Name of Learner: ____________________________Grade Level: _______________

School:_____________________________________Date: ____________________
Learning Activity Sheet in Science 9
I. Learning Competency with Code:
Explain how volcanoes erupt (S9ES-IIIa-25)

II. Background Information for Learners

Process of Volcanic Eruption
Magma inside the volcano has a high temperature. As the magma is continuously heated, it goes up.
As it rises, gas bubbles are developed. The gas bubbles are trapped and expand causing the molten
material to swell also, resulting in a gradual increase in pressure within the volcano. When the
pressure exceeds the strength of the overlying rock, fracturing occurs. The resulting breaks lead to a
further drop in confining pressure, which in turn causes even more gas bubbles to form. Magma is
ejected out as lava.

Types of Volcanic Eruptions

Each volcano erupts differently. Multiple types of eruptions can occur at each volcano - the eruption
type can vary minute to minute. The style of eruption depends on a number of factors, including the
magma chemistry and content, temperature, viscosity (how runny the magma is), volume, and how
much water and gas is in it, the presence of groundwater, and the plumbing of the volcano.
Volcanoes are described according to the style of the eruption as follows:
a. Phreatic or hydrothermal- An eruption driven by the heat from magma interacting with water.
The water can be from groundwater, hydrothermal systems, surface runoff, a lake, or the sea.
Phreatic eruptions pulverize surrounding rocks and can produce ash, but do not include new magma.
b. Phreatomagmatic- An eruption resulting from the interaction of new magma or lava with water
and can be very explosive. The water can be from groundwater, hydrothermal systems, surface
runoff, a lake, or the sea.

c. Strombolian and Hawaiian- These are the least violent types of explosive eruptions. Hawaiian
eruptions have fire fountains and lava flows, whereas Strombolian eruptions have explosions causing
a shower of lava fragments.
d. Vulcanian- are small to moderate explosive eruptions, lasting seconds to minutes. Ash columns
can be up to 20 km in height, and lava blocks and bombs may be ejected from the vent.

e. Plinian-The most explosive and largest type of volcanic eruptions. Eruptions with a high rate of
magma discharge sustained for minutes to hours. They form a tall, convective eruption column of a
mixture of gas and rock particles and can cause wide dispersion of ash. Plinian eruptions have 20 to
35 km tall columns which may collapse to form pyroclastic density currents (PDC’s).
III. Activities:
Acitivity 1:
Directions: Answer the given questions below. Complete the flow chart showing the arrangement of
the following events leading to a volcanic eruption. Write them on the boxes provided.
• Heated magma goes up.
• Enhanced formation of bubbles.
• Magma is ejected out as lava.
• Magma is continuously heated below the earth’s surface
• As magma rises, gas bubbles are developed pressure inside the volcano increases due to
trapped bubbles within it.
• When pressure exceeds the strength of overlying rocks, fracturing occurs resulting in a
further drop in pressure.
 Source:https://www.slideshare.net/MALLIKARJUNAREDDYKAS/endogenous-disasters-volcanoes-127740072

Activity 2.
Direction. Arrange the following jumbled letters to form a word. Write your answer on the space
provided.

1. ____________________– is a stream-driven eruption as the hot rocks come in contact with water.
It is short-lived, characterized by ash columns but may be an onset for of a larger eruption.
(H E C T A I P R)
2. _____________________-– is a violent eruption due to the contact between water and magma.
As a result, a large column of very fine ash and high-speed and sideway emission of pyroclastic called
base surges are observed. (M M A A A T T I C H E P R O G)
3. __________________– a periodic weak to violent eruption characterized by fountain of lava just
like the Irazu Volcano in Costa Rica.
(N R O O L I T S A M B)
4. ______________– characterized by tall eruption columns that reach up to 20 km high with
pyroclastic flow and ashfall tephra like that of Paricutin Volcano in Mexico. (N N A I L C A V U)

5. _______________– excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and pyroclastics, just like our
Pinatubo Volcano in Zambales. (N N I I A P L)

IV. Reflection:
In this lesson I have learned that
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V. References for Learners:
A. Books
Madriaga, et. al. 2017. Science Links 8 Revised Edition. Manila. Rex Book
Store,Inc.

B. Online and Electronic Sources

https://www.gns.cri.nz/Home/Learning/Science-Topics/Volcanoes/Types-of-Volcanoes-
. https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/photoglossary/vulcanian-eruption.html
Volcano Image.
https://www.slideshare.net/MALLIKARJUNAREDDYKAS/endogenous-disasters-volcanoes-127740072
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Taal_Volcano_eruption
New Zealand volcano is on the Pacific Ring of Fire. Accessed as of September 6, 2020.
https://earthsky.org/earth/what-is-the-ring-of-fire
VI. Answer Key:

Activity 1.

• Magma is continuously heated below the earth’s surface

• Heated magma goes up.
• As magma rises, gas bubbles are developed pressure inside the
volcano increases due to trapped bubbles within it.
• When pressure exceeds the strength of overlying rocks, fracturing
occurs resulting to the further drop in pressure.
• Enhanced formation of bubbles.
• Magma is ejected out as lava.
Activity 2.
1.PHREATIC
2.PHREATOMAGMATIC
3.STROMBOLIAN
4.VULCANIAN
5.PLINIAN

Prepared by: Checked by: Noted

JONNABELLE ROSE T. LINAS CHERIE P. ESCAÑAN - GUDACA ROMEL C. MADERA
Writer Teacher II Principal I

Date Submitted: