Indian Literature

- Some of the oldest works are composed to be sang or recited

before it being written down
- The composed literature are all about questions in life, death,
nature, science specifically about astronomy and cosmology.
- Most literary forms and works in Indian Literature incorporate
philosophical and religious concepts.
- None of the composed songs or recitals are modified because they
believe that the meaning or the message that is trying to say will
change or the tune itself.
- Passed down orally for all of the people to be well
informed(advantage for those who does not know how to read)

- The heritage and history of India are all written in their literature
- Before the most commonly used material to write down the text
are palm leaves, they would engrave the text there with a sharp
object. They would use any hard object to act as a cover to the
stack of piled palm leaves.
Developed in the medieval era, Kannada and Telugu Literature, and is
further developed, Marathi, Bengali, and Urdu Literature. Amongst the
Indian Literature Bengali is the most recognized for it won/receives a
Nobel Prize for literary genius.
Sanskrit Literature (Shruti) (what is heard)
- This works are viewed as an extension of Hindu writings. (dito
papasok ung In around 16th Century, the first Indian literature is
created in Vedas)
- First ever Indian literature produced in Vedas(based on Hinduism;
meaning knowledge) created between 1500 to 500 BC
- Has no written script for it is purely orally recited
● Rig Veda (“knowledge of the verses”)
- There are group of people called rig Vedas. They are the ones who
first sung and recited for hundreds of years before it is written
down
- oldest sacred texts of Hindu
- hymns in praise of the gods(pangsamba) or hymns about their
mythology
- May ritual na kasama
- It also contains about birth rituals, marriage rituals, and funerary
rituals
● Yajur Veda (“knowledge of the sacrifice”)
- This are mantras and verses that is used for the worship and rituals
● Sama Veda (“knowledge of the melodies”)
- This are melodies and chants about their religious rituals
● Atharva Veda (“knowledge of the fire priest”)
- Magical religious concerns
- Spells, prayers, hymns and charms either for healing, prosperity,
long life, love charms, and even curses.

Example; Peniel by Panini (the book contains 3959 linguistic rules)

Smriti Literature (recollection)
- This focus on the knowledge that had been acquired through the
experience
 - If we have the bible, the values education as guide for ethics,
morals, and etc. In India they have the Smriti Literature, guidelines
for their ethics, morals, obligations, social codes, customs, and etc.
Example; Mahabharta by Vyasa and Rayamana by Valmiki

Telugu Literature AND Kannada Literature

- In Telugu these are composed of novels, short stories, epics,
poems, scripts. Majority of those compositions are translated
works in Sanskrit or any Indian literature present there.
- Mainly focus on translating work in another dialect which is
Telugu
- Like any other it has its own forms like, fictional, non-fictional,
mixed stories, prose poetry and etc.

- In Kannada focuses on self-attainment and devotion

- Medicine, Math, Science, Architecture, Astrology and religion
Examples; Kavirajamarga of king Nripatunga (9th century A.D.)
believed to be one of the earliest works of Kannada Literature
Knowing that there are many dialects used in the Indian literature and
they are more on oral practices it is to say that memorization are one of
the essential things in the literature.

Reference
https://www.indiaonline.in/about/culture/indian-literature
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vhdlksFgGkk
https://www.indyatour.com/india/culture/indian-literature.php
https://everything.explained.today/Telugu_literature/