Chapter 1 To 3

Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES

Nabua, Camarines Sur
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management
The Impact of Computer Literacy on Academic Performance in the

Bachelor of Science Hospitality Management Students´ of Camarines Sur
Polytechnic Colleges
An Undergrad Thesis
Presented to
The Faculty of Instruction
Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
VERONICA S. MACALALAD
JUSTINE B. MAISO
MARISOL D. MENDOZA
JUVY L. SALUNA
JULY 2021

Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Computers now play a significant role in education, particularly in
developing nations such as the Philippines. Computer literacy helps to improve
workplace efficiency, workflow, and overall experience. Students are able to
generate more in less time, freeing up resources to do more.
CMO NO. 05 SERIES of 1998, equip students with specific skills for entry
into the information technology profession; and prepare the students for eventual
entry into the regular degree’s programs of the Bachelor of Science in Computer
Science, Information Technology, Information Management.
According to Oklahoma State University, 75 percent of students said the
use of gadgets enhanced their learning experience. Being computer literate allows
a learner to flourish in a quickly changing technological environment.
Computer literacy, according to Reynolds (2007), entails understanding the
capabilities of hardware and software, as well as how computers and the internet
may improve students' educational experiences.
Computers are the most outstanding ones of the technological devices
which become part of daily routines. To be able to make use of such a facility,

recognizing the potential role of computers being technologically literate
are essential (Güçlü, 2010).
The term “computer literacy” is often used as a basis of making decisions
regarding a student’s ability to perform specific tasks on a personal computer
(Lahore, 2008)
Today, students have at least some form of technology available to them in
school (Roblyer, Castine, & King, 1993; Croxall & Cummings, 2000) Computer
literacy has become a necessity in all levels of education. According to Furst-Bowe
and Boger (1996), in order to be successful in academic programs and careers, it
is essential that students possess improved computer skills. Many faculties expect
students to know how they should use a word processor to create and format
papers, make use of software for classroom presentations and speeches, use
spreadsheet software to prepare charts and graphs, navigate the internet for
research, and have the ability to learn and participate in online classrooms using
various software (Lahore, 2008).
On the other hand, many students do not have the knowledge, memory,
learning, intelligence, or expertise to assess what they do and do not know and
what they need to learn to succeed in a particular course. Because they essentially
“don’t know what the


don’t know,” they are unable to recognize their exact level of competence
(Kennedy, Lawton & Plumlee, 2002).
According to Simonson, Maurer-Torardi & Whitaker (1987), computer
literacy is important, because it transforms the computer’s capability into proficient
and productive activities. Computer literate individuals open up more job
opportunities since 4 almost all workplaces use computers and employers are
likely to favor people that are computer literate over those with no computer skills.
Computer literacy enhances professionalism and learnings. Therefore,
computer literacy is not just a talent that students must have in the classroom.
Information literacy, particularly effective use of IT-based services and
collaborative learning at all levels of the educational system, plays a significant role
in the knowledge-based society. Information literacy is a valuable skill that may be
applied to every element of one's life.
In the digital age, practically all research and study information are
accessible via the internet and other technical devices. Instead of relying on the
teacher to answer questions or solve issues, information literacy abilities would
lead to self-directed and student-centered learning. Individuals that are competent
about swiftly and successfully finding, evaluating, analyzing, integrating,
managing, and expressing information to others are highly valued. These are the

people who are the best at solving issues, coming up with solutions, and
coming up with new ideas and directions for the future.
The majority of these people are graduate students who are expected to
become future professionals and researchers.
However, the researcher has observed that there are some aspects that
influence the achievement of this goal. As a result, the focus of this research will
be on evaluating students' computer and information literacy, as well as how these
literacies aid them in their degree program.
Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to assess the Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management
student’s computer literacy at Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges. Specifically,
the researcher sought answers to the following questions:
1. What are the profile of the student respondents be described in terms of:
1.1 Age;
1.2 Gender;
1.3 Address;
1.4 Number of Siblings;
1.5 Ownership of Computer


1.6 Number of Hours of Computer Usage
2. What is the socio economic standing of the respondent in terms of:
2.1 Does the respondent have a computer at home?
2.2 Do the respondents have access to the internet at home?
2.3 What are the parent’s sources of income?
2.4 How much is the monthly income of the family?
3. What is the respondents’ background in terms of Computer and Information
Literacy:
3.1 Do the respondents have the ability to use computers?
3.2 Do the respondents possess knowledge about computer applications?
3.3 Does the respondent have the ability to use the internet?
3.4 Do the respondents know some internet search techniques to be used
on searching reliable and related information to their studies?
4. What is the level of computer literacy of the respondents in terms of:
4.1 Identification of computer parts
4.2 Use of Microsoft applications
4.3 Use of graphic software’s/programs
4.4 Use of Web


5. Is there a significant relationship between the computer and information
literacy and the academic success of respondents?
6. Is there a significant relationship between socioeconomic status and
academic performance of respondents?
7. Is there a significant difference on the knowledge when respondents are
computer literate?
8. Is there a significant difference on the skills when respondents are computer
literate?
Assumptions of the Study
The researcher will base this study on the following assumptions:
1. BSHM Students who are computer literate perform better in class than
those who are not.
2. Computer-literate BSHM students have an advantage when doing
computer-related activities.
3. Computer literacy affects the academic performance of BSHM students.
4. BSHM students are honest in answering the survey questionnaire


Objectives of the Study
The objective of this study is to determine the impact of computer literacy
on students’ academic performance in Bachelor of Science in Hospitality
Management Students at Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges.
1. To give BSHM students with the necessary skills to support themselves while
also improving their academic achievement.
2. To teach BSHM students how to acquire basic computer skills.
3. To encourage BSHM students to pursue a career in computer subjects.
4. To prepare BSHM students for future computer courses.


8
Significance of the Study
BSHM Students. The results of this study will give an assessment of their
computer and information literacy level, as well as a roadmap to areas where they
need to improve.
CBM Faculty. This study would be a great help to know how knowledgeable and
skillful are the BSHM Students in using computer.
CBM Department. This study will provide the CBM Department with necessary
information which will serve as the basis in preparing the BSHM Students in the
needed competencies.
Administration. The findings of this study will serve as the foundation for a
program that will help schools by improving the quality of BSHM students'
education through the use of computers.
Researchers. This study will help them accumulate knowledge about the impact
of the computer literacy on the BSHM Students academic success.
Future Researchers. The findings of this study will greatly aid the researcher in
their understanding of the relationship between computer and information literacy
and graduate student academic success. The study's findings will be used to guide
a more in-depth investigation into the effects of computer and information literacy
on graduate and undergraduate students' academic achievement.


Scope and Limitations of the Study
The focus of this study is to determine the impact of computer literacy on
the academic performance of hospitality management students from first year to
third year who are currently enrolled in Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges,
Nabua Camarines Sur.


CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
This chapter is the presentation of the review of the theoretical and conceptual
framework of the study, related literature, together with the synthesis of state-of-the-art
and gaps of the study.
Foreign Literature
According to Huffman, et. Al (2016) the performance of computer technology has
grown to come to be an essential part of contemporary life and it immediately impacts
communication, education, entertainment, and work. Computer literacy has been
recognized to be valuable for senior high school students as it is not just aiding and gaining
knowledge of the process, it provides students with a tendency that will be required in
their future work life.
According to Ümmühan Avcı & Esin Ergün (2019) Teachers can evaluate students'
needs and promote learning by closely monitoring student involvement levels. High levels
of student participation can be said to improve students' engagement with online
courses. Learning problems in online learning settings can thus be avoided. It could have
consequences for students' online learning processes, as well as instructional designs,
which play a key role in boosting students' success in online learning settings.

11
According to Aitokhuchi, et. al (2014). The academic performance of computer
literate students is more complimentary than those who are not. Academic success is
accomplished when a balanced use of internet tools was taken by senior high school
students for their coursework leading to a significant influence of internet use or
academic performance.
According to Lulu (2009), as cited by Michael (2018), computer literacy is the
ability of a person to operate a computer and its system with ease. It is considered as the
knowledge and skill to utilize computers efficiently, with some range of skill level. Some
valuable components of computer literacy are knowledge on how to operate a computer,
how it works and know how to solve problems using it. However, computer literate
always connotes less than the skill to use multiple applications such as Microsoft Word,
Internet Explorer, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft PowerPoint, and Outlook for a certain task.
Afolakemi (2008) as cited by Mamadu (2014) stated that computer literacy is the
skill to use computer hardware and software in order to accomplish work. It is also the
skill to use computers for academic purposes. However, computer literacy has a
connection to computer anxiety that affects the way they use computers. It is discovered
that a positive attitude in using computers is required in being a computer literate person.

12
Local Literatures
According to Manny B. Atoy, Jr, et. Al (2020) The extent to which students can
utilize the potential benefits of information from the online world is largely determined
by their ability to develop a set of skills that will enable them to be effective users and
decision-makers. It highlighted the importance of prior knowledge, ICT resources, and
infrastructure in the development of information-type abilities; there is still a need to
identify other variables in information science.
According to Garcia (2016) Despite the Philippine government's increased budget
allocations, the state of Philippine education is nearly at the bottom of the Southeast
Asian ranking. Last year, the World Economic Forum rated the Philippines 86th out of 140
nations in terms of elementary education and health, according to an article published by
Rappler.com. Long-standing issues such as a lack of resources and a shoddy infrastructure
can all contribute to the country's poor performance. The Philippine Department of
Education has long acknowledged the importance of information and communications
technology (ICT) in improving education in the country.
According to Cruz (2015) “The mantra of basic education, and also higher
education, is that the educational system intends to produce “holistically developed
Filipinos with 21st-century skills,” according to the report. Whether individuals born
before 1997 like it or not, technology is a part of these 21st-century skills.”


13
According to Glenny E. Laping (Laping, 2016) wrote in an article for Inquirer.net that
the sole concern on his mind before attending the Global E2-Educator Exchange in
Budapest, Hungary is, "Why employ technology in the classroom?" The following are the
responses she received from a Microsoft Innovative Educator Expert in the Philippines:
9. Technology is a way of life. It is everywhere in this computer age.
10. Students use technology improperly and unproductively.
11. We must provide guidance.
12. Free educational tools are easier and faster to use than traditional tools.
E2 introduced a new free educational Microsoft applications and tool that could
help teachers accelerate the teaching and learning process.
According to Philippine Star (Philippine Star, 2006), In ICT, the advantage of
students over professors was discussed. Students today have a basic understanding of
chatting, online games, and other computer-related programs, although most teachers
do not. This is due to a lack of training among teachers, who are unable to teach students
about computers.

14
Related Studies
According to the study of Onuoha (2019) ICTs have had an impact on the field of
education, affecting learning and research as well as the general processes of transfer of
knowledge and receipt. ICTs have the ability to innovate, accelerate,
enhance, and deepen skills, as well as to motivate and engage students, educators, and
anyone else who shares knowledge. It is also mentioned that much has been said and
reported regarding the impact of technology on communication habits, particularly
computer-enabled devices. As computers and technological applications became
increasingly prevalent in society, concerns about the need for computing and ICT skills in
everyday life arose.
In the study of Laguador (2013), It is stated that the academic world should
encourage extracurricular computer technology activities that will help students
understand the benefits of having high functional computer literacy without
compromising end-user health. Parents and guardians are concerned about having
computer units at home and some laptops to use in school for educational purposes is
reasonable, but they must monitor their children's virtual entertainment activities and
advise them to consider the negative health effects of spending long periods of time in
front of a computer.

15
In a survey of ICT literacy among students, Amua-Sekyi and Asare (2016)
discovered that pupils possessed Internet accessing skills, word processing skills, email
sending skills, presentation skills, database searching skills, and other abilities. They claim
that surfing the Web for information will make students' work easier and foster
connections with global education. They also claim that having word processing skills and
being able to interact via email will allow students to quickly create and produce papers
that are relevant to their academic needs. The finding also indicates that ICT skills have a
significant impact on students since they allow them to save time when developing or
revising study materials, as well as create documents that are more appealing to others,
among other advantages.
Theoretical Framework
The study will be anchored on Achievement Motivation Theory by Atkinson & Mc
Clelland (1961) which relates personal attributes and background to a desire to succeed
and the competitive drive to fulfill high standards. It also illustrates how an individual's
traits and his or her desire to achieve anything in life are inextricably linked. It also takes
into account a person's competitive drive to achieve established objectives.
According to Bhasin (2018) Internal factors such as eagerness, perseverance,
timeliness, and self-motivation, as well as numerous external factors (also known as
environmental factors) such as pressures, expectations,


16
targets, and so on, set by relevant organizations, family members, or society, govern an
individual's motivation to achieve something in life or the dire need to achieve a specific
goal. According to the achievement motivation theory, a person's desire to accomplish
something and the reason for his or her overall motivation to reach a goal originates from
within and is highly tied to the individual's need for power and affiliation.
ACHIEVEMENT
AFFILIATION POWER
Figure 1. Model of Theoretical Framework
Figure 1 shows the Three Main Motivators from the Achievement Motivation
Theory. In McClelland's Human Motivation Theory, it states that everyone has one of
three main driving motivators: the need for achievement, affiliation, or power.

17
These motivators do not come naturally to us; we acquire them as an outcome of
our culture and lifestyle choices. Each of these three forces is present in some form in
everyone, but one of them will be the primary drive for each person.
According to the theory, each person's primary source of motivation falls into one
of the three categories.
Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework of this study will be anchored on Achievement
Motivation Theory proposed by Atkinson & Mc Clelland (1961) as cited by Moore (2010)
which explains that an individual's motivation to achieve something in life or the pressing
need to achieve a specific goal is governed by a combination of internal factors such as
willingness, determination, punctuality, and personal drive, as well as a variety of external
factors (also known as environmental factors) such as pressures, expectations, targets,
and other factors set by relevant organizations.
Respondents’ Profile: Academic Performance

Gender Computer Related
Year Level Skills Compliance with Task
Computer Related Skills
Independent Variable Dependent Variable
Figure 2. Conceptual Framework


18
Figure 2 presents the conceptual framework of the study. First, the respondent's
profile, which is an independent variable, will be given in terms of age, gender, and year.
The dependent variable academic achievement will therefore be explained in terms of
task compliance. Intervening variables, such as computer abilities, will connect the
independent and dependent variables. Finally, the researchers will figure out how
independent and dependent variables are related.
Synthesis of State-of-the-Art
In conceptualizing the research, the related literature that were conscientiously
coordinated and presented guided the researchers. Computer literacy and student’s
academic achievement explored in the study of Onuoha (2019) and Laguador (2013). It
appears to be very creative, and the findings convey the necessity of adequate computer
abilities in students' academic performance. According to the study and survey of Amua-
Sekyi and Asare (2016). To properly prepare students to live and act in certain ways in
which they are growing up, educational content and structure must effectively integrate
technology.
Michael (2018), Onuoha (2019) concluded that computer literacy between students and
teachers are strong, which has surely influenced teaching, learning,


19
and research, as well as the overall processes of transfer of knowledge and receiving.
Gap of the Study
After a review of the literature it was discovered that computer literacy had been
studied by researchers in the Philippines and other nations even before the twenty-first
century. Studies solely look at the advantages of being computer literate in the workplace
and in school, with respondents BSHM Students of Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges.
To address the existing gap and provide an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon,
the researchers will employ a quantitative method in measuring the computer literacy
level and finding its relationship to academic achievement of BSHM students of
Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges. The researchers will also find the factors that affect
the computer literacy level of the respondents.


Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter contains the discussions of the methods and procedures used by the
researchers in conducting the study.
Locale of the Study
This study was conducted among the first year to third year students of Bachelor
of Science in Hospitality Management at Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges, Nabua,
Camarines Sur.
Research Design
This study will employ quantitative non-experimental descriptive-correlational
research design which is intended to assess and test the relationships between and
among two or more variables which could enable researchers to predict future events
based on present knowledge (Stangor 2011).
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of this study will consist of 491 students (201 male and 270
female) bachelor of science in hospitality management students enrolled during the
academic year 2020-2021.


21
For the first year, Section A (10 male and 31 female), Section B (8 male and 32 female),
Section C (16 male and 25 female). Section D (14 male and 27 female), Section E (13 male
and 27 female). For the second year, Section A (15 male and 34 female), Section B (25
male and 25 female), Section C (26 male and 23 female).
For the third year, Section A (25 male and 25 female), Section B (24 male and 17 female)
and Section C (25 male and 24 female).
Research Instruments
The process of gathering data is using a closed questionnaire in which respondents
can select their answers to questions by placing a checkmark. The questionnaire will be
split into three sections: Scale 1 will cover the respondent's profile. Scale 2 will assess the
respondents' level of computer literacy. Scale 3 will assess respondents' academic
achievement based on the variables provided.
The research instrument will be handed to the research adviser for initial review.
For additional validation, the researchers will consult with experts in the fields of
language, statistics, and computer, who will provide feedback and recommendations.

22
Data Gathering Procedure
After the validation of the instrument, the researchers will obtain permission to
conduct the study from the Office of the College and Business Management. Coordination
with the class mayors will also be done in order to move the survey forward. The
questionnaire will then be produced, distributed, and retrieved through google forms.
Data Analysis
After respondents completed the survey questionnaire, data were tabulated and
subjected to the following statistical tools:
1. The respondents' profile was described using frequency and percentage
distributions, as well as ranking.
2. The weighted mean and ranking will be used to describe the respondents'
academic achievement.
3. A difference test will be used to see if there is a significant difference in computer
literacy between groups of students based on their profile variable.
4. A test of relationship will be utilized to determine the relationship between the
respondent’s level of computer literacy and their academic achievement.

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Republic of the Philippines

CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

The Impact of Computer Literacy on Academic Performance in the

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

Computers now play a significant role in education, particularly in

developing nations such as the Philippines. Computer literacy helps to improve

workplace efficiency, workflow, and overall experience. Students are able to

generate more in less time, freeing up resources to do more.

Science, Information Technology, Information Management.

According to Oklahoma State University, 75 percent of students said the

a learner to flourish in a quickly changing technological environment.

Computer literacy, according to Reynolds (2007), entails understanding the

may improve students' educational experiences.

Computers are the most outstanding ones of the technological devices

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

recognizing the potential role of computers being technologically literate

are essential (Güçlü, 2010).

The term “computer literacy” is often used as a basis of making decisions

regarding a student’s ability to perform specific tasks on a personal computer

Today, students have at least some form of technology available to them in

literacy has become a necessity in all levels of education. According to Furst-Bowe

and Boger (1996), in order to be successful in academic programs and careers, it

various software (Lahore, 2008).

“don’t know what the

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

(Kennedy, Lawton & Plumlee, 2002).

According to Simonson, Maurer-Torardi & Whitaker (1987), computer

literacy is important, because it transforms the computer’s capability into proficient

and productive activities. Computer literate individuals open up more job

Computer literacy enhances professionalism and learnings. Therefore,

Information literacy, particularly effective use of IT-based services and

in the knowledge-based society. Information literacy is a valuable skill that may be

applied to every element of one's life.

teacher to answer questions or solve issues, information literacy abilities would

lead to self-directed and student-centered learning. Individuals that are competent

about swiftly and successfully finding, evaluating, analyzing, integrating,

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

coming up with new ideas and directions for the future.

become future professionals and researchers.

be on evaluating students' computer and information literacy, as well as how these

literacies aid them in their degree program.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to assess the Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management

student’s computer literacy at Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges. Specifically,

the researcher sought answers to the following questions:

1.4 Number of Siblings;

1.5 Ownership of Computer

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

1.6 Number of Hours of Computer Usage

2. What is the socio economic standing of the respondent in terms of:

2.1 Does the respondent have a computer at home?

2.2 Do the respondents have access to the internet at home?

2.3 What are the parent’s sources of income?

2.4 How much is the monthly income of the family?

3. What is the respondents’ background in terms of Computer and Information

3.1 Do the respondents have the ability to use computers?

3.2 Do the respondents possess knowledge about computer applications?

3.4 Do the respondents know some internet search techniques to be used

on searching reliable and related information to their studies?

4. What is the level of computer literacy of the respondents in terms of:

4.1 Identification of computer parts