TYPES OF MEDIA

Print Media- media consisting of paper and ink, reproduces in a printing process that is traditionally mechanical

 Book
 News paper
 Magazine
 Journal
 Newsletter
 Gazette
 Pamphlet
 Brochure
 Leaflets/Flyers
 Dictionary
 Encyclopedia

Broadcast Media-media that reach target audiences using airwaves as the transmission medium.

 Radio
 Television
 Film

New Media-content organized and distributed in digital platforms

 Web Page
 Hypertext
 Instant Messaging
 E-mail
 Distance Education
 E-book
 Online Shopping

Media Convergence- what we’re experiencing right now.

-interconnects information with communication technologies, computer networks, and media

content.

-The co-existence of traditional and new media.

-The co-existence of print media, broadcast media (radio and television), the Internet, mobile

phones, as well as others, allowing media content to flow across various platforms.

-The ability to transform different kinds of media into digital code, which is then accessible by a

range of devices (ex. from the personal computer to the mobile phone), thus creating a digital

communication environment.

 Example is the artist to become popular and keep us updated on their life.

“The media can be influenced by society and can in turn influence society.” Means since media is influenced by us,
the information will spread fast.

 Example is the election and COVID-19 Vaccines

MEDIA RESPONSIBILITY. Media content producers should follow a code of ethics that prohibits the use of abusive or
discriminatory material based on race, ethnicity, age, gender, physical ability, or marital status.
MEDIA AND INFORMATION SOURCES

 Anyone can be a source of information. Check the similarities and differences of the information
to check the information’s accuracy.
 Libraries
 Academic
 Public
 School
 Special (e.g. Law and medicine)
 Note: Back of the book should have ISSN, ISBN to know that the book go through quality
check
 Internet
 Yahoo
 Google
 LinkedIn
 DepEd Commons
 *.edu.* *.gov
 Note: Check the author, date, citations, domain and writing style to know kung pinag-iisipan ba
talaga nila yung sinusulat nila
 Alternative Media
 Podcasts
 Vlogs/Blogs
 Social Media
 Flash mobs
 Note: The spread is very quick. The problem is it might be bias or inaccurate because it is personal
experience or opinion

MEDIA AND INFORMATION SOURCES

 Accuracy of Information. Accuracy refers to the closeness of the report to the actual data. Measuremene of
accuracy varies depending on the type of information being evaluates. Forecasts are said to be accurate if
the report is similar to the actual data. Financial information is considered accurate if the values are correct
properly classified and presented.
 Value of Information. Information is said to be the value if it aids the user in making or improving data.
 Authority. Much of the information we gather daily do not come from a primary source but are passed on
through secondary sources such as writer, reporters and the like. Sources with an established expertise on
the subject mater are considered as having sound authority on the subject
Check the credibility of the author. It depends of the content or subject. Indigenous Sources
Example is Indigenous Sources (epic, mythology, legend)
Primary Sources- using clay paintings, wood blocks. In short, the traditional sources.
Secondary Sources- New media and print media from libraries
 Timeliness. Reliability, accuracy, and value of information may vary based on the time it was produced or
acquired. While a piece of information may have been found accurate, reliable, and valuable dthe time it
was produced, it may become irrelevant and inaccurate with the passing od time (thus making it less
valuable).

INDIGENOUS

 Native, local, originating or produced naturally in a particular region.

 Indigenous communication-in which the culture is preserved and down and adopted. It is from us
example is nagkwekwentuhan tayo.
 Check the authority
 How the ways of communication started? Original information created by a local group of people. This also
refers to content about indigenous peoples that may be distributed through dominant forms of media or
through forms of communication unique to their people group. Traditional ways example is the horns of
animals as warning device, birds, horses as messenger then had telegram, telephone then we have internet
right now.

Forms of indigenous media information

 Fold or traditional media

 Gatherings and social organizations
 Direct observation
 Records-may be written, carved, or oral
 Oral instruction

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LANGUAGES

“Language may be a source of misunderstandings.”

o Same words with different meaning

o How to deliver the information
o Different language
o Experiences and background of a person.
o How the person will interpret the information according to what they feel
o Depends on the tone
o Depend on the text style

Languages- pertains to the technical and symbolic ingredients or codes and conventions that media and information
professionals may select and use in the effort to communicate ideas, information and knowledge.

Codes

Technical. Include sound, camera angles, type of shots, and lighting.

Symbolic. Include the language, dress or actions of characters, or iconic symbols that are easily

understood. Example is a guy giving a flower to a girl. A man’s kamao

Conventions

Basis and criteria in producing information using media.

In the media context, refers to a standard or norm that acts as a rule governing behavior.

“The first step in becoming media and information literate is to understand how information, ideas, and meaning are
communicated through and by various media and other information providers, such as libraries, achives, museums
and the internet.”

LEGAL, ETHICAL, AND SOCIETAL ISSUES

Copyright. author’s protection of his/her work. A legal device that gives the creator of a library, artistic, musical or
other creative work the sole right to publish and sell that work. Copyright owners have the right to control the
reproduction of their work, including the right to receive payment for that reproduction. An author may grant or sell
those rights to others, including publishers or recording companies. Violation of a copyright is called infringement.
Philippine Copyright Law R.A 8293. If you fail to follow this, the violation is called plagiarism.

Plagiarism. An act or instance of using or closely imitating the language and thoughts or another author without
authorization; the representation of that author’s work as one’s own, as by not crediting the original author.
Cyber Bullying. An act using gadgets or internet. Bullying that takes place online or using electronic technology such
as cell phones, computers, and tablets over communication tools including social media sites, text messages, chat,
and websites. Example of cyber bullying; text messages or emails composed to insult or demean; rumors or false
statements spread by email or posted on social networking sites; and humiliating photos, videos, websites, or fake
profiles deliberately shared across social media. It can cause stress, depression and even death.

Computer Addiction. Evident these days. The excessive use of computers to the extent that it interferes with daily
life. This excessive use may for example interfere with work or sleep, result in problems with social interaction, or
affect mood, relationships and thought processes. To avoid this problem, we should learn how to manage our time,
be aware of the disadvantages and be aware of the things to do.

Digital Divide. An economic inequality between groups in terms of access to, use of, or knowledge of ICT, the divide
within countries (such as the digital divide in the United States) can refer to inequalities between individuals,
households, businesses, and geographic areas at different socioeconomic (and other demographic) levels. The Global
digital divide designates countries as the unites of analysis and examines the divide between developing and
developed countries on an international scale. Some have advanced technology and others are behind. We are not
equal in technology. Example is mismatch when it is in mismatch. Using mobile data (limited) wifi (unlimited).