Cotton/Wheat Production Update

Western/Eastern Region Row Crop Inservice

4 Dec 2015
Tyson B. Raper, PhD
Assistant Professor, Cotton and Small Grains Specialist
University of Tennessee- Dept. of Plant Sciences
Outline
• Wheat
– Palisade summary
– N rate, NBPT summary
• Cotton
– Fertility
• Sulfur
– Variety Trial Results
• Large Replicated Trials
• Official Variety Trials
 Cotton and Small Grains Specialist
Corn and Soybean Specialist
Crockett County Director of Extension
University of Tennessee
Introduction
2014 and 2015 Large Plot Trials
2014 Results
• UT Extension Crockett County Palisade EC Trial
– Results
• All wheat (regardless of treatment) stood well through
the season and no lodging was observed in the plots
• Due to noticeable water damage, one treatment has
been omitted.
2015 Results
• The addition of Palisade decreased plant height at maturity
(significant at p<0.05)
• The addition of Palisade allowed higher yields to be realized at
higher N rates (weak, p=0.0870)
• If we interpret these trends as significant, we should additionally
consider that even with the application of Palisade, an increase in
60 lb N/acre from 110 to 170 lb N/acre only increased yield by 5
bushels/acre.
Wheat Take Home

• Palisade increased yields at high N rates

• At lower N rates (near 110 lb N/acre), the application of Palisade did

not appear to substantially increase yield
• Other potential application benefits were not collected in these
trials.
• consistency of bean stands
• planting efficiency
• yields of double cropped beans

• This limited dataset supports the current UT maximum N rate

recommendation of 120 lb total N/acre for wheat.
Cotton and Small Grains Specialist
University of Tennessee
Introduction
• Urea a common source of N fertilizer in TN
– Low-cost, easy to apply
– Susceptible to ammonia volatilization
• After urea is applied to soil, it is hydrolyzed by the urease enzyme
and eventually converted to ammonia gas, lost to atmosphere
• Ammonia volatilization is a function of wind speed, soil moisture,
humidity, soil pH and temperature
• Loss can exceed 25% in 5 days at temperatures between 75-80°F
• NBPT
– (N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide)
• Inhibits urease activity
• Lengthens window for potential incorporation (mechanical or by
water)

Read more:
Roberts et al., FSA 2169 https://www.uaex.edu/publications/PDF/FSA-2169.pdf
Introduction

Read more:
Roberts et al., FSA 2169 https://www.uaex.edu/publications/PDF/FSA-2169.pdf
 Objective
Examine the response of winter wheat to:
1. a range of fertilizer N rates
2. spring fertilizer N timing (split)
3. the addition of NBPT
Materials and Methods
Materials and Methods
• Locations
– West Tennessee Research and Education Center, Jackson, TN
– Milan Research and Education Center, Milan, TN
• Design
– Randomized complete block
– 4 replications
– Plot size- 10’ x 30’
• Treatments
– Timing
• Greenup, jointing
– Rate
• Dependent upon initial application by farm, but range from 0-150 lb
N/ac
– NBPT
Results
WTREC Results
2015 WTREC Precipitation Data
3.0

2.5
Precipitation, inches

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0
02-Feb-15 16-Feb-15 02-Mar-15 16-Mar-15 30-Mar-15 13-Apr-15 27-Apr-15

Date, DD/MMM/YY
WTREC Results
2015 Yield Response to N Rate
MREC Results

2015 MREC Precipitation Data

3.0

2.5
Precipitation, inches

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0
02-Feb-15 16-Feb-15 02-Mar-15 16-Mar-15 30-Mar-15 13-Apr-15 27-Apr-15

Date, DD/MMM/YY
MREC Results
2015 Yield Response to N Rate

N Rate significant
• p<0.0001 N Rate significant
NBPT significant • p<0.0001
• P-=0.0041 NBPT not significant
• P-=0.0641
Wheat Take Home

• Low potential to increase nitrogen use

efficiency with NBPT IF rapid incorporation
follows application

• A more timely split must be evaluated

Publications
Cotton Update
Sulfur Deficiencies in Cotton
• Becoming more common
– Reduction in sulfur emissions from diesel,
manufacturing plants
• Different from N in that symptoms appear
in the new growth
– Very immobile within the plant
– Unfortunately very mobile within soil
• 2015- Severe deficiency symptoms noted
prior first bloom
– Data currently being analyzed
– Previous data, studies from other states
recommend 10-30 lb S as ammonium sulfate
prevents deficiency
2015 TN Cotton Variety Test Program
2015 TN Cotton Variety Test Program

• Official Variety Trials • Large Plot Replicated Trials

– 1 plot= 2 rows, 30’ length – 1 plot- target 1 acre
– 5 locations in 2015 – 4 locations in 2015
– 36 entries • Crockett County
– 24 acres
• County Standard Trials • Fayette County
– 1 plot= 6-12 rows, 350-1600’ – 26 acres
length • Gibson County
– 14 locations in 2015 – 36 acres
– 14 entries • Madison County
– 56 acres
– 8 entries
2015 CI Replicated Variety Tests
2015 CI Replicated Variety Tests

PRELIMINARY
Lint,
Variety lb/ac
PHY 444 WRF A 1307
Location Mean DP 1518 B2XF B 1212
Madison A 1332
Gibson B 1173 PHY 312 WRF B C 1199
Fayette B C 1128 DP 1522 B2XF B C D 1196
Crockett C 1109 DG 3385 B2XF B C D 1189
PHY 333 WRF C D E 1139
ST 4946 GLB2 D E 1128
ST 5115 GLT E 1119
2015 CI Replicated Variety Tests

Net Loan
Price
Variety Color Mike Length Strength Uniformity (cents/lb)
PHY 444 WRF 31 3.7 1.29 33.4 84.7 57.1
DP 1518 B2XF 31 3.9 1.21 31.5 83 57
PHY 312 WRF 31 4.2 1.22 33.2 84.4 57.25
DP 1522 B2XF 31 4.6 1.2 32.7 84.4 57.05
DG 3385 B2XF 31 4.6 1.19 31.2 84.4 57.05
PHY 333 WRF 41 4.1 1.23 33.3 83.9 55.4
ST 4946 GLB2 41 4.6 1.2 33.8 84.4 55.35
ST 5115 GLT 31 4.1 1.2 32.9 82.9 57
2015 Official Variety Trials
2015 Official Variety Trials

PRELIMINARY
---------SEEDCOTTON----------
2015 County Standard Trials
Technology for 2016
• Dow • Monsanto
– Enlist Cotton – XtendFlex Cotton
• Varieties available in 2015: • Varieties available in 2015:
» Very limited supply – DP 1518 B2XF
» Similar to PHY 499 WRF – DP 1522 B2XF
• Priced similar to XtendFlex – DG 3385 B2XF
– Enlist Herbicides – NG 3405 B2XF
– NG 3406 B2XF
• 2,4-D choline, glyphosate,
glufosinate – Experimentals?
» 14R913B2XF
• Enlist Duo priced $10-13
• Price expected to be close to
$5 per acre
• Bayer????? – XtendFlex Herbicides
• Dicamba, glyphosate,
glufosinate
Technology for 2016
• Dow
– Enlist Duo
• EPA approved in
several states and
revoked
• Spring Creek
bladderpod
• Monsanto
– Xtendimax
– Roundup Xtend
• Pending EPA
approval
Technology for 2016
Take Home
• Varieties
– Solid, adaptable performers available
– Greater yield potential, fiber quality than ever before
– Good candidates available across multiple platforms

• 2015 Yields? Record-setting . . .

– Cotton Inc report (1 Dec 2015) that 277,463 bales classed
from TN
• Estimating 135,000 ac harvested. . . 986 lb lint/ac state average
UTIA Resources
UTIA Resources
UTIA Resources
UTIA Resources
UTcrops.com

TN Variety Trial Results

news.UTcrops.com

2015 TN Cotton Quick Facts