International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics

Volume 119 No. 18 2018, 2185-2192

ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)
url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/
Special Issue
http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/

STUDY ON FLYASH SOIL STABILIZATION

S. ANDAVAN (1), MOHAMED HASSAAN.M (2)

Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of
Medical and Technical Sciences, India(1)

U.G Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical
and Technical Sciences, India(2)

andavancivil@gmail.com (1), mdhassaanm@gmail.com (2)

ABSTRACT:

Generally Soil is a peculiar material. The Fly Ash use to make the soil to be stable. It can
increase the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Some expecting properties to be
improved are liquidity index, plasticity index, unconfined compressive strength and specific
gravity etc. For any type of structure, the foundation is very important and it has to be strong
to support the entire structure. In order for the strong foundation the soil around it plays a very
critical role. To work on soils, we need to have proper knowledge about their properties and
factors which affect their behavior. these problems are manifested through swelling, shrinkage
and unequal settlement. In The stabilized soil materials have a higher strength, lower
permeability and lower compressibility. The Test were conducted on the soils–Fly Ash
mixtures prepared at optimum water content at 9%.A study is carried out to check the
improvements in the properties of expansive soil with fly ash and lime in varying percentages.
The increase of dry density compromises higher strength. Several methods have been suggested
to control this problem. The most commonly used method is addition of stabilizing agents, such
as fly ash to the expansive soil. One of the most effective and economical method is addition
of stabilizing agents such as lime or fly ash to expansive soil. Expansive soil was stabilized
with various proportion of fly ash i.e. 0%,5%,10%,15%,20% Addition of fly ash to clay reduces
the optimum moisture content but the dry density increases upto fly ash content of 20%,
thereafter, the same decreases with further increases in fly ash content.

INTRODUCTION:

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Soil is one of the most important and primary media for any construction work. The strength
and durability of any structure depends on the strength properties of soil. The soil is collected
from the Saveetha campus Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. The red soil are collected from the
Saveetha Ground. Improving an onsite soil’s engineering properties is called soil stabilization.
The chemical stabilization of the disturbances soils in geotechnical engineering applications
such as pavement structures, roadways, building foundations, channel and reservoir linings,
irrigation systems, water lines, and sewer lines to avoid the damage due to the settlement of the
soft soil or to the swelling action of the expansive soils. Geo technical properties of problematic
soils such as expansive soils are improved by various methods. The problematic soil is removed
and replaced by a good quality material or treated using mechanical and/or chemical
stabilization.To reduce the pavement thickness as well as cost. The following geotechnical
design criteria have to be considered during site selection. Design load and function of the
structure.The Type of foundation to be used. Bearing capacity of subsoil. Stabilization can be
used to treat a wide range of sub-grade materials from expansive clays to granular materials.
Expansive soils are known as shrink swell or swelling soils. Different clays have different
susceptibility to swelling. Such soils expand when they are wetted and shrink when dried. Soil
stabilization improves the engineering properties of soil such as strength, volume stability and
durability. The shear strength and bearing capacity of this soil are very low, while the
compressibility is very high. Expansive soils are highly problematic because of the
susceptibility of these soils to undergo large changes in volume due to fluctuations in the
moisture content. The term expansive soil applies to soils that have the tendency to swell when
their moisture content is increased. Chemical stabilization of soft soils involves blending a
binder into the soil to increase its strength and stiffness through chemical reactions. Expansive
soils are clays that have the tendency to swell and soften when their moisture content is
increased, or shrink and dry-cracked when their moisture content is decreased. The swelling
and shrinkage characteristic of expansive soil depend upon the percentage of moisture content
in it. So the expansive soil undergoes volumetric changes due to the variation of water content
in it. The expansive soil losses its chemical strength during the expansion condition. In the
Chemical stabilization it has a economy, environmental friendly and efficient method for
mainly soil treatment. In soil stabilization with fly ash, additives combined by specific moisture
content, then apply for improving the soil properties in engineering projects. Incase utilized
various methods to improve soil strength etc. The process of soil stabilization helps to achieve

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the required properties in a soil needed for the pavement construction work. Strength can be
increased by adding additive materials to the sub grade in different proportions.

SOIL STABILIZATION:

In the Soil stabilization process, soil properties are improves the engineering performance of
the soils. The properties are mostly density, water content, plasticity and strength. Changes in
the soil properties is the temporary enhancement of sub grade stability.
Stabilization can be used to treat a wide range of sub-grade materials from expansive clays to
granular materials. The main advantages of soil stabilization process have higher resistance,
reduces in plasticity, lower permeability, and reduction of pavement thickness. Stabilization of
expansive soils its controls the potential of the soils for changes in volume, and improves the
strength. In the field of geotechnical engineering. Expansive soils are known as shrink swell or
swelling soils.
COMPACTION OF SOIL FLY ASH MIXTURES
The density of soil with coal ashes are important parameter, since it controls the strength,
Compressibility and permeability. Generally the compacted weight of the material is based on
the amount and the method of energy application, grain size distribution and moisture content
at the compaction. The variation of dry density with moisture content is less compared and also
both having the same grain size. In the fly ash are to be less sensitive to variation in moisture
content than the soil is due to higher air void content of fly ash.
PROPERTIES OF FLYASH
The Fly ash is a good material for a wide range of applications ie. Manufacture of cement,
manufacture of bricks, blocks, tiles, etc. It is highly useful as a geo-technical material for
construction of embankment and reclamation of low lying areas, filling of underground, open
mines, use in agriculture and reclamation of degraded / waste lands, etc.
The pozzolanic property coupled with lime reactivity makes it very suitable for cementitious /
binding applications. Its geo-technical property makes it a good substitute of soil and the
presence of required percentage of silica, alumina and iron oxide etc. makes it suitable for
sintered applications. The suitability of flyash for various applications is very safe due to very
low levels of heavy metals, toxic elements and radio nuclides in flyash as well as its physical
and chemical properties being very close to the range of common soils.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLYASH:

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Fly ash is a fine-grained material consisting mostly of spherical particles. Some ashes also
contain irregular of angular particles. The size of particles varies depending on the sources.
Some ashes may be finer or coarser than Portland cement particles.Some of these particles
appear to be solid, whereas some larger particles appear to be portions of thin, hollow spheres
containing many smaller particles.

FLYASH COMPOSITION:

Mainly the flyash composition, the effect of the fly ash content on the swelling pressure,
compaction, strength, and hydraulic conductivity characteristics of expansive soil.
The components of fly ash vary considerably, but all fly ash includes silicon dioxide (SiO2),
aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and calcium oxide (CaO), the main mineral compounds in coal-
bearing rock strata.

COMPONENTS OF STABILIZATION:

To improve the geotechnical properties such as compressibility, strength, permeability and

durability ,soil stabilization involves the use of stabilizing agent in weak soils. Soil, minerals
and stabilizing agent are included in the components of stabilization technology. The alteration
of soils to enhance their physical properties is soil stabilization. Soil Stabilization can control
the shrink-swell and as well as increase the shear strength of a soil, thus improving the load
bearing capacity of a sub-grade to the foundations. Stabilization can be treated as a wide range
in sub-grade materials, from expansive clays to granular materials.
BENEFITS OF SOIL STABILIZATION:
Benefits of Soil Stabilization process can include:
• Higher resistance (R) values
• Reduction in plasticity
• Lower permeability
• Reduction of pavement thickness
• Aids compaction

SOIL STABILIZATION PROCESS:

An important component of any stabilization project is proper design and testing. This project
testing will create proper design criteria by determining the proper additive and admixture rate
that are to be used to achieve the desired engineering properties. In Soil Stabilization work,

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having a Geotechnical Engineer is one of the most important components of a successful

project.

SOIL STABILIZATION TO IMPROVE SOIL STRENGTH:

In the fly ash there are some used in the application of soil stabilization to improve the
compressive and shearing strength of soils. To improve the soil stabilization we added the
flyash based on the ratio 0%,5%,10%,15%,&20%. In the red soil we added the flyash to bring
the stability and as well as strength in the soil. This may can improve the soil strength by adding
the flyash.

PROPERTIES OF SOIL FOR AADITION OF FLYASH

Table 1: Data Obtained from Experimental Conducted

Average
Maximum Unconfined
Flyash Liquid Plastic Optimum Specific
S.NO Dry Compressive
Added(%) Limit(%) Limit(%) Moisture Gravity
Density Test(kg/cm^2)
Content(%)
1. 0 21.42% 20.65% 1.81 7% 2.73% 0.395
2. 5 15.38% 17.29% 1.73 7% 2.47% 0.418
3. 10 21.8% 12.46% 1.63 7% 2.03% 0.452
4. 15 24.3% 11.32% 1.59 7% 2.21% 0.905
5. 20 31.2% 11.20% 1.60 7% 2.21% 0.498

CONCLUSION:
It is conclude that, the test has been conducted in the red soil. The soil stabilization using fly
ash is a very effective process for strengthening of soil. When fly ash are mixed together with
the expansive soil then the liquid limit is first decreased for addition of fly ash 5% with the
soil, later adding 10% of fly ash then gradually increases the value in the liquid limit. The
plastic limit is decreased for addition of fly ash in the ratio of 5% with the soil. By the standard
proctor compaction test the maximum dry density value is rapidly decreased with the addition
of fly ash 5% & 10% and later slowly decreases with the soil. Whereas in the standard proctor
compaction test the optimum content is 7% with the addition of fly ash. In the specific gravity
is first decreased for addition of fly ash in the ratio of 5% and later it has been increases with

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the addition of fly ash 15%. By the unconfined compression test, the unconfined compressive
stress value is gradually increased by addition of fly ash in the ratio of 5%. Thus the addition
of fly ash with the soil improves all the Engineering properties of the soil.
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