TECHNICAL REPORT

GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION
LUBUK TUTUNG-BENGALON

REPORT NO. A-421

(NOVEMBER 2004)

Prepared by:

Armstrong Tobing
Agus H Rachman

GEOTECHNICAL SECTION OF
GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

PT KALTIM PRIMA COAL

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CONTENTS

1 Introduction...................................................................... 1

2 Fieldwork and Laboratory Testing.................................... 2

2.1 FIELDWORK...........................................................................................2
2.2 LABORATORY TESTING.........................................................................4
3 Site Condition ................................................................... 5
3.1 SITE DESCRIPTION ................................................................................5
3.2 SUBSURFACE CONDITION ....................................................................7
4 Engineering Comment and Recommendation.................. 10
4.1 ENGINEERING COMMENT..................................................................10
4.2 RECOMMENDATION AND REQUIRED FURTHER WORK ................11
Appendices:
Appendix A Borehole Logs and PCPT Test Result
Appendix B Laboratory Test Results Summary
Appendix C Cross Sections
Appendix D Photographs

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1 Introduction

Relating with the plan of mining program in Bengalon that will be started at around
end of year 2004, some infrastructures will need to be constructed to support the
mining activity.

This report describes details of fieldworks and laboratory testing program results that
have been performed together with engineering comments and recommendations for
Bengalon port site facilities construction.

Infrastructures that will be constructed in Bengalon port site comprised of coal

stockpile, coal reclaimer, belt conveyor and barge at the end of belt conveyor in the
beach area. Some channels also will be created on the sea by dredging to provide
access way for barges to the loading point.

Originally, the previous location of the proposed port site facilities located about 800
m on the south west side of the new proposed location. With this basis, geotechnical
investigation was concentrated on the previous proposed location. During the
investigation, the previous proposed location shifted to the new proposed location,
considering the results of some boreholes and testing that have been performed.
Related to this, some additional boreholes and testing performed around the actual
proposed location.

The objective of this investigation was intended to provide parameters as the basis
for detailed design and earth works for construction of Bengalon port site.

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2 Fieldwork and Laboratory Testing

2.1 FIELDWORK

The fieldwork for Lubuk Tutung investigation performed from 26 April to 27

September 2004 and comprised the following

1. 18 borehole drilling to depth varies from 20 to 50 m. Drilling were performed

using Boart Long Year drilling rig LY22. It is using wireline system and coring
method with an HQ core barrel. Along with the drilling program, SPT testing
and undisturbed sampling also performed in each borehole. SPT testing
performed with interval 1.5 m and undisturbed sampling were taken after every
two SPT testing, although undisturbed sampling not always performed as this
due to material condition.

2. 15 electric piezocone penetration (PCPT) tests to refusal depth varies from 0.7 to
25.5 m. Piezocone testing were performed with LY22 assistance to push the
piezocone tip to penetrate the ground. LY22 also being used to postdrill layers
which piezocone tip could not penetrate. Postdrill performed at depth around 2
to 12 m. A swampy dozer blade also being used as counter weight to give more
resistance for LY22 drilling rig to push the piezocone. Refusal depth for
piezocone is condition where drilling rig LY22 is not capable pushing the
piezocone tip into ground or when the drilling rig is elevated.

3. Disturbed sampling in seven proposed borrow material locations. Disturbed

sampling were performed with hand digging to collect sample in near surface
only. Two others disturbed samplings were obtained from LT-04 and LT-05
cores that have been crushed.

Pictures of LY22 drilling rig and PCPT testing are shown in Appendix D.

Geotechnical engineers from Geotechnical Section PT KPC supervised all the

fieldwork in full time basis.

Location of all testing are summarized in tables below and shown in Figure 2.

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A. Boreholes Location
Coordinates
Borehole
Easting (m) Northing (m) Elevation (m)
LT-01 125,874.04 217,148.21 2.75
LT-02 126,007.70 217,029.80 1.25
LT-03 126,591.00 216,873.00 1.32
LT-04 125,683.18 217,346.22 38.67
LT-05 125,906.72 217,274.87 33.64
LT-06 216,769.77 126,310.54 1.10
LT-07 126,128.70 217,063.60 0.99
LT-08 126,308.61 216,914.47 1.03
LT-09 126,941.08 217,167.13 1.69
LT-10 126,293.16 217,253.59 2.57
LT-11 127,454.96 217,589.18 1.38
LT-12 126,540.62 217,486.73 6.61
LT-13 126,680.89 217,352.36 3.90
LT-16 126,572.45 217,649.27 61.39
LT-17 126,890.70 217,504.45 5.06
LT-18 127,053.77 217,230.06 2.22
LT-19 126,963.67 217,132.46 2.24
LT-20 126,766.16 211,569.79 7.35

B. Piezocone Testing Location

Coordinates
Piezocone
Easting (m) Northing (m) Elevation (m)
P-2 126013.09 217023.42 1.53
P-3 126619.21 216897.32 0.97
P-6A 126261.03 216676.77 0.91
P-6B 126313.71 216772.89 0.95
P-6C 126372.23 216868.81 1.02
P-8 126310.323 216912.073 0.974
P-9A 126863.737 217092.162 3.545
P-9B 126947.121 217170.595 1.342
P-9C 127022.246 217255.298 -1.545
P-11 127449.342 217588.798 1.383
P-12 126540.623 217486.731 6.604
P-13 126675.286 217359.497 3.76

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 C. Disturbed Sampling Location*
Coordinates
Disturbed Sampling No Remark
Easting (m) Northing (m) Elevation (m)
LT01-SUBSOIL 125874 217157 NA
LT04-SUBSOIL 125651 217262 NA
LT04-CRUSHER-CORE 125,683.18 217,346.22 38.67 Sample from LT-04
LT05-CRUSHER-CORE 125,906.72 217,274.87 33.64 Sample from LT-05
LT05-SUBSOIL 125906 217268 NA
LT10-SUBSOIL 126263 217264 NA
QUARRY 126793 217744 NA
PIK HAUL ROAD 119231 219008 NA
SIMPANG 3 TAPUAN 125413 217310 NA
JL SEKURAU 123455 218142 NA
LT04A 125682 217332 NA
Note:
* Approximate Location
NA: Not Available

2.2 LABORATORY TESTING

All SPT and undisturbed samples and coreboxes from the fieldwork were sent to
Geotechnical and AMD Laboratory PT KPC to be tested.

Laboratory testing for those samples comprised of moisture content, Atterberg

limits, linear shrinkage, density and sieve and hydrometer tests. Several direct shear
testing also conducted for some undisturbed samples. Additional tests comprised of
modified compaction and unsoaked and soaked CBR were performed for disturbed
samples from proposed borrow areas. UCS and Point Load Index test also
performed for some mudstone, sandstone and limestone cores.

Details of laboratory test results are summarized and included on Appendix B.

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3 Site Condition

3.1 SITE DESCRIPTION

The proposed Lubuk tutung port site facilities located at Lubuk Tutung, Sekerat
village, kecamatan Bengalon, East Kutai, East Kalimantan. This site is reachable
using a public road connecting Sangatta-Bengalon-Lubuk Tutung. The site is
about 35 km from Sangatta to north east. The area of investigation comprised of
around 2.5 Ha area.

North west side of the investigated area comprised of limestone hills vegetated
with high dense bushes and low dense of coconut trees. Beach line lies in south
side of the area along south west/north east. On south west side of the area lies
swampy area vegetated with high dense bakau trees. Local people use some parts
of the investigated area, mostly near the existing public road as cropped farm.

Location of the investigated area shown on Figure 1.

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 Figure 1 Project site location at Lubuk Tutung, Bengalon

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3.2 SUBSURFACE CONDITION

The subsurface condition of the area investigated are shown on Appendix C and
summarised below.

1. Cross Section 1 (LT-06, LT-03, LT-19, LT-09, LT-18, LT-11)

The area along this cross section consist of swampy area on the south west side
(around LT-03 and LT-06) and beach line on the north east side (along LT-09, LT-
11, LT-18, LT-19). Several areas in the beach line filled with limestone to around 2 m
thick.

The subsurface condition along the beach line consists of sand (very loose to loose,
fine to coarse grained, well graded), overlying gravelly coral to coralstone fragmented
with medium dense sand. Underlies are clay (stiff to very stiff, medium to high
plasticity) and sand (medium dense to very dense, fine to coarse grained, poorly
graded). The sand layer gradually becomes thicker to north east. Sand lenses (loose,
fine to coarse grained, poorly graded) with thickness to around 4 m lies between
gravelly coral layer and stiff to very stiff clay. Limestone as bedrock lies below
medium dense to very dense sand layer.

The subsurface condition on the swampy area is slightly different with the beach line.
The swampy area consist of sand (very loose to loose, coarse grained, poorly graded)
in some area close with the beach line, overlying clay (very soft to stiff, medium to
high plasticity). Underlies are sand (medium dense, fine to coarse grained, poorly
graded), clay (stiff to very stiff, medium to high plasticity), and sand (medium dense
to very dense, fine to coarse grained, poorly graded). Limestone is underlying sand
layer.

The thickness of layers and their elevation are summarized in the table below.
Swamp Area Beach Line
Elevation Elevation
Layer Thickness (m) Layer Thickness (m)
(m RL) (m RL)
VL-L Sand 0 to 4 1 to -3 Fill material 0 to 2 2 to -1
VS-St Clay 16 to 21 1 to -20 VL-L Sand 1 to 4 1 to -3
MD Sand 3 to 6 -19 to -26 Gravelly Coral 2 to 13 -2 to -14
St-VSt Clay 6 to 14 -22 to -40 St-VSt Clay 2 to 7 -7 to -16
MD-VD Sand 2 to 9 -28 to -50 MD-VD Sand 5 to 15 -12 to -27
Limestone > -31 to -49 Limestone < -16 to -27

2. Cross Section 2 (LT-02, LT-07, LT-10, LT-12, LT-20)

The subsurface condition along this cross section consists of sand (loose, coarse
grained, poorly graded) overlying clay (very soft to soft, low to medium plasticity)
and limestone. The loose sand layer only encountered in small area in south west
corner of this cross section. Several lenses of around 6 m thick of clay (firm to stiff,
high plasticity) and around 3 m thick of sandstone encountered in limestone layer,
located in around the south west side to the middle of this cross section, at around
RL -5 to -23. Sand layer (loose to medium dense, fine to coarse grained, poorly

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graded) with thickness to around 5 m encountered between very soft to soft clay and
limestone layer in the north east side.

The thickness of layers and their elevation are summarized in the table below.
Layer Thickness (m) Elevation (m RL)
L Sand 0 to 2 0 to -2
VS-S Clay 3 to 5 7 to -2
L-MD Sand 1 to 5 4 to -1
Limestone < 0 to -4

3. Cross Section 3 (LT-12, LT-13, LT-09, LT-19)

The subsurface condition along this cross section consists of clay (very soft, high
plasticity) overlying sand (loose to medium dense, fine to coarse grained, well graded)
and gravelly coral to coralstone fragmented with medium dense sand. Underlies are
clay(soft to stiff, medium to high plasticity), sand (loose to medium dense, fine to
coarse grained, well graded) and limestone layer. Coral lenses encountered in the
north west side, overlying limestone.

The very soft clay layer only encountered in the north west side until the middle of
this cross section. Beach area in south east side filled with limestone to around 3 m
thick.

The thickness of layers and their elevation are summarized in the table below.
Layer Thickness (m) Elevation (m RL)
VS Clay 0 to 4 7 to 1
Fill material 0 to 2 2 to -1
L-MD Sand 1 to 7 3 to -6
Gravelly Coral to Coralstone 3 to 13 -2 to -14
S-St Clay 2 to 6 -3 to -16
L-MD Sand 2 to 8 -5 to -21
Limestone < 2 to -21

4. Cross Section 4 (LT-20, LT-17, LT-18)

The subsurface along this cross section divided into north west side and south east
(beach) side due to its differences.

The subsurface condition along north west consists of clay (very soft to soft,
medium to high plasticity) overlying sand (loose to medium dense, fine to coarse
grained, poorly graded) and clay (soft to stiff, medium to high plasticity). Underlies
are sand (medium dense to dense, fine to coarse grained, poorly graded), limestone
and sandstone layer.

The subsurface condition along south east consist of fill material (limestone)
overlying sand (loose to medium dense, fine to coarse grained, poorly graded) and
gravelly coral to coralstone fragmented with medium dense sand. Underlies are sand
(loose to dense, medium to coarse grained, poorly graded) and limestone. Clay (soft
to stiff, high plasticity) lenses encountered in loose to dense sand layer with thickness
to around 3 m, located a t RL -10 to -13 m.

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The thickness of layers and their elevation are summarized in the table below.

North west Area South east Area (Beach)

Elevation Elevation
Layer Thickness (m) Layer Thickness (m)
(m RL) (m RL)
VS-S Clay 3 to 4 7 to 2 Fill Material 0 to 3 2 to -1
L-MD Sand 3 to 5 4 to -1 L-MD Sand 2 to 3 2 to -2
S-St Clay 2 to 4 1 to -7 Gravelly Coral 5 to 6 -2 to -10
MD-D Sand 5 to 6 -5 to -12 L-D Sand 0 to 12 -8 to -20
Limestone 6 to 10 -10 to -20 Limestone < -10 to -20
Sandstone < -19 to -20

5. Cross Section 5 (LT-02, LT-07, LT-08, LT-06)

The subsurface condition along this cross section consists of clay (very soft to stiff,
medium to high plasticity) overlying sand (medium dense to very dense, fine to
coarse grained, poorly graded). Limestone and siltstone as bedrock lies below the
sand layer. The clay layer started from northwest corner of this cross section and
getting thicker to southeast. Sand (loose, fine to coarse grained, well graded) with
thickness to around 2 m encountered in small area in north west corner. Sand (loose
to medium dense, fine to coarse grained, poorly graded) lenses in the very soft to stiff
clay layer with thickness to around 6 m, located at RL -21 to -27m.

The thickness of layers and their elevation are summarized in the table below.
Layer Thickness (m) Elevation (m RL)
VS-St Clay 5 to 39 1 to -38
MD-VD Sand 2 to 11 1 to - 50
Siltstone/Limestone < -2 to -50

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4 Engineering Comment and Recommendation

4.1 ENGINEERING COMMENT

1. From the fieldwork testing correlation and al boratory testing results, material
properties of layers encountered in all boreholes can be summarized below.
Unit Weight
No Material (kN/m3) Phi (o ) Cu (kPa) Remark
1 VS-S Clay 16.3 - 21.0 10 - 31 6 - 48
2 F-St Clay 16.7 - 20.7 9 30 - 192
3 St-VSt 17.1 - 20.0 12 – 14 10 - 160
4 VL-L Sand 16.6 - 23.6 25 – 36
5 L-MD Sand 15.1 - 23.6 24 – 37
6 MD-VD Sand 16.9 - 21.2 29 – 48
7 Limestone 16.3 - 26.6 24 – 47 Include gravelly coral & coral
8 Sandstone 18.5 - 23.6 36 – 41
9 Mudstone 18.5
Note:
Unit weight derived from laboratory testing
Phi derived from direct shear
Cu derived from N-SPT and or PCPT correlation and or Direct shear test

2. Some part of the previous location of proposed port site facilities located on
swampy area with thick very soft to firm layer. The condition of this location will
cause difficulties during earthwork and will also encountered bearing capacity and
significant settlement problem.

3. Samples taken from some proposed borrow area consist of two material;
limestone and clayey silt (medium to high plasticity) with some sand. The MDD
and OMC of limestone obtained from modified compaction tests, in range of
1.78-2.17 t/m3 and 8.3-15.2%. Unsoaked and soaked CBR value ranges from 7-
39% and 3-29%.
The MDD and OMC of clayey silt obtained from modified compaction tests, in
range of 1.58-1.91 t/m3 and 13.3-23.2%. Unsoaked and soaked CBR value ranges
from 2-15% and 1-5%.

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4.2 RECOMMENDATION AND REQUIRED FURTHER WORK

1. Cleanly remove vegetation and their roots prior spreading fill material. Make sure
that spreading fill material carried out in layers so compaction takes effect and
meet the compaction criteria.

2. For haul road, embankment and footing, bearing capacity probably not a major
issue, but long term settlement of around 1 to 2 m possibly will occur. This
analysis is based on 2 m thick of fill material or embankment, so for fill material
with thickness more than 2 m will need other adjustment. We recommend
driving piles to be used for heavy structure that could not tolerate big
displacement but need to be built above soft ground. Piles should be driven to
dense to very dense sand layer or limestone. Difficulties probably occur when
driving the piles to the target depth due to some thin layer or lenses of sand and
coral.

3. It is recommended to use 6 m slope with 1:1 single slope for cut area in the
limestone hill behind the truck dumping area. In every 6 m slope, it will need to
construct 4 m wide of catch berm.

4. Water channels need to be constructed around port site facilities area to

overcome the run off water flow. Water channel also need to be constructed on
catch berm for erosion control.

5. It is recommended to use 1:5 slope for dredging along access way for barge. This
analyses based on 6 m depth of dredging and only consider the stability of the
slope. If siltisation and tidal effect included, 1:10 slope will more appropriate.

6. Fill material for building foundation, heavy load, or haul road should be
compacted with 98% compaction ratio of modified proctor value. 95%
compaction ratio of modified proctor value will adequate for general fill.

7. Lateral capacity of retaining structure (if any) should assess carefully for lateral
pressure of fill material and the use of Indonesian Seismic code.

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 Appendix A
Bore and SPT Logs

Appendix A.1 Borehole logs

Appendix A.2 PCPT Test Results

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 Appendix A.1
Borehole Logs

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 Appendix A.2
PCPT Test Results

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 Appendix B
Laboratory Test Results Summary

Appendix B.1 Laboratory test results summary of boreholes

Appendix B.2 Laboratory test results summary of borrow areas

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 Appendix B.1
Laboratory Test Results Summary
of Boreholes

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 Appendix B.2
Laboratory Test Results Summary
of Borrow Areas

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 Appendix C
Cross Sections

Appendix C.1 Cross section 1 (LT-06, LT-03, LT-19, LT-09, LT-18, LT-11)

Appendix C.2 Cross section 2 (LT-02, LT-07, LT-10, LT-12, LT-20)

Appendix C.3 Cross section 3 (LT-12, LT-13, LT-09, LT-19)

Appendix C.4 Cross section 4 (LT-20, LT-17, LT-18)

Appendix C.5 Cross section 5 (LT-02, LT-07, LT-08, LT-06)

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 Appendix D
Photographs

Appendix D.1 Core photographs

Appendix D.2 Site photographs

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 Appendix D.1
Core Photographs

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 Appendix D.2
Site Photographs

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