Annexure 2_a (iii)

Static Phase Converter

By:
Muhammad Nabeel Mehmood (G.L)
1559-2020
Muhammad Sameer Khan
1570-2020
Hamid Raza
2331-2020
Muhammad Ahtasham
2323-2020
Muhammad Asif Siddiqui
2338-2020
Adil Aslam
2321-2020
Syed Hasnain Haider Zaidi
1571-2020
Sohail Ashraf
2335-2020

Electrical Machines I
Lab Title

Engr. Muhammad Imran Khan

Lab Instructor Name
 Faculty of Engineering Sciences and
Technology
Hamdard Institute of Engineering and
Technology
Hamdard University, Main Campus, Karachi.

CERTIFICATE
This project “Static Phase Converter “presented by students under the direction of Lab
Instructor and Theory Teacher has been presented for partial fulfillment of the
requirements as a Semester Project for Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical).

M.Nabeel Mehmood ____________________________

1559-2020 Lab Instructor Name & Signature

Muhammad Sameer Khan

1570-2020

Hamid Raza ______________________________

2331-2020 Theory Teacher Name & Signature

Muhammad Ahtisham
2323-2020

Muhammad Asif Siddiqui

2338-2020

Adil Aslam
2320-2020

Syed Hasnain Haider Zaidi

1571-2020

Sohail Ashraf
2335-2020

ii
 ABSTRACT

A phase converter is a device that converts electric power provided as single phase
to multiple phase or vice-versa. The majority of phase converters are used to produce three
phase electric power from a single-phase source, thus allowing the operation of three-phase
equipment at a site that only has single-phase electrical service. Phase converters are used
where three-phase service is not available from the utility, or is too costly to install due to a
remote location. A utility will generally charge a higher fee for a three-phase service
because of the extra equipment for transformers and metering and the extra transmission
wire. Phase converters provide 3-phase power from a 1-phase source, and have been used
for decades.
The simplest type of old technology phase converter is generically called a static
phase converter. This device typically consists of one or more capacitors and a relay to
switch between the two capacitors once the motor has come up to speed. These units are
comparatively inexpensive. They make use of the idea that a 3-phase motor can be started
using a capacitor in series with the third terminal of the motor

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

All praises and thanks to Almighty ”ALLAH”, the most merciful, the most gracious, the
source of knowledge and wisdom endowed to mankind, who conferred us with the power
of mind and capability to take this project to the exciting ocean of knowledge. All
respects are for our most beloved Holy Prophet “Hazrat MUHAMMAD (Peace Be
Upon Him)”, whose personality will always be source of guidance for humanity.

Acknowledgement is due to Hamdard Institute of Engineering and Technology for

support of this Project, a highly appreciated achievement for us in the undergraduate
level.

We wish to express our appreciation to our Lab Instructor, Engr. Muhammad

Imran Khan who served as our major advisor. We would like to express our heartiest
gratitude for their keen guidance, sincere help and friendly manner which inspires us to
do well in the project and makes it a reality.

Many people, especially our classmates and team members itself, have made valuable
comment suggestions on this proposal which gave us an inspiration to improve our
project. We thank Rizwan Ahmed & all the people for their help directly and indirectly to
complete our project.

iv
 Table of Contents
Abstract Iii
Acknowledgements Iv

1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Theoretical Background 1
1.2 Problem Statement 2
1.3 Problem Analysis 2

2. METHODOLOGY 2
2.1 Working Principle 2
2.2 Components Used 3
2.2.1 Power Socket
2.2.2 Circuit Breaker
2.2.3 Magnetic Contactor
2.2.4 Time Delay Relay
2.2.5 Capacitor
2.2.6 Electric Over Current Relay

2.3 Circuit Diagram 4

2.4 Application 5

3. RESULT 5

4. CONCLUSIONS & FUTURE WORKS 5

5. REFERENCES 5

v
CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
1.1 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Three phase power is a common form of electrical power supply for larger
electrical installations. The three phase power is usually installed in commercial and
industrial buildings but not installed in small and domestic buildings. The electrical
equipment that consume larger amounts of current such as air conditioners, heaters,
motors, pumps, farming equipment and heavy machinery require a three phase power
supply. Nowadays, the industrial machine that operates in three phase power is often
available on market at very attractive prices for small entrepreneurs. The greatest
obstacle for these potential buyers to purchase the machines for their industrial used is
the unavailability of a three phase power at their premises or workshops. Local power
utilities do not install three phase power because it desperately needs a higher cost than
single phase installation. A utility will generally charge a higher fee for a three phase
service because of the extra equipment for transformer, metering and the extra
transmission wire. There is certain circumstance that due to location factors, the local
power utilities will not entertain any suggestion for additional lines to their unserved
location especially in rural areas.
A single phase to three phase power converter is a device that produces three phase
electrical power from a single phase source, thus allowing the operation of three phase
equipment at a site that only has single phase electrical supply. Such converters have a
wide range of applications in which a three phase motor is a main loads and the
available supply is single phase. There are several methods exist to run three phase
motors from a single phase supply. It can be classified into three categories which are
static phase conversion, rotary phase conversion and digital phase conversion. Static
conversion technique uses passive component which is capacitor. It requires a start
capacitor to start a three phase motor on single phase power and run capacitors to
energize the winding of the motor. The start capacitor will be disconnected once the
motor reach full RPM. The motor continues to run on the two single phase lines of
power. Two-thirds of the motor windings are being energized, producing approximately
two-thirds of the motors power.
1|Page
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
In Some Scenarios where 3 Phase Power is not Available to Operate 3 Phase Power
Motors we have to utilize single phase power to Operate 3 Phase Motor
Here is a Solution “Phase Converting Device”. We have some different types of Phase
Converters and the selection is depending upon the use or load.
Types of Phase Converter:
1. Static Phase Converter
2. Rotary Phase Converter
3. VFD (Variable Frequency Drive)

1.3 PROBLEM ANALYSIS:

1.3.1 STATIC PHASE CONVERTER:

A static phase converter is a device which supplies poly phase power to a load
from a single-phase power source using only passive circuit elements. Ideally such a device
should produce balanced poly phase voltages at the load.
Static phase converters can help you in a great way to meet your power needs.
Regardless if it is for residential or commercial purpose, it is best to explore all options to
see if static phase converters work for you. So, how does a static phase converter work?

METHODOLOGY

2.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE

The Static Converter is made up of two small components: A voltage sensitive relay
and a standard capacitor (Cs) connected to your motor application. The capacitor delays
waveforms (or shifts the phase) during the start-up of your motor application. The relay
disconnects this start capacitor after the motor has started. From this point, the motor will
continue turning on the single phase supply. The performance of such a motor is fairly poor
and can be compared to a car motor running on only a few cylinders. Motors operated on a
static converter will produce about 50-60% of their name plate power. When you add
another low cost run capacitor to the simple design, rated power goes up to around 70% of
the motors name plate power. To help with understanding, the Start Capacitor (Cs) is used
2|Page
only to start the motor and then it is switched out completely. The Run Capacitor (Cr) is
always in the circuit and is carefully sized to balance the voltages at one load rating
(generally around 50% full load).

2.2 COMPONENTS USED

o Power Source ---1 no

o Circuit Breakers --- 1 no
o Magnetic Contactors --- 2 no
o Time Delay Relay --- 1 no
o Capacitors --- 3 no
o EOCR --- 1 no
o Phase Indicator Lights --- 2 no
o Penal Box --- 1 no
o Connectors
o Connecting Wires

2.2.1 POWER SOURCE

A source of electrical energy. Electric power system, a network of
electrical components used to supply, transmit and use electric power.

2.2.2 CIRCUIT BREAKER

A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect
an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current from an overload or
short circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after a fault is detected.

2.2.3 MAGNETIC CONTACTOR

A contactor is an electrical device which is used for switching an electrical circuit
on or off. It is considered to be a special type of relay.

3|Page
2.2.4 TIME DELAY RELAY
A Timer Relay is a combination of an electromechanical output relay and a control
circuit. ... Time delay relays are initiated or triggered by one of two methods:
Application of input voltage/auxiliary supply will either initiate the unit or make it
ready to initiate when a trigger signal is applied.

2.2.5 CAPACITOR
A capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field. It is a
passive electronic component with two terminals.

2.2.6 ELECTRONIC OVER CURRET RELAY

The overcurrent relay is defined as the relay, which operates only when the value of
the current is greater than the relay setting time. It protects the equipment of the
power system from the fault current.

2.3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

4|Page
2.4 APPLICATION
Whenever we use three phase induction motor and we don’t have three phase
power supply we need the phase converter. There were some types of Converters. The
selection of Phase Converter is depending upon the application or Load (Light, Medium
and Heavy).
The Device (Phase Converter) is used in commercial, residential as well as Industrial
applications. The food service Factory, Agricultural Application, Metal and Wood
Working applications and Auto Shop Machinery etc.

RESULT
Static and rotary phase converter have made possible the satisfactory operation of
many three-phase motors from single-phase power lines on farms. Usually, the cost for a
phase converter system is lower than the cost of extending three-phase power to the farm.
By no means, however, should phase converters be considered a replacement for
commercial three-phase power.

CONCLUSIONS & FUTURE WORKS:

So, how does a static phase converter work? Static phase converters help start a
three-phase motor even if their power source comes from a single-phase converter.
Remember there are two different types of static phase converters: Standard Heavy Duty,
and High Low Double Horsepower. Both are long lasting and durable options to choose
from.

REFERENCES
https://www.northamericaphaseconverters.com/how-static-phase-converter-works/
https://phoenixphaseconverters.com/how-does-a-static-phase-converter-work.php

5|Page
PROJECT PICTURE

6|Page