2OW
l2OHz-20kHzl (20H2-20kHz) l2OHz-20kHzl l2OHz-2Ok{zl
Rateddistortion O.009% Rateddistortion 0.OO9% Rateddistortion O.O2/" Rateddistortion O.O4%

o DisplayStage

sx-7 sx-6 sx-5 sx-4

s-digit LED numericdisplayof 16-point scale LED display of
Same as SX-7 Same as SX-7
tuned frequency. tuned frequency.

LED numeric display of elec-

Same as SX-7 Not featured in SX-5 Not featured in SX-4
tronic volume control levels.

LED numeric display of time

(built-in quartz clock function). Not featured in SX-6 Not featured in SX-S Not featured in SX-4

6-point LED display of output

power. Same as SX-7 Not featured in SX-5 Not featured in SX-4

3-point LED SIGNAL indicaror TUNED indicator to show that

indicating signal strength of Same as SX-7 Same as SX-5
broadcast station has been
tuned frequency. tuned.
TunerStage The basic non-switching amplifier circuitry is
O I.D.MOSFET outlined in Fig. 1-2. To simplify the diagram,
The FM front-end RF amplifier in model SX-? transistor Vgn and diode Vg, E1 and E2 are
(and SX-6) features an I.D. MOS FET (ion-implan- assumedto be 0.6V and the transistor basecurrent
tation dual gate MOS FET) - P001 manufactured is disregarded.While no input signal is applied, the
by Pioneer Semiconductor Laboratory. The major voltage drop across R5 and R6 may also be dis-
features of this FET - P001 include high gain,Iow regarded. And if the voltage acrossR1 and R2 due
noise, Iow distortion and low IM (P.G. 25dB/ to idle current is ignored, the voltages at different
positions will be as shown in the diagram.
100MHz, N.F. 2dBl100MH2, I.M. -54d8/107dBp)
as a result of an extremely accurate short channel When an input signal is applied, a voltage will be
obtained by a "self aligning" operation involving generated across Rt by NPN stage (Q1/Q3) oper-
a "local silicon oxidation" process. Furthermore, ation during the positive portion of the signal. This
a O.4p narrow channel (1/3rd to 1/5th the width voltage is applied to the Q5 emitter-follower
in normal components) has been achieved by the (voltage gain of about 1) resulting in almost the
ion-implantation double diffusion construction. same voltage being generated across Rb. This
Use of this FET in the FM front-end greatly voltage is then added to the output stage bias
assists in improving sensitivity and reducing inter- voltage. Hence, the PNP stage (Q2/Q4) maintains
ference. the same bias conditions as when no signal was
applied, which means there is no cutoff. Likewise,
o Pulse-Swallow PLL Synthesizer the NPN stage maintains the same bias conditions
When the VCO (Voltage Controlled Oscillator) during the negative portion of the signal as when
frequency is very high and the CMOS progmmm- no signal was applied, again eliminating any cutoff.
able divider operating frequency is exceeded, the
PLL will cease to function. Two methods are
presently available to resolve this problem. In one
of these methods (the fixed divider system), an
ECL (Emitter to Emitter Coupled Logic) prescaler
is positioned in front of the programmable divider.
And when, for example, a 1/10 prescaler is em-
ployed to obtain 25kHz step frequencies, the
reference frequency will be 2.5kHz. This frequency
is very low and cannot be adequately removed by
the low-pass filter. As a result, signal components
are leaked into the mixer leading to deterioration
in the S/N ratio. This is one of the main dis-
advantagesof the fixed divider system.
The other method available is the pulse-swallow
system which employs a special frequency divider
called a "two-modulus prescaler" instead of the
F i s .1 - 1 Pulseswallowsystem
prescaler used in the fixed divider system. In this
method, a 25kHz step synthesizer will generate a
25kHz reference frequency and a 50kHz step
synthesizer will generate a 50kHz reference
frequency, resulting in a much higher S/N ratio
than in the fixed prescaler system.
The pulse-swallow system employed in the SX-7
is incorporated in an IC (M54922P) controlled by
microcomputer.
Amplifier Stage
o Non-Switching Amplifier(SX-7,SX-6,SX-s)
In non-switching amplifiers, the output stage
transistor bias is controlled on the basis of class B
operating point in order to maintain the operation
within the operating region (between cutoff and
saturation) and thereby suppress the generation of
switching distortion. Fig. 1-2 Basiccircuitry of Non SwitchingAmplifier

I
Gontrol Stage
The incorporation of microcomputers in these E Xlol
receivers has further simplified operational Xlol KI
procedures. The PD6007 (SX-7) and PD6004 REEEi K2
tRo
(SX-6, SX-5 and SX-4) ICs are both basically the Kl
so KO
same 4-bit microcomputer (with 2k-bit memory sl STBY
capacity), the main difference lying in the software sczro Fia

program. Whereasthe PD6007 incorporates a clock T' Rr5

ro
function, the PD6004 features a 2 band (LW/MW) Rr2
Pr H t l
AM tuner switching function. P2 Rto
The PD6007 and PD6004 pin configurations are Pr Re

shown in Fig. 1-3. Oo RE

Ol R7

Oz R6
U3 d5

R4
O5 R5

O6 R2
Rr

V3s RO

Fig. 1-3 Pin configurationof PD6007(PD6004)

iSET
rRo
SF
5U
fp"
I
IP.
I

lLPo
"'
l-xo
I 5-TH
KEY INPUT l*' DIGIT
o oR5
l*'
LKo
CLOCK INPUT
(5OOHz) TC

SCANSTOP Rl3
MUTINGOtIT Rt2

P.O.DATA
/
[-n,r
o)4.,, I
I
R'o
ol M54s22P
INPIJT
1""
LRe
__
t l-nz ! 5""i'- aM/
I
AJ
|
LR6
cPs RE.ET
R5
R.

AF MUTE IND R3
VOL. MEMORY R2
VOL. lND. Rr

VOL.OATA
f"o
I ^-
our PUT | "'
lo"
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loo
Lo. c4 Fil

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fo.
our PUT | "'

EXTAL
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lo'
Loo
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:,.':,,,"
C3 AM
c2 PHOilO
C { A'XIVID€O

FUIICTION
SELECTfi IC

Fig. 1-4 Systemdiagramof control section(SX-7)

10
o Synthesizer
Control
Fig. 1-5 outlines the tuner-related computer
operation command input key matrix.
Keydescription
9k/10k : AM-MW band frequency step switch.
ON for 9kHz steps,and OFF for 10kHz
steps.
9k/1k (PD6004) : AM-LW band frequency step
switching. ON for 9kHz steps,and OFF
for lkHz steps.
TUNING AUTO/MANUAL : ON for auto tuning
(x1), and OFF for manual tuning.
SCAN/SEARCH : ON for short-time hold search
(x2), and OFF for operation according
to TUNING AUTO/MANUAL switch
(*6).
FM : Display of tuned frequency by single
push (*3), and pin 16 of synthesizerIC
(M54922P\ switched to L level (x4).
AM : Display of tuned frequency by single
push (*3), and pin 16 of synthesizer IC
(M54922P) switched to H level (x{).
LW/MW (PD6004) : LW-MW switching with each NON- LOCK SW. LOCK SW. NON-LOCK SW.
push.
M1 - M8 : T\rned frequency presetting keys. Cor-
responding STATION indicator lights
up (*5).
TUNING UP, DOWN : Frequency tuning keys.
IlnAnjJ
Fig. 1-5 Switch key matrix for synthesizer
control
MEMORY/STOP : Memory store enable key.
STATION indicators (1 to 8) and the
PRESET STEP indicator blinks on and
off for 5 seconds when pressed once.
A broadcasting station and volume step (*4) The data transfened to M54922P contains 2O bits.
may be stored in memory during this 5 These are diuided into 5 groups of 4 bits each by the
second period. And when pressed 4 pins Rg to R1y The transfer output clock is
obtained from R6 and R7. The first 4 data items
during frequency scanning, the scann- (16 bits) are used in programmable diuider frequency
ing operation is halted. diuision, while the Sth data item (4 bifs) is used for
EL,E2 : Switching for different regions (USA, operation mode designation.
Europe etc.) Wired up according to (*5) BCD encoded data from pins Og - Og is applied to
the BCD to decimal decoder IC (M74LS42P). Pins I
region without switching.
to 9 (excluding pin 8) correspond. to Ml to M8, and
81, B2 (PD6004) : FM IF offset adjustment. are switched to L leuel resulting in the LEDs being
lit up.
(*6) Actual circuits are wired so that the K6 line to the
(*1) Station search where frequencies are scanned by SCAN/SEARCH switch is cut when the AUTO/
pressing ?UN/NG UP or DOWN key once. Scanning MANUAL switch is in the MANUAL position. The
stops when broadcast station frequency is tuned. SCAN/SEARCH switch will be operatiue only when
(*2) Station scan where frequencies are also scanned by in the AUTO position.
pressing TUNING UP or DOWN key once. Scanning
pauses for 5 seconds when broad,casting station
frequency is tuned. Scanning will be resumed after
the 5 second pause unless the MEMORY/STOP hey
is pressed.
(*3) 16-bit serial d.ata from the SO pin is sent to the
frequency display d,riuer IC (TD6301P), conuerted
to 7-segment decimal data by transfer cloch (output
from Pg and P1 pins) for driuing the LED numeric
display.
r FunctionSelectorControl
The computer operation command input key
matrix for function selector control is outlined in
Fig. 1-6.
Keydescription
PHONO : Pin 10 of the IC (M74LS42P) refened
to above (*5) is switched to L level (*7), and
volume steps are displayed (00 - 31) in the
LED numeric display.
AUX : Pin 11 of IC (M74LS42P) switched to L
level (x8), and volume step also displayed in
LED numeric display.
FM: Pin 16 of IC (M54922P) switched to L level
as describedabove (x9).
AM: Pin 16 of IC (M54922P) switched to H level
as describedabove (x9).
LW/MW (PD6004) : AM band switching.
CLOCK (PD6007) : Time displayed in LED
numeric display when pressed 1x19;. Display-
ed time is adjusted by TUNING UP and
DOWN keys while the CLOCK key is depress-
ed. In the SX-7, time is displayed as long as
the POWER switch is left in the STD-BY
position.
Fig. 1-6 Switch key matrix for function selector
(*7) L leuel here results in PHONO indicator being
turned on, and the PHONO channel of the elec-
tronic switch (PA4008) used by the FUNCTION
selector aleo being turned on.
(*8) L leuel here results in the AUX indicator plus the
IC (PA4008) AUX channel being turned on.
(*9) Depending on whether pin 16 of IC (M54922P) is
at L leuel or H leuel, and the leuel of pin 10 (L
leuel for PHONO) and, pin 11 (L level for AUX) of
IC (M74LS42P), the AM-FM switching circuit is
actiuated, the AM or FM indicator tumed on, and
the IC (PA4008) AM or FM channel switched ON.
(*10) A 500H2 pulse signal obtained by diuiding the
crystal oscillator signal (source of the synthesizer
reference signal) appears at pin 17 of IC (M54922P),
and is applied to the TC pin of PD6007 to actiuate
the cloch functions.

r Volume Control (SX-7 and SX-61

Models SX-7 and SX-6 have been equipped with
an electronic volume control IC (PA5004). This IC
has the following 4 functions.
1. The gain is changed from -90d8 to OdB by
changing the voltage on the VOL terminal
(pin 12) from 0 to 3.2V.
2. The balance is changed continuously from right
channel only (-bV) to center (0V) and left
channel only (+5V) by changing the voltage on
the BAL terminal (pin 9) from -bV to +5V. Fis. 1-7 Switch key matrix for volumecontrol
3. Audio muting of approximately -25dB is
applied when the MUTE terminal (pin 11) is
switched to L level.
 4. Loudness as determined by a twin T-shaped
filter connected between pin 3 (6) and pin 5
(14) is activated when the LOUD terminal
(pin 7) is switchedto L level.
The operation command input key matrix for
the VOLUME control is outlined in Fig. 1-7.
Key description
VOLUME UP, DOWN : Increase and decreaseof
5-bit electronic volume control data
(*11). 32 positions are available (00 to
31).
MUTING : Audio muting switch (*12).
VOLUME PRESET : Memory switch for the elec-
tronic volume control steps positions
(32 positions from 00 to 31).
MEMORY/STOP : Memory store enable key. A
single push enables VOLUME position
and STATION frequency to be stored
in memory during a 5 second period.
(*11) The S-bit output data from Oa - OZ and Rgpins is
conuerted f'rom digital to analog data by ladder
resistor and applied to pin 12 of PA5004.
(*12) The Rg pin is switched alternately to H and L leuels
each time this switch is pressed. This H/L leuel is
applied to pin 11 of PA50O4, the L leuel resulting in
actiuation of the muting circuit.
o Other Terminals
R1 Switched to L level when the electronic
volume control position (00 - 31) is display-
ed. The VOLUME indicator is controlled by
this signal (SX-? and SX-6).
R2 Switched to L level when the VOLUME
PRESET key is pressedonce, and when the
MEMORY/STOP key is pressed,L level and
H level are switched alternately for a 5
second period. The PRESET STEP indicator
is controlled by this signal.
R3 Switched to L and H level alternately each
time the MUTING key is pressed. The
PA5004 audio muting operation (-25dB)
and the MUTING indicator are both con-
trolled by this signal.
R4 Switched to L level during time display by
PD6007. The colon (:) in the time display is
controlled by this signal (SX-7).
And with the PD6004, this pin is switched
to L and H levels alternately during frequen-
cy scanning operations, the signal being used
to turn the TUNED indicator on and off
(Sx-5 and SX-4).
R5 : Switched to L level when 50kHz unit
included in the FM tuning frequency (during
tuning mode where FM frequencies are
changedin 50kHz steps). This signal controls
the "0" and "5" in the 5th digit position
(10kHz unit) in the FM frequency display.
And with the PD6004, this pin is switched
to L level when the LW band is selected (in
models equipped with 2-band AM tuner
section).
R6 : Synthesizer IC (M54922P) control output
(data transfer clock I). Data transfer is
commenced by the trailing edge of this
signal (i.e. the moment that the pin is
switched to L level).
R7 : Synthesizer IC (M54922P) control output
(data transfer clock II). Data reading timing
signal. The M54922P reads data by synchro-
nizing with the trailing edge of this signal.
R8, R9, R10, R11 : Data output and key inputs
applied toM54922P.
RL2 : Muting output. Switched to L level for
about 1 second when PHONO, AUX, FM
and AM (LW/MW) key is pressed. Also
switched to L level (for about 0.7 seconds)
when the Ml to M8, TUNING UP or
TUNING DOWN key is pressed. These
signals control the electronic switching IC
(PA4008) in order to suppress switching
noise.
Rl-3 : Scanning operation stopped when an H level
input signal is applied during STATION
SCAN or STATION SEARCH tuning mode.
Input of detector signal from tuner section
tuning detector circuit.
Memory Hold
Model SX-7 is equipped with an auxiliary power
supply circuit used to supply the microcomputer
with power irrespective of the POWER switch
position. In this way, the microcomputer RWM
(read write memory) contents can be preserved
for about 2 weeks when the AC mains power is
completely switched off. The clock function is
inhibited in this case. If the AC mains power is
left off for more lhan 2 weeks, the RWM contents
will disappear, and will therefore have to be
rewritten if the memory is to be used again.
The RWM hold period in the SX-6, SX-5 and
SX-4 models when the POWER switch is left off
is about 3 days. When two new size "AA" dry
batteries are used, however, memory contents can
be maintained for several vears.
 The RWM hold period in the SX-7 has been
extended by inhibiting the microcomputer (con-
sumption current is less than 10pA). And in the
SX-6, SX-5 and SX-4, the battery life has likewise
been extended in much the same way. This
inhibition operation is controlled by the I-EQ-and
STBY terminals. The switching sequence involved
in switching to inhibit mode must follow the order
shown in Fig. 1-8. Normal memory functions are
lost once the inhibit mode Vcc drops below 2.5V.
Note that the RIESET terminal has to be at H level
during inhibit mode. Furthermore, approximately
lmA of current is consumed until cessationof the
clock pulse input (Extal).
Although the switch on sequence during restart
has not been specified, the reset signal is applied
only after all prescribed values have been retumed Fig. 1-8 Powersupplysequence
for inhibit mode
to normal.