Women™s Political Participation

Studies show higher numbers of women in parliament

generally contribute to stronger attention to women™
issues. Women™ political participation is a fundamental
prerequisite for gender equality and genuine democracy.
It facilitates women™s direct engagement in public
decision-making and is a means of ensuring better
accountability to women.
Political accountability to women begins with increasing
the number of women in decision-making positions, but it
cannot stop there. What is required are gender-sensitive
governance reforms that will make all elected officials
more effective at promoting gender equality in public
policy and ensuring their implementation.
One of the pillars of UN Women™ work is advancing
women™ political participation and good governance, to
ensure that decision-making processes are participatory,
responsive, equitable and inclusive. Efforts are focused
through strategic entry points that can advance the status
of women by catalysing wide-ranging, long-term impacts.
Support is provided to equip women to translate the
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), now ratified
by the majority of the world™s governments, into legal
guarantees of gender equality. Another strategy is through
working with multiple stakeholders, like women™s
organizations, governments, the UN system and the
private sector, to bring more women into government,
train women leaders, and boost women™s skills to
actively participate in elections as candidates and voters.

Rural Sociology

Rural life is the principal pivot around which whole

Indian social life revolves. India is a land of agriculture.
Its history, customs and traditions, complex social
organization and unity in diversity etc can be understood
by the study of rural life.
Rural sociology is the scientific study of rural society. It
involves a systematic study of rural society, its
institutions, activities, interactions and social change. It
not only deals with the social relationships of man in a
rural environment but also takes urban surroundings into
consideration for a comparative study.
According to A.R Desai rural sociology should be to
make a systematic, scientific and comprehensive study of
the rural social organization of its structure, function and
objective tendencies of development and on the basis of
such a study to discover the laws of its development.
T.L Smith says that some investigators study social
phenomena that are present only in or largely confined to
the rural environment to persons engaged in agricultural
occupation.
Such sociological aspects and principles as one derived
from the study of rural social relationships may be
referred to as rural sociology. Bertrand has observed that
in the broadest definition rural sociology is the study of
human relationships in rural environment.
Rural sociology is a holistic study of rural social setting.
It provides us with valuable knowledge about the rural
social phenomena and social problems which helps us in
understanding rural society and making prescriptions for
its all round progress and prosperity.

Main Features Of Rural Society

Village is a community-
The village satisfies all their needs in the village. They
have a sense of unity and a feeling of amiability towards
each other.
Village is a institution-
The development of villages is influenced considerably by
the life of the village. In this way village is a primary
institution.
Religiosity-
Faith in religion and universal power is found in the life of
the villages.

The major occupation is agriculture which involves

dependence on nature. Farmers worship forces of nature.
The life of the village is the joint family system.
Family has a strict control and administrative powers over
the individual. All the members of the family share the
burden of the family occupation. In this way of working
together the villagers maintain sense of cooperation
among themselves. In the life of the villagers group
feeling occupies an important place. They respect the
judgment and obey the orders of their elders and the
panchayats.Society, caste and panchayat have control
over the individual.
Origin And Development Of Rural Sociology

Rural sociology is a new branch of sociology with studies

being carried out from 19th century. The prominent
scholars engaged in rural sociology during this period
were- Sir Henry Maine, Etton, Stemann, Baden Powell,
Slater and Pallock etc.
The period of 1890-1920 in America saw the rural
societies facing many socio-economic problems which
attracted the attention of the intelligentsia thus
establishing study of rural society as an academic
discipline. The appointment of Country life Commission
by Theodore Roosevelt was an important landmark in the
history of rural sociology. In 1916 the first text book on
sociology was published by J.N Gillettee.
The Second World War caused heavy destruction and
damage to human society which needed reconstruction.
As a result rural sociology got an impetus in USA. The
main concern of rural sociology came to be the
understanding and diagnosing of the social and economic
problems of farmers. More emphasis was placed on issues
such as the internal structures of community life and the
changing composition of rural populations than on their
relationships with land or the social aspects of agricultural
production. Theoretically rural sociology remained caught
up in bipolar notions of social change whereas rural often
got defined as the opposite of urban.Rurality was
conceptualized as an autonomous sociological reality. The
identification of rural sociology with rural society has also
raised questions about its relevance in the western context
where no rural areas were left anymore and almost the
entire population had become urbanized.
In response to these critiques of rural sociology a new
sub-discipline of sociology emerged that operated largely
within the functionalist paradigm and was preoccupied
with the study of the community life of rural people. This
sub-discipline known as sociology of agriculture focused
its attention on understanding and analyzing the social
framework of agricultural production and the structures of
relations centered on land. It raised questions about how
and on what terms the agrarian sector was being
integrated into the system of commodity production and
about the unequal distribution of agricultural incomes and
food among the different social categories of people.
The sociology of agriculture also distinguished itself from
peasant studies on the grounds that its focus was on
capitalist farming where the production was primarily for
the market, not on peasants producing for their own
consumption by using family labour.Thus it claimed more
kinship with the tradition of the political economy of
agriculture or agrarian studies. At the methodological
level, historical inquiries became as relevant as
ethnographic/empirical studies.Thisconceptual shift
during the early 1970s also helped in bringing sociologists
working on agrarian issues in the western countries closer
to those concerned with agrarian transformations in the
third world.
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of sociology importance of sociology in india The Indian
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after independence . The agrarian context occupies special
status both in the social scientific Scope Of
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This objective is dealt with justice by functionalist school
of sociology Sociology and other social sciences –
Sociology in India – Importance of Sociology. 2. Human
Society and Culture
Sociology Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim
and Max Weber –Sociology and other social sciences –
Sociology in India – Importance of Sociology
………………………..
Women status
On the threshold of the 21st century, the country is
witnessing a major ‘women’supsurge’, which is the result
of the cumulative and interactive effect of the sustained
efforts of government, the women’s movement and the
civil society at various fronts over the last two decades. In
this process, an active and grassroots levelleadership is
emerging among women. If properly harnessed, this can
be a veryeffective and catalytic agent for transforming the
social conditions of women in the country. There are at
least two positive indicators of this ‘upsurge’ and a
negativeone, which is indicative of women’s assertion –
of their rights for justice, for equality of status and level
of empowerment.
The provisional results of Census 2001, registering a
change in female literacy –
from 22% in 1971 to 54% in 2001 – indicates that India’s
women have reached a
‘critical mass’ that foretells marked changes in human
energy and social change.
The second indicator can be derived from women’s
participation in the panchayat
and municipal elections after, the 73rd and 74th
Constitutional Amendments, both as
candidates and as voters. Both these indicators have their
cascading effect on
society, cutting across caste, communities and religious
groups. For example, women
in the minority communities and some Adivasi groups
have not only organised
themselves, but have initiated dialogues within their own
communities and with the
state for improving their legal participatory rights within
the family, the community,
and the state. The efforts of the Christian, Muslim and
tribal women in various parts
of the country are pointers in the direction.
The negative indicator is provided by the data on crime
against women, which is
on the rise even though much of the domestic violence
against women are not fully
captured by the statistics. As the women assert their rights
in a male dominated
patriarchal society, they have to face resistance and
opposition leading to violence.
The challenging task of social empowerment of women in
India in the coming years
is how best to further unfold the positive changes and
counter the forces of violence
in all its forms through a process of education, regulation
and awareness.
The available results of the recent Census have brought
the issues of population,
health, education, employment and social security to the
‘center stage’. The natural
population pyramid of the country is changing. The sex-
wise pyramids are becoming
increasingly dissimilar, creating grave gender-based
imbalances and disadvantages.
The reverse employment pyramid of women, the sharp
decline in sex-ratio of under
seven population, more women than men in the 60+ age
group, continuing sex-wise
differentials in literacy, IMR and CMR, etc. are the
issues, which need immediate
and concerted attention during the Tenth Plan.
Several research studies, including National Family
Survey (2000), were conducted,
which revealed that there were many issues related to
women, which needed
attention. Some of these are:
l Women had no access to political participation.
l They lacked organisation in groups, and were
consequently isolated.
l They had no access to credit or resources.
l They lacked education, vocational training, and skills to
earn a livelihood.
l Women’s health and nutritional status was poor, with
around 50% women aged
15-49 years being anemic.
l Water and fuel were not easily available within their
homes, and fodder was not
easily available within a convenient distance.
l In cases of medical emergencies, adequate medical
attention was not available,
leading to high mortality, especially maternal mortality.
There is lack of good
roads for speedy transportation.
l In case of adverse life situations, social support
measures are inadequate in rural
areas, e.g. widowhood or disability.
A change in the status of the women is a good indicator of
the pattern and direction
of social change. If the direction of that change is towards
a more egalitarian
distribution of roles between men and women, in tune
with the constitutional
directives, then the direction of change is a wholesome
one. If, however, the various
modernizing processes result in an intensification of
inequalities, then we are moving
away from the spirit of the constitution.
Status is referred to as a position in a social system or a
subsystem which is
distinguishable from and, at the same time, related to
other positions through its
designed rights and obligation. However, status involves
comparison and grading.
The Committee on the Status of Women recognized status
as:
l place in ritual hierarchy
l financial position
l independent job
l educational background
l political participation
In our attempt to highlight some of the major issues
concerning the status of rural
women, we shall broadly indicate two types of status,
quantitative and qualitative.
Quantitative indicators include vital statistics of birth and
mortality rates, sex ratio,
degree of participation in economic and political life,
literacy and education. These
being measurable, they might provide some broad trends.
However, it is not
possible to study them meaningfully without a qualitative
appraisal and understanding
of their limitations, especially in a field, such as women’s
studies. For example,
socio-economic difference among women do not
necessarily get reflected in macro
data, such as national and state averages. The need for
disaggregated data becomes
compelling for developing a clearer concept of indicators
of women’s development.
We shall discuss some of these data under two broad
headings, viz., socio-cultural
status and economic status, though both are
interdependent.
1.2 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPIC STATUS
The indicators we shall discuss in this section are mainly
related to health, education,
differential treatment given to women and the attitude of
the society towards
defining women’s role and status.
Some of the factors affecting women’s health are high
female mortality rate in
certain age groups, marked preference for sons and the
consequent neglect of
female infants, lower status of women and the general
neglect of women at all
ages. The other factors affecting the status are the adverse
impact of frequent and
excessive child bearing on the health of women, higher
evidence of certain diseases
in women and higher work burden and drudgery. A
comprehensive view of the
health and educational status of rural women is given in
other units of this Block.

Society’s Attitude towards Women

Our customs and traditions still decide how women
should dress and what norms will a widow follow. This
indicates that women can not take decision by themselves.
Purdah is found to be common in many parts. This
custom creates a barrier in the participation of women in
areas where men are important actors. While most men
express disapproval of dowry, they are found to be
between them and their sisters in parental property. The
inequalities inherent in our traditional social structure,
based on caste, community and class, have a very
significant influence on the status of women in different
spheres. Socially accepted rights and expected roles of
women, norms governing their behaviour and of others
towards them vary among different groups and regions.
They are closely affected by the stage and methods of
development and the position held by the group in the
social hierarchy. This makes broad generalizations
regarding women’s status unrealistic.
Traditions and religions have a strong influence on
women in guiding their lives frombirth to death. It is also
observed that these did not have a homogenous pattern
and have undergone many changes and remodeling under
the compulsions of changes in other spheres of life;
especially economic and political. Nevertheless, the social
disabilities, although modified, continue. Marriage and
motherhood continue to bethe most honourable and
religiously valuable achievement for women.
In some religious texts, women are found to be excluded
from officiating at community worship. In matters of law
relating to divorce, maintenance, custody and
inheritance, women continue to stand at a disadvantage.
Derogatory social practicesand atrocities, such as rape,
dowry, bride burning and so on, continue to affect
women at large. They are the most vulnerable targets of
political violence too.
These are expressed in rape, killings of women, especially
of Scheduled Castes,Scheduled Tribes, and Other
Backward Classes, who are increasingly participating
in struggles for higher wages, land rights, rights to use
forest produce like fodderand fuel and so on.
While the impact of various developmental policies, plans
and programmes implemented over the last few decades
have brought forth a perceptible improvement
in the socio-economic status of women, problems like
illiteracy, ignorance,discrimination and violence continue
to persist even today. The following paragraphs
give an account of achievements in the selected areas of
demography and vital statistics; health and family
welfare; literacy and education; work and employment;
decision-making; political participation; etc.ss

……..
WELFARE SCHEMES FOR IMPLEMENTATION
UNDER:-
 

(A)       Government of Delhi.

The plan schemes included under the sector “Welfare of

SC/ST/OBC/Min.” are being implemented by the
following Departments of Government of NCT of Delhi.
 

Sl. Name of the Department Number of

No. schemes being
implemented
1. Department for the Welfare 9
of SC/ST/OBC/Min.
2. DSCFDC 7
 3. Dte. of Training & Technical 1
Education
4. Irrigation & Flood Control 1
Department
  Total 18
 

(B)       Centrally Sponsored Scheme

Sl. No. Name of the Department Number of

schemes being
implemented
1. Department for the Welfare 4
of SC/ST/OBC/Min.
                                                                                                       
                                                                                   

Type of Schemes

 
Sl. No Sector/ Scheme Implementing
Agency
1. Educational Development Department for
the Welfare of
Free Supply of Stationery to
SC/ST/OBC/Min. students in SC/ST/OBC/Min.
school.
2. Merit Scholarship to Department for
SC/ST/OBC/Min. Students. the Welfare of
SC/ST/OBC/Min.
(a) Merit Scholarship to Department for
SC/ST/OBC/Min. (Class with the Welfare of
VIth   to XII) SC/ST/OBC/Min.
(b) Merit scholarship for College Department for
& professional institution the Welfare of
student belonging to SC/ST/OBC/Min.
SC/T/OBC/Min.
3. Vocational & Tech. Dte. of Training &
Scholarship to Technical
SC/ST/OBC/Min. Students Education
4. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar State Department for
Award for the Toppers the Welfare of
amongst SC/ST/OBC/Min. SC/ST/OBC/Min.
students

 
5. Reimbursement of tuition fee Department for
for SC/ST/OBC/Min. students the Welfare of
in public schools SC/ST/OBC/Min.
6. Hostel for SC/ST/OBC/Min. Department for
Boys at Dilshad Garden the Welfare of
SC/ST/OBC/Min.
7. Hostel for SC/ST/OBC/Min. Department for
Girls at Dilshad Garden the Welfare of
SC/ST/OBC/Min.
8. Pre- Examination coaching Department for
for SC/ST/OBC/Min. the Welfare of
students. SC/ST/OBC/Min.

 
   Health, Housing and Others  

     

9. Funding of 50% share by the Department for

Government towards the Welfare of
development charges for SC/ST/OBC/Min.
electrification of
Unelectrified house
sites/colonies allotted under
twenty point programme
(TPP)

 
10. Institutions of Dr. Ambedkar Department for
Ratan Award the Welfare of
SC/ST/OBC/Min
 

Schemes being implemented by DSFDC.

 
11. Educational Loan Scheme for Details available
SC/ST/OBC and Minority on the website of
DSFDC
  Economic Development  

 
12. Composite Loan Scheme Details available
on the website of
DSFDC
13. Providing Financial Assistance  Details available
for purchase of light on the website of
commercial vehicles like DLY DSFDC
Taxis, Tata-407, Tempo,
Passenger Vehicles (CNG),
Loading Vehicles etc.
14. Providing financial Assistance Details available
for purchase of CNG three on the website of
wheeler scooters. DSFDC
15. Big loan/industrial/service Details available
sector loan project costing upto on the website of
Rs. 5.00 lacs DSFDC
16. Vocational Training Details available
on the website of
DSFDC
 17. Financial Assistance to Details available
DSFDC. on the website of
DSFDC
 

Sl. Sector/ Scheme Implementing

No Agency
18. Improvement of SC/ST Basties Irrigation & Flood
Department
  
 
Centrally Sponsored Schemes
 
Sl. Sector/ Scheme Implementing
No Agency
1. Implementation of the Department for
Protection Civil Rights Act, the Welfare of
1955 and SC/ST (Prevention of
SC/ST/OBC/Min.
atrocities) Act, 1989.
 2. (a)      Coaching and allied Department for
assistance for weaker sections the Welfare of
including SC/OBC/Min.
SC/ST/OBC/Min.
(b)      Pre-exam Coaching
Centers for SC/ST students.
3. Post Metric Scholarship to Department for
SC/ST/OBC students. the Welfare of
SC/ST/OBC/Min.
4. SCA to SCP DSCFDC/DTTE
 
Free supply of stationery to SC/ST/ OBC/Minorities students in schools.

Amount of Assistance

            (a)        VI to VIII  class

                        Rs.45/-  P.M.  for 10 months

            (b)       IX to XII      class

                        Rs.75/- P.M.  for 10 months

Terms and Conditions

(a)      Financial assistance is provided for purchase of stationery to SC/ST/

OBC/Minorities students of 6th or 12th class studying Govt. of

India/GNCT of Delhi/Aided Recognized schools

(b)         Family income should not exceed Rs. 1.00 lakh   P.A.

 
 Period

            Within three months after commencement of academic session.

Reimbursement of tuition fee for SC/ST/OBC/Min. students in public schools

           

            Amount of Assistance / Terms & Conditions

The SC/ST/OBC/Min.  students studying in Ist to Vth will be entitled to get

reimbursement of tution fee and other compulsory fee irrespective of the
percentage of marks.   But in case of students studying in VI to XIIth  class tution
and other compulsory fee will be reimbursed to only those students scoring 50%
& above marks and having attendance not less than 80% in the preceding year.

The reimbursement is 100% to the students whose family income do not exceed
Rs.48000/- per annum.  In case, students whose family income is more than
Rs.48000/- and below Rs.1.00 lakh per annum  75% of the fee will is  reimbursed.

CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEMES

 
1.                  Implementation of the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 and SC/ST
(Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989.

Under this scheme financial assistance is provided to the SC/ST people for their
rehabilitation, who are victims of atrocities by non-scheduled castes people.  The
assistance is given as per the provision of the SC/ST (Prevention of atrocities)
Act and its Rules.

 
 Terms & Conditions

1.                  F.I.R. must have been lodged in police station.

2.                  Atrocity must have been committed by non-SC persons.

Period           

Within three months of receipt of application.

……………….

WELFARE OF WOMEN AND

CHILDREN
1. GENERAL INFORMATION :

1.1 The department of Women and Child Development in Bellary district working for the
welfare, rehabilitation and development of women and children. The children are covered under
integrated child development programme and also provision is made to protect them in
correctional institutions. Various schemes are also in operation for the development of women by
Women Development Corporation The schemes of the department of disabled welfare are also
operated by this department at district level.

1.2 The national policy for children, 1974 is founded on the conviction that child development
programs are necessary to ensure equality of opportunity to these children. So, integrated child
development service was launched on 2nd October 1975, in persuance of the said policy. It is a
powerful out reach programs to help and to achieve major national nutrition and health goals
embodied in the national plan of action for children. It provides increased opportunities for
providing early development, associated with improved enrolment and retention in the early
primary stage and releasing girls from burden of sibling care to reduce the I.M.R.(Infant
Mortality Rate).

2. PROGRAMMES OF THE DEPARTMENT:

2.1 Correctional Institutions

There are four correctional Institutions working in Bellary city out of them three institutions viz.
(1) Juvenile Home ( Senior ) (2) Juvenile Home ( Junior ) and ( 3) Observation Home, are
running under the provisions of Juvenile Justice Act 1986 and another institution viz Stree Seva
Niketana for women is running under the Act suppression of immoral Traffic in women. One
Institution for Deaf and Dumb boys is also running. In all these Institutions Women and Children
are provided, security, basic necessaries of food, shelter, clothing and also they are receiving
education and training in several crafts.

2.2 Integrated Child Development Scheme

In Bellary district, ICDS is covered in 7 taluks with 8 blocks in 7 rural areas and one block in
Bellary urban area. The objectives of the schemes are following :

a) To improve the nutritional and health status of children in a age group of 0-6 years.

b) To lay the foundation for proper psychological, physical and social development of child.

c) To reduce the infant mortality, morability, mal nutrition and school dropouts.

d) To enhance the capability of the mother to look after the normal health and nutrition needs
through nutrition and health education.

2.3 The department provides the following package of services :

i. Providing supplementary nutrition.

ii. Providing immunisation, vitamin A and folic acid.
iii. Providing health checkup.
iv. Providing referral services
v. Providing nutrition and health education through
camps
vi. Pre-school education to children under age group of 0-6 years.
2.3 State Sector Schemes

This department under state sector provide several schemes benefits to rural
women and girls like attendance scholarship for rural girls to encourage them for
higher education, financial assistance to law graduates women for under going
training and job oriented schemes to rural girls and also runs hostel for rural girls
and loan schemes like Vikasini ,Udyogini, Mane Belaku ,etc to women where-in
marketing shed and loan is provided to strengthen women economically.

2.4 Taluka Panchayat schemes implemented through Zilla Panchayat are following :

i. Namma Magalu Namma Shakti – This scheme provides Rs.2500/-

insurance facility to girl child at the age of 5 years and from 6th
 year the girl will get annual dividend on the deposit and at the age
of 18 years she will receive lumpsum of Rs.4,410 is provided she
is un-married. This scheme aims at discouraging early marriages.
ii. Widow and Devadasi Re-marriage scheme in rural areas.
iii. Maintenance of nine destitute cottages wherein food shelter,
clothing bedding, is provided for destitute school going children.
iv. Also runs creches for working mothers in Bellary Urban and Rural
areas.
v. Maintenance grants to Mahila Mandals etc.

2.5 Central Sector Schemes

1.National Maternity Benefit Scheme - This scheme is sponsored by Central

Government and it is implemented by the department at District Level through
ICDS projects. Under this scheme Rs.500-00 is paid in one installment to Women
under pregnancy to meet her delivery expenses. It may also be paid after delivery.
The benefit is admissible for the first two births. 2.Balika Samrudhi Yojana
:Under this scheme Rs.500/will be given to the nursing mother of a girl child
belonging to BPL families .This is limited to 2 female live births.

3. PRESENT STATUS :

Sl No Item Number

1 ICDS Projects 8

2 Anganawadi centres 1372

3 Enrollment 119867

4 Anganawadi Buildings  

 Department Owned **779

 Others
593

** Includes 32 ongoing works

4. PROPOSALS FOR 2001-2002:

Sl Programme and Amount Explanatory Note
No Head of Account
Rs. In lakhs

1 Nutrition program for 154.00 lakhs This Head of Account consists Nutrition
Pre-school children
2236-02-101-0-51
Program for children in 5 projects for
children of 0-6 years. No.of beneficiaries
are 61502 ( single food ) pregnant women,
Nursing mothers adolescent girls,
anganawadi workers and helpers the total
number comes to 11107 ( Double food ).
The expenditure for single food is Rs.1.25
and double food at Rs.2.50 . The budget
allocation of Rs.154.00 lacs along with
Rs.56.00 lakhs provision under SCP and
Rs15.00 lakhs provision under TSP is
expected to be sufficient for feeding
programme as per present attendance level
of beneficiaries and current year allocation.

2 Payment of Additional 61.74 This head consists the additional

Honorarium to honorarium to 1372 Anganawadi workers
Anganawadi workers at Rs. 250/- and to 1372 Helpers at
and Helpers Rs.125/- per month

2235-02-102-0-63

3 Namma Magalu 7.00 The financial assistance ofRs. 2500/- is

Namma Shakthi proposed per girl child to be paid to the
LIC which helps the child at the age of 18.
2235-02-103-0-74 Target fixed for 2001-2002 is 280
beneficiaries.

4 CSS of Integrated 384.18 Under this Head of account budget

child Development allocation includes staff salary. Office
Services 2235-02-102- expenditure and Honorarium of
0-55 Anganawadi workers and helpers of 8
ICDS projects, 4 primary Health centres
( strengthening staff ) and one ICDS cell at
District office. Total sanctioned post of the
district is 147 ( Excluding Anganawadi
workers and Helpers ) Out of that 79 posts
are filled and 68 posts are vacant.

5 Devadasi and widow 2.40 This head of account provides Rs.10000/-

Re-marriages for widow remarriages and Rs.5,000/- for
 devadasi marriages for target of 24
2235-02-103-0-61 beneficiaries.

Total *634.32

*This includes the budget for Nutrition programme of Rs. 154.00 lakh.

4. DISABLED WELFARE:

Women and Child Development Department is implementing the schemes the disabled welfare,
providing tricycle to physically handicapped persons who are above 18 years, scholarships to
handicapped students, mobility sticks and Braille watches to blind persons, hearing aids to deaf
and dumb, training programs like " Hosa Hejje " to disabled persons through NGO in Bellary
district. It also provided loan schemes like Adhara to Physically handicapped to strengthen them
economically.This is a scheme of providing identification cards to PH persons.

5. WOMEN DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION SCHEMES:

Women and Child Development Department also carries out women development
corporation schemes like training programmes and financial assistance to women
through Mahila Mandals, training cum production schemes, loans schemes like
Udyogini, Vikasini, Mane Belaku etc to strengthen women economically.