# of e- e- domain # of # of non- Molecular Ideal Bond General Example

domains geometry bonding bonding geometry Angles formula

domains domains
2 Linear 2 0 Linear 180° AX2 CO2
3 Trigonal 3 0 Trigonal 120° AX3 CO32-
Planar Planar
2 1 Bent 120° AX2E NO2-
4 Tetrahedral 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5° AX4 CH4
3 1 Trigonal 109.5° AX3E NH3
Pyramidal
2 2 Bent 109.5° AX2E2 H2O
5 Trigonal 5 0 Trigonal 120°, 90° AX5 SbF5
Bipyrimidal Bipyramidal
4 1 See-saw 120°, 90° AX4E SF4
3 2 T-shaped 90° AX3E2 ClF3
2 3 Linear 180° AX2E3 XeF2
6 Octahedral 6 0 Octahedral 90° AX6 SF6
5 1 Square 90° AX5E IF5
Pyramidal
4 2 Square Planar 90° AX4E2 XeF4

Bond Angle Adjustments: Lone pairs repel other e- domains more than bonds do ( ≈ 2.5° per L.P. )

Example:
CH4 vs. NH3 vs. H2O
∠HCH = 109.5° ∠HNH = 107° ∠ HOH = 104.5°

Polarity Trends: A molecule will be non-polar if all dipoles cancel out, otherwise, it will be polar.

• Formula: AXnE0 with all the X's the same → Non-Polar Molecule
• Formula: AXnE0 with not all A-X bonds identically polar → Polar Molecule
• Formula: AXnEn≥1 → Usually Polar
◦ Exception : XeF4

Hypervalent Repulsion Energy:

LonePair-LonePair > LonePair-BondingPair > BondingPair-BondingPair