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Riph Midter Reviewer
Riph Midter Reviewer
What is Caricature?
Three Parties:
• A picture, description, or imitation of
• Coalition Party (Quezon & Osmena)
a person in which certain striking
• Nacionalista Party ( Aguinaldo & characteristic are exaggerated in
Raymundo Melliza) order tocreate a comic or ridiculous
• Republican Party (Bishop Gregorio effect.
Aglipay & Norberto Nabong)
• Can be insulting or complementary
November 15, 1935 – inaugurated the and canbe serve a political purpose to
Commonwealth of the Philippines. be drawn solely for entertainment.
• Caricature of politician- editorial
National Defense – the prime duty of the
cartoons
government.
• Caricature of Movie star- magazines,
Departments established on 1941
• Political caricature of the American
• Finance department era (1900-1941)
• National economic council – promotion
➢ Philippine political cartoons gain full
of industries crop production, expressionduring the American era Filipino
enterprises, tariffs and taxation. Artist recordednational attitudes toward
• National development company – mass the coming of the Americans as well as the
production of staples like rice and corn. changing mores and times.
• Agricultural & Industrial Bank – to help
➢ While the 377 cartoons compiled in this
small farmers with convenient loans on
books speak for themselves, Historian
easy terms. Alfred Mccoy provides a comprehensive
• National Council of Education – Rafael background not onlyto the cartoons but to
Palma – Chairman. the turbulent period as well.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
➢
Treaty of Paris of 1898
(Tratado de Paris de 1898;Kasunduan sa Paris
ng 1898)
• Composed of 40 members
➢ Henry C. Ide – replaced Wright on April 2, • Leader: Manuel L. Quezon
1906.
• Stable government already exist.
✓ Lifting the ban on independence
parties.
➢ James F. Smith – replaced Ide on
➢ Newton Baker (War Secretary) – Philippine
September 20, 1906.
Independence symphatizer.
➢ Gabaldon Law – the first law that passed
➢ Warren G. Harding – Republican President
the Philippine Assembly.
✓ In his desire to know the true state of
➢ Sergio Osmena – the 1st leaders of the
thePhilippines, he sent the Wood
Philippine Assembly.
Forbes Mission.
Manuel L. Quezon ✓ The special commission was constituted
by Maj. Gen. Leonard Wood & William
• Majority Floor Leader C. Forbes.
• Resident Commissioner 1909
• Outstanding Performance
➢ William Cameron Forbes – new governor Philippine Congress 1922 – 2nd Independence
replacing Smith on November 11. Mission to the U.S.
• Lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese May 5, 1942 - Japanese finally secured a
Army during World War II. beachhead on the island of the Corregidor and
• After the war, Homma was convicted of war landed tanks.
crimes relating to the actions of troops
May 6, 1942 - The remaining US troops on
under his direct command.
Corregidor in the Philippines surrender to the
• He was executed by firing squad.
Japanese. Japanese troops scream, “Banzai”.
BATTLE OF CORREGIDOR
An Act to Declare the Site in Magallanes, After making trips in Butuan and Limasawa as
Limasawa Island in the Province of Leyte, part of their research, the NHCP panel found no
Where the First Mass in the Philippines sufficient evidence that the capital of Agusan del
Norte hosted the first Catholic mass in the
country.
The country's first Catholic mass was officiated
by Fr. Pedro Valderrama on March 31, 1521,
upon orders of Portugese explorer Ferdinand "The panel unanimously agreed that the
Magellan. The Limasawa mass marked the birth evidences and arguments presented by the pro-
of Roman Catholicism in the country, which Butuan advocates are not sufficient and
remains as the nation's dominant religion in the convincing enough to warrant the repeal or
country up to present reversal of the ruling on the case by the NHI
(National Historical Institute)," the NHCP panel
The National Historical Commission of the said, citing the previous rulings made by the
Philippines (NHCP) sustained findings that the commission's forerunner National Historical
Limasawa Island in Southern Leyte as the site of Institute in 1995 and 2008 affirming Limasawa as
the true site of the first Catholic mass in the • The date of the First Mass may be an error
country. due to the use of Gregorian Calendar in the
translation of the original date
The NHCP panel examined the Italian and French
version of Italian chronicler Antonio Pigafetta’s • Labor Evangelista (Father Francisco Colin)-
accounts in the Magellan-Elcano expedition, The First Mass, Solemn planting of the cross
which showed the coordinates of the 1521 and the formal taking possession of the
Easter Sunday Mass are closer to Limasawa. Islands in the name of the Crown of Castile
happened in Butuan on Easter Sunday of
The national historical commission also studied 1521.
the 1895 journal articles of historians Trinidad
Pardo de Tavera and Pablo Pastells, SJ, which • Historia de Mindanao y Jolo (Father
revisited Pigafetta’s accounts and emphasized Francsico Combes)- Magellan landed on
that Limasawa, not Butuan, as the site of the first Butuan and planted the cross in a solemn
Catholic mass in the country. ceremony. Information about the First Mass
is not mentioned.
FIRST MASS
• Colin and Combes both pictured that
Magellan visited Butuan and Limasawa.
• According to Pigafetta, the first mass
happened on March 31, 1521 which is SUPPORTING EVIDENCES
Eastern Sunday on Southern Leyte. • Name of the Place
• Father Pedro de Valderrama held the
mass and The Rajah of Mazaua and • The expedition traveled 20 to 25
Rajah of Butuan were present. leagues from Homonhon, the first
• After the mass party, a cross was planted landing point
on a summit of a little hill. The First
Mass marked the birth of Roman • The latitude position
Catholicism in the Philippines. • The geographical feature
• Balanghai
Butuan Tradition: the 3 century tradition
• House
The monument erected near the mouth of
Agusan River which has an inscription: • Abundance of Gold
• Developed settlement
To the Immortal Magellan: the People of Butuan
with their Parish Priest and the Spaniards POSSIBLE WITNESS:
resident therein, to commemorate his arrival
and the celebration of the First Mass on this site • Gines de Mafra- Ambrosiana Codex
on the 8th of April 1521. Erected in 1872, under
the District Governor Jose Ma. Carvallo.
RECENT EVIDENCES SUPPORTING EVIDENCES
• Mazaua is located 9 and 1/3 latitude, south • Study of William Henry Scott in 1982
of Seylani which is 10 latitude. This could
RECENT EVIDENCES
mean that it can be nearly located Butuan
City or in the municipality of Agusan del ❑ RA 2733
Norte.
CONCLUSION
WHY IN LIMASAWA:
• Limasawa is the original site of the First
• Limasawa is a small island now occupied by Catholic Mass in the Philippines, according
the province of Leyte to a 2 year study of National Historical
Commission in the Philippines (NHCP}.
• Historically important because Ferdinand
(August 24,2019. ABS CBN News)
Magellan left after first landing and resting
in Homonhon in March 1521 REPUBLIC ACT No. 2733
IMPORTANT EVENTS TOOK IN LIMASAWA An Act to Declare the Site in Magallanes,
ISLAND: Limasawa Island in the Province of Leyte,
Where the First Mass in the Philippines
• Ferdinand Magellan’s alliance with Raha
Kulambu The NHCP Board of Commissioners signed
Resolution No. 2 last July 15 adopting the
• The First Mass
report submitted by the investigating panel on
• According to Francisco Albo’s the issue surrounding the 1521 Easter Sunday
account, he didn’t mention the First Mass in the Philippines
Mass in the Philippines but only the
The national historical commission also studied
planting of the cross.
the 1895 journal articles of historians Trinidad
WITNESS: Pardo de Tavera and Pablo Pastells, SJ, which
revisited Pigafetta’s accounts and emphasized
Antonio Pigafetta wrote Mazaua as the name
that Limasawa, not Butuan, as the site of the
of the island.
first Catholic mass in the country.
The Two Faces of the 1872 Cavite Mutiny - The 200 men contingent headed by
Seargent La madrid launched an attack
By Chris Antonette Piedad-Pugay
targeting Spanish officers at sight and
“GOMBURZA” seized the arsenal.
The Martyrdom of the three martyr priests in - Attempt of the Spanish government and
the person of Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Frailocracia to instill fear among Filipinos so
Burgos and Jacinto Zamora (GOMBURZA) that they may never commit such daring act
again, the GOMBURZA were executed.
All Filipino must know the different sides of the
story since this event led to another tragic yet - The execution of the Gomburza is one of
meaningful part of our history. the moving forces that shaped Filipino
Nationalism.
5. Filipino was active participant and Gregoria de Jesus’s Version of the First “Cry”
responded to what they deemed injustice.
❑ August 25, 1896
6. The execution of GOMBURZA was a blunder
on the part of Spanish government. ❑ “Lakambini of the Katipunan”
“Not forget those who fell during the night” ❑ Custodian of the secret documents, seal,
and weapons of the Katipunan.
-Elias (Noli Me tangere)
❑ While Bonifacio and his men gathered in
the hills of Balintawak for the war, the
Spanish authorities were coming to arrest
her so she fled to manila and later joined
his husband.
❑ When the Katipunan had been Guillermo Masangkay’s
discovered and some of the members
The “Cry of Balintawak”
were arrested, she immediately
returned to Caloocan. ❑ August 26, 1896
❑ Through her friend, she learned that the ❑ The historic first rally of the Philippine
Spanish were coming to arrest her so at 11 Revolution occurred at the rustic barrio of
o’clock at night, secretly going through the Balintawak, a few kilometers north of the
rice fields in La Loma with intention of city of Manila.
returning to Manila.
❑ At about 9 o’clock in the morning of August
Santiago Alvarez’s 26, 1896, a big meeting was held in
Balintawak by Bonifacio
The “Cry of Bahay Toro”
❑ Teodora Plata, Briccio Pantas and Pio
❑ August 24, 1896
Valenzuela opposed to start the uprising
❑ Son of Mariano Alvarez and relative of early.
Gregoria de Jesus.
❑ The people then agreed to Bonifacio and
❑ Unlike Masangkay, Samson and screamed “Revolt!”
Valenzuela, Alvarez was not an
❑ Bonifacio then asked the people to give
eyewitness of the historic event. Hence,
pledge by destroying their cedulas as it is
His version cannot be accepted as equal
the sign of slavery of the Filipinos by the
in weight to that given by actual
Spaniards.
participants of the event.
❑ At about 5 o’clock in the afternoon, while
❑ Sunday, August 23, 1896 at 10 o’clock in
the gathering of Balintawak was celebrating
the morning at the barn of Kabesang
the decision of the Katipuneros to start the
Melchora, about 500 of the katipuneros
uprising, the guards outside gave warning
met together and were ready and eager
that the Spaniards were coming. Shot were
to join Bonifacio and his men.
exhanged between the Katipuneros and
❑ Monday, August 24, 1896, Bonifacio Spaniards thus the start of the Revolution.
hold a meeting inside a big barn began
at 9 o’clock in the morning were about
1000 katipuneros present.