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Chap1 3 Impedance Matching Advance
Chap1 3 Impedance Matching Advance
Matching
LOADED Q
◼ The Q of a resonant circuit was defined to be equal to the ratio of the
center frequency of the circuit to its 3-dB bandwidth
Rs = 50
Rs = 1000
Effect of Q vs. Xp.
Maximum Power Transfer
◼ In DC circuits, maximum power
will be transferred from a source
to its load if the load resistance
equals the source resistance
Maximum Power Transfer
◼ The source (Zs), with a series reactive component of +jX (an inductor),
is driving its complex conjugate load impedance consisting of a −jX
reactance (capacitor) in series with RL. The +jX component of the
source and the−jX component of the load are in series and, thus,cancel
each other, leaving only Rs and RL, which are equal by definition.
◼ Since Rs and RL are equal, maximum power transfer
The L Network
Simple Black Box Analysis
◼ Source 100-ohm
◼ Load 1000-ohm
◼ So, in this situation
❑ The available power from source would be
lost about 4.8 dB
R P X2P R 2P X P
RS = 2 XS = 2
R P + X2P R P + X2P
RP
= 1+ QS = 1+ QP
2 2
RS
Equation for design of the impedance-
matching
Final circuit
DEALING WITH COMPLEX
LOADS
◼ Real world input/output impledance
Transmission lines, mixers, antennas, transistor and most other sources
Two Basic Approaches in Handling
Complex Impedances
◼ Absorption
❑ To actually absorb any stray reactances into the impedance-
matching network itself.
❑ This can be done through prudent placement of each matching
element such that element capacitors are placed in parallel with
stray capacitances, and element inductors are placed in series with
any stray inductances.
Two Basic Approaches in Handling
Complex Impedances
◼ Resonance
❑ To resonate any stray reactance with an equal and opposite
reactance at the frequency of interest.
❑ Once this is done the matching network design can proceed as
◼ Use the absorption approach to match the source and load shown
below (at 100 MHz).
Solution
◼ The first step in the design process is to totally ignore the reactances
and simply match the 100-ohm real part of the source to the 1000-ohm
real part of the load (at 100 MHz)
◼ Goal
Example 3
◼ The need to block the flow of DC from the source to the load dictates
the use of the matching network
◼ first, let’s get rid of the stray 40-pF capacitor by resonating it with a
shunt inductor at 75 MHz.
◼ Now that we have eliminated the stray capacitance, we can proceed
with matching the network between the 50-ohm load and the apparent
600-ohm load
THREE-ELEMENT MATCHING
◼ From
◼
◼ The Q for the other L network is now defined by the ratio of Rs to R
◼ Notice here that the source resistor is now considered to be in the shunt leg
of the L network. Therefore, Rs is defined as Rp, and
◼ Now the complete network design
◼ Remember that the virtual resistor (R) is not really in the circuit and,
therefore, is not shown. Reactances −Xs1 and −Xs2 are now in series and
can simply be added together to form a single component.
◼ The only constraint is that Xp1 and Xs1 are of opposite types, and Xp2 and
Xs2 are of opposite types.
◼ Therefore, to perform the transformation from the dual-L to the Pi network,
the two series components are merely added if they are alike, and subtracted
if the reactances are of opposite type.
◼ Which one to choose?
❑ Depend on any number of factors including:
1. The elimination of stray reactances.
2. The need for harmonic filtering.
3. The need to pass or block DC voltage.
The T network
◼ The design of the 3-element T network is exactly the same as for the Pi
network except that with the T, you match the load and the source, through
two L-type networks, to a virtual resistance that is larger than either the
load or source resistance. This means that the two L-type networks will then
have their shunt legs connected together
Q value of T
◼ From previously,
◼ Now, for the L network on the load end, the Q is defined by the virtual
resistor and the load resistor. Thus,
Solution